Stomach Cancer Treatment in India
Stomach cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lining of the stomach. It is the fifth most common cancer in the world and the third leading cause of cancer death.
Symptoms
The symptoms of stomach cancer can vary depending on the stage of the cancer. Early-stage stomach cancer may not cause any symptoms at all. As the cancer progresses, the symptoms may include:
Unexplained weight loss
A feeling of fullness after eating a small amount of food
Pain in the upper abdomen
Nausea and vomiting
Blood in the stool
Black, tarry stools
Diarrhea or constipation
Unexplained fatigue
Causes
The causes of stomach cancer are not fully understood, but there are a number of factors that can increase your risk of developing the disease. These factors include:
Age: Stomach cancer is more common in older adults.
Family history: If you have a family history of stomach cancer, you are at increased risk of developing the disease.
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori): H. pylori is a bacteria that can cause chronic inflammation of the stomach lining. This inflammation can increase your risk of developing stomach cancer.
Diet: A diet high in smoked, salted, or pickled foods may increase your risk of developing stomach cancer.
Tobacco use: Smoking increases your risk of developing a number of different types of cancer, including stomach cancer.
Alcohol use: Heavy alcohol use increases your risk of developing stomach cancer.
Diagnosis
Stomach cancer is diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, blood tests, and imaging tests. The treatment for stomach cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the patient's preferences. Treatment options for stomach cancer include:
Surgery: Surgery is the main treatment for stomach cancer. The type of surgery that is performed will depend on the stage of the cancer.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is often used after surgery to help prevent the cancer from coming back.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be used before or after surgery to help shrink the cancer.
Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that targets specific proteins that are involved in cancer growth.
Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that helps the body's immune system fight cancer.
Success Rate
The success rate of stomach cancer treatment depends on the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis. The overall 5-year survival rate for stomach cancer is about 30%.
The side effects of stomach cancer treatment can vary depending on the type of treatment and the patient's individual circumstances. Some common side effects of stomach cancer treatment include:
Nausea and vomiting
Hair loss
Diarrhea
Constipation
Fatigue
Infection
Blood clots
Cost of Stomach Cancer Treatment
The cost of stomach cancer treatment in India varies depending on a number of factors, including the type of treatment, the hospital or clinic where the treatment is being performed, and the surgeon or oncologist who is providing the care. In general, the cost of stomach cancer treatment in India is significantly lower than in other developed countries.
For example, the average cost of surgery for stomach cancer in India is between INR 2,00,000 and INR 5,00,000, while the same procedure in the United States can cost upwards of USD 100,000.
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What is stomach cancer? What are the symptoms and treatment methods? 2023
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What is stomach cancer? What are the symptoms and treatment methods? 2023
Stomach cancer is caused by abnormal division of cells in the stomach. The stomach is a muscular organ located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity on the left side just below the ribs. Oral food is delivered to the stomach via the esophagus. Foods reaching the stomach can be kept in the stomach for a while. They are then destroyed and digested.
The stomach consists of four parts: the “cardia”, to which the esophagus is connected and called the stomach gate, the “fundus”, which is the upper part of the stomach, the “corpus”, which is the body of the stomach, and the “pylorus”, which connects the stomach to the small intestine. Gastric cancer, also known as gastric cancer, can originate from any part of the stomach. In most parts of the world, the most common site of stomach cancer is the body of the stomach. However, in the United States, the most common site of gastric cancer initiation is the gastroesophageal junction, where the stomach and esophagus connect.
Stomach cancer is a slowly progressive disease. It mostly occurs in people between the late 60s and 80s.
What Are the Types of Stomach Cancer?
Gastric cancer originates from the glandular cells that cover the inner surface of the stomach at a rate of 95%. Stomach cancer can progress and spread to the stomach wall and even to the blood or lymphatic circulation.
Gastric cancer is named according to the cell from which it originates. Some common stomach cancers are as follows:
Adenocarcinoma : The most common type of stomach cancer. The tumor is formed from the glandular structure that covers the inner surface of the stomach.
Lymphoma : It originates from lymphocyte cells in the immune system.
Sarcoma : It is a type of cancer originating from adipose tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue or blood vessels.
Metastatic cancer : It is a type of cancer whose primary cancer tissue is not in the stomach, which is seen as a result of the spread of other cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer or melanoma to the stomach.
Other types of stomach cancer, such as carcinoid tumor, small cell carcinoma, and squamous (squamous) cell carcinoma, are less common.
What are the Causes of Stomach Cancer?
