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#space facts
todayontumblr · 9 months
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spaceadvances · 11 months
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Most galaxies don't have any rings of stars and gas -- why does M94 have two? First, spiral galaxy M94 has an inner ring of newly formed stars surrounding its nucleus, giving it not only an unusual appearance but also a strong interior glow.
A leading origin hypothesis holds that an elongated knot of stars known as a bar rotates in M94 and has generated a burst of star formation in this inner ring. Observations have also revealed another ring, an outer ring, one that is more faint, different in color, not closed, and relatively complex. What caused this outer ring is currently unknown. M94, pictured here, spans about 45,000 light years in total, lies about 15 million light years away, and can be seen with a small telescope toward the constellation of the Hunting Dogs (Canes Venatici).
📷: Brian Brennan
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sexy-sea-basss · 4 months
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Ghouls & Space
I have this theory/idea that all ghouls were created in the cosmos somewhere, but they don’t know where they came from. I’ve tasked myself to match the current ghouls with a nebula. Some with explanation, some without. This ties into an idea that I have that Phantom can project images with his magic. 
So, I’ve combined a story and my headcanons into the thing below. 
and this little story goes like this
A/N: shoutout to @swissndewdrop for listening to me talk about this and to @orcaog who heard about this idea first. @callmeghoulshit thanks for beta-ing and hyping me up to post.
It’s a stormy day and the ghouls are stuck inside. It’s a heavy downpour so they’re not allowed to go outside as to not track mud in. They spent the whole day cleaning so all of their efforts would go to waste. Everyone was bored and the power kept flickering on and off, so video games were out of the question. Eventually the power went out from the heavy winds, and they all lounged together in the living room wondering what to do. 
“Have I ever told you guys I can project?” Phantom softly spoke. All heads turn to him. “What?!” Dewdrop shouts. 
“It’s something Aether helped me figure out, but, here, let me show you” Phantom focuses on his power and his palms start to glow blue, and wisps of power head to the ceiling. A 3D imagine on the ceiling forms from the wisps. Everyone stares in amazement. There were colors, dark spots, glittery spots, and… eyes? 
Cirrus broke the silence first, “What are you showing us, honey?” 
 “Home.” 
“Home?” someone questioned 
“Well, it’s where I was created…” 
“What do you mean?” another asked, getting comfortable on the floor to look up at the ceiling. 
Phantom sat on on the recliner and spoke, 
“We’re all born from the cosmos. No one remembers as our path from the cosmos, to the pit, to topside is too traumatic … but I remember. I know where you were born too. The Lord below gave me his favor. I was the runt in the pit: small, unprotected, casted out from all packs. He picked me up one day and said ‘Perfect, a little crybaby. I’ll take you home.’” Phantom chuckled remembering the interaction, “He spoke of the big sky above the world, the galaxies, the different worlds, and nebulas, our place of creation. Before sending me up, He spoke of my new pack. He showed me where you were created.” 
“Can..” Swiss takes a deep shaky breath, still shocked at the words spoken by Phantom, “can you show us?”
 “Of course!” Phantom summons more magic to blow up the projection so that they’re inside the projection, while also projecting in the center an image of the nebula.  “This is my home, as I previously mentioned.” 
Phantom: Cosmic Bat Nebula (LDN 43) 
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LDN 43 is about 1400 light years away in the constellation Ophinuchis. LDN43 is a stellar nursery indicated by the dark clouds and gases. Phantom was born from inside this Cosmic Bat. He is one of the bright stars shining through the dark clouds. 
“haha it looks like a bat! is that why you like bats so much?” 
“yeah… it reminds me of this” He takes a sip of water and continues “Aurora this is your creation place. Orion Nebula.”
Aurora- Orion Nebula 
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Orion Nebula (Messier 42) is a nebula situated in the Milky Way in the Orion constellation. It is the middle star of the sword. This nebula is one the brightest and visible to the naked eye. This is one of the most scrutinized and photographed objects in the night sky. It is one of the most studied celestial body. Much like Aurora was scrutinized and studied closely when she first joined the band, but she keeps on shinning. The Great Nebula is a host to many wonders and many young stars. 
“Explains the pink,” Rain chuckled. 