The mechanism that triggers the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells in the stomach and leads to cancer is not fully known. However, it has been determined that there are some factors that increase the risk of gastric cancer. One of these is H. pylori bacteria, which can cause a widespread asymptomatic infection and stomach ulcers. Gastritis, which is defined as inflammation of the stomach, pernicious anemia, which is a long-lasting anemia, and polyps, which are structures protruding from the stomach surface, increase this risk. Other factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer are given below:
To smoke
Being overweight or obese
Excessive consumption of smoked and salty foods
Consuming too much pickle
drinking alcohol regularly
Having stomach surgery due to ulcer
A blood group
Epstein-Barr virus infection
some genes
Working in the coal, metal, timber or rubber industry
asbestos exposure
Having a family history of stomach cancer
Having Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)-Lynch Syndrome, or Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Stomach cancer begins when cells in the stomach change their DNA, which is the genetic material. These changes allow cancer cells to divide and live very quickly while healthy cells die. Over time, cancer cells combine and wash away healthy tissue. Thus, it can spread to other parts of the body.
What are the Symptoms of Stomach Cancer?
The most common symptom of stomach cancer is weight loss. The patient has lost 10% or more of his body weight in the last 6 months. The following symptoms can be counted as early signs of stomach cancer:
Indigestion
feeling bloated after eating
burning sensation in chest
mild nausea
Loss of appetite
Symptoms such as indigestion or a burning sensation in the chest alone do not indicate cancer. However, if the complaints are too many and more than one symptom is seen, the patient is examined in terms of risk factors for gastric cancer and some tests may be requested.
As the tumor size increases, the complaints become serious. The following serious symptoms can be seen in the later stages of stomach cancer:
Stomache ache
seeing blood in the stool
Vomiting
Weight loss for no apparent reason
difficulty swallowing
Yellowish eye whites and yellowish skin color
swelling in the stomach
constipation or diarrhea
Weakness and fatigue
chest pain
The above-mentioned complaints are more serious and require a doctor’s consultation.
How is Stomach Cancer Diagnosed?
There is no screening test for stomach cancer. In the last 60 years, there has been a decrease in gastric cancer cases. However, people with a family history or syndromes that pose a risk for stomach cancer should go to routine controls. The patient’s medical history is taken and begins with a physical examination.
If the doctor deems it necessary, he may order some tests such as:
Tumor Markers: Blood level of substances known as cancer markers (CA-72-4, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9)
Endoscopy: The stomach is looked at with the help of a thin and flexible tube and a camera.
Upper Gastrointestinal System X-ray: A limy liquid called barium is given to the patient and the stomach is visualized on the direct X-ray.
Computed Tomography: It is an imaging device that creates detailed images with the help of X-ray rays.
Biopsy: It is examined pathologically by taking a sample from the abnormal tissue of the stomach. The definitive diagnosis is biopsy and the type of cancer is determined by the pathology result.
How Is Stomach Cancer Treatment?
The most important factor determining the treatment of gastric cancer is the stages of gastric cancer. Stomach cancer stages; It is determined by the size of the tumor, whether it has spread to the lymph node, whether it has spread to a place other than the stomach.
Stage 0 : It is the presence of unhealthy cells that have the potential to turn into cancer cells in the epithelial layer covering the inner surface of the stomach. A cure is achieved by removing part or all of the stomach with surgery. Along with the stomach, the lymph nodes near the stomach, which are an important part of the immune system in our body, are also removed.
Stage 1: At this stage, there is a cancer cell in the stomach and may have spread to the lymph nodes. As in stage 0, some or all of the stomach and lymph nodes in the nearby region are removed with surgery. Chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy may be added to treatment before or after surgery. It is used before surgery to reduce the size of the cancer and to remove more with surgery, and when done after surgery, it is used to kill the remaining cancer cells after surgery. Chemotherapy is drugs that aim to kill cancer cells. In addition to drugs, chemoradiotherapy aims to kill cancer cells by making use of the high energy of the rays with radiotherapy.
Stage 2 : The cancer has spread to the deeper layers of the stomach and lymph nodes. Similar to stage 1 treatment, the main treatment in stage 2 consists of pre- or post-surgical chemoradiotherapy and surgery.
Stage 3 : Cancer has spread to all layers of the stomach, as well as to nearby organs such as the spleen and colon. The entire stomach is removed with surgery and chemotherapy is given. However, although this treatment does not provide a definitive cure, it relieves the patient’s symptoms and pain.
Stage 4 : Cancer has spread to organs far from the stomach, such as the brain, lungs, and liver. Curing is much more difficult, the goal is to relieve symptoms.
What Can Be Done to Prevent Stomach Cancer?
Some of the measures that can be taken to prevent stomach cancer are listed below:
quit smoking
Treating a stomach ulcer
Eating a healthy diet with fiber-rich foods
not consuming alcohol
Using pain relievers and medications like aspirin cautiously
If you have a lot of stomach ailments or if you have serious complaints such as seeing blood in the stool or losing weight quickly, it is recommended that you apply to health institutions and get support from specialist physicians.
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