“Yes it does, Rain. Cumulus this is you, the Omega Nebula” 
“This is my creation nebula? it’s gorgeous”
“yes, just like you, Lus. Omega Nebula is one of my favorites, it has so many fun features."
Cumulus- The Omega Nebula 
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Omega Nebula (Messier 17) is part of the Sagittarius constellation. It is one of the richest starfields in the Milky Way. It is also one of the brightest and most massive star-forming regions in the galaxy. It also goes by many names: Swan Nebula, Checkmark Nebula, Lobster Nebula and the Horseshoe Nebula. Cumulus is often seen as the “mom” of the pack, but she’s so much more. 
“Up next, Cirrus. Every queen deserves a crown” 
Cirrus- Cassiopeia A 
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Also known as Cassiopeia’s crown. Brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky. It is remnants of a supernova. Cirrus is a queen, and this is her crown.
“Swiss, the most chaotic and intricate of them all” 
Swiss- Eskimo Nebula
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 Eskimo Nebula (NGC 2592) is also known as the Clown-faced Nebula, Lion Nebula, or Caldwell 39. Swiss is a silly ghoul that brings joy into all of our lives. He’s also fierce like a lion.
“You mean to tell me that this is where I was created?” Swiss wonders 
“Yes. So special and intricate. There’s nothing else quite like it. You’re one of a kind.” 
After a few more moments, Phantom continues 
“Mountain, you were born in the Eagle Nebula. You were created in the Pillars of Creation. All earth ghouls are created here. You hold the power to create life with touch.” 
Mountain- Eagle Nebula. Pillars of Creation. 
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Eagle Nebula, Pillars of Creation. These pillars of gas and dust are creators of life. New stars are born here. Pillars are designed to hold and sustain houses, monuments, etc. Mountain is the pillar of the pack. He is adored and loved by all. His work doesn’t go unnoticed.
“The lagoon nebula is our next stop, any guesses as to who was created here?” 
“Me?” 
“Yes Rain, this is you. The edges of the nebula look like sandbanks surrounding a lagoon” 
Rain- Lagoon Nebula (Messier 8) 
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Lagoon Nebula (Messier 8). In long exposure, the nebula appears pink but to the human eye, it is grey as humans have poor lowlight sensitivity. Rain appears normal at a glance, but after examining him for a while you can see the patterns on his skin, the bioluminescent glow of those patterns in the dark. He is so much more than what meets the eye.
“Dew, I saved the best for last. You were once created here...”
Dewdrop (water)- Jellyfish Nebula
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Jellyfish Nebula (IC 443)- It’s a supernova remnant in the constellation Gemini. Jellyfish quite literally go with the flow of the sea. Dew goes with the flow, he can’t really do anything to fight the changes that are and have occurred.
“...but during your transition, while you were unconscious for a few days, a little bit of the material in you that make you a pure water ghoul returned to the cosmos, and this nebulas material entered you...”
Dewdrop (fire)- The Heart Nebula
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Heart Nebula- Also in the Cassiopeia Constellation. The heart shape was formed by stellar winds from the hot stars at its core. Dew has the biggest heart of them all. He loves intensely. The love he has for his pack and previous ghouls is immense. His love was formed from his rough life in the pit. He found a loving home after being summoned and decided to turn his hatred towards lifeinto love.
“...both of these nebulas live inside you. Neither fight for dominance, neither sway you one way or the other. You’re still water and you’re also fire. Opposites living in harmony. I know sometimes you struggle having once been water and now you’re fire, and you question who you are, but rest assured, you are both equally. Fire is a little more awake than water given your role to the pack, but she’s there if you ever need her. You see her awaken when you lay next to Rain. Fire ignites the passion. Water keeps out from burning yourself out. They’re balanced. Working in your favor.” 
Dewdrop barely gets out a “Phant….” before being cut off.
“it’s okay Dew.” Phantom extends his hand to cover Dews. “It’s a lot. Not just for you, but for all. The Lord Below asked me to show you all. I didn’t know when, or how, but He said there would be one that would help. And it was Aether. He helped me bring this to you all. Once I mastered this, I knew I had to do my one task.” 
Phantom recalled his power, pulling his hand away from Dew’s, and the projection ended. Wisps of blue and purple circled his pack’s heads in a playful manner before returning into his body. He looked around the room: Cirrus and Cumulus cuddling with teary eyes, Aurora snuggling between Dew and Rain with tails intertwined, Swiss wiping tears away from Mountain’s face. 
“Phantom… thank you” came mountains soft voice
“My pleasure” 
Later that night, once they’ve all gone to bed in pairs, or throuples, Phantom was alone in his room, staring at the ceiling, feeling the exhaustion of using his power for that long. He smelled something burning, and that’s when He appeared. “You did amazing little one, now sleep. You must be exhausted.” 
“Hold me?” 
Without hesitation, He slid into Phantom’s bed and cuddled him until he was fast asleep. “I’m with you always, little one” 
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abbyofthecosmos · 8 months
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The Crab Nebula
August’s Space Object of the Month is the Crab Nebula, the remnant of a supernova observed by Chinese astronomers in the year 1054. Though they didn’t understand what they were seeing at the time, we now know they were witnessing was the death of a star 6,500 light-years from Earth. The supernova was visible during the day for an entire month, and remained visible at night for a further two years before it faded away.
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At the centre of the nebula there is a rapidly spinning neutron star, 30 kilometres in diameter, emitting pulses of radiation as it spins on its axis. This pulsar, discovered in 1968 by Jocelyn Bell, ejects twin beams of radiation resulting in the star appearing to pulse at a rate of 30 times per second.
The nebula itself spans six light-years across, and is expanding at a rate of about 1,500 kilometres per second – 0.5% the speed of light.
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spacefaxbyaustin · 11 months
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The Fried Egg Galaxy
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The spiral galaxy NGC 7742 is also named the fried egg galaxy because of its core, which is much brighter than would be expected for a galaxy only 36,000 light-years across. This is because the fried egg galaxy is a Seyfert galaxy, and has a moderately active core. The fried egg galaxy, or NGC 7742, is type II (brightest in infrared light) and it is found 72 million light years away from us.
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spacepandora · 2 months
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TYPES OF GALAXIES, PART 4:
Lenticular Galaxies
The image below is Lenticular galaxy NGC 4886, photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope, containing primarily old stars but no spiral arms.
Lenticular galaxies are like a cross between spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies. They have the central bulge and disk common to spiral galaxies but no arms. But like ellipticals, lenticular galaxies have older stellar populations and little ongoing star formation.
Scientists have a few theories about how lenticular galaxies evolved. One idea suggests these galaxies are older spirals whose arms have faded. Another proposes that lenticulars formed from mergers of spiral galaxies.
© ESA/Hubble & NASA. Acknowledgement: Gilles Chapdelaine
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Can you infodump? My brain gladly wants to explode of knowledge.
*smug smile*
Of course I can ~ Let's sort through a few topics I got up my sleeve... Ah, yes.
Did you know that black holes eat way faster than we thought they would?
Supermassive black holes are so massive that when they spin, they twist the very fabric of space & time along with them which is a phenomenon called "frame dragging" or the "Lense-Thirring effect."
Like this:
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3D simulations performed using the Summit supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory showed that this twisting of space rips up accretion disks & causes them to split into inner & outer "subdisks."
Supermassive black holes treat the inner disk as an appetizer, because they start their dinner by devouring gas & dust found there first. As this is happening, matter from the outer disk filters in, eventually filling in gaps left behind by the black hole devouring the inner disk. This filled-in disk then becomes the main course, allowing the process to start all over again.
A visual of the two disks:
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Image credit: A. Tchekhovskoy/Nick Kaaz/Northwestern University
The black hole's entire cosmic dining experience of eating, refilling, then eating again can proceed over a matter of mere months, which is radically more rapid than previously calculated timescales. This may ultimately explain why some quasars flash quickly & then disappear. Remember: quasars are black holes that are devouring material, causing them to emit light.
How do these two disks form?
The previous mentioned "Lense-Thirring effect" gets stronger as you move closer to the black hole, causing the accretion disk of material to wobble & the innermost region to spin faster.
This is comparable to a spinning top, which begins to wobble as it slows down, but the wobble of the inner accretion is more extreme than that of the outer disk.
This warps the entire disk system & causes the material from different regions to smash into each other, creating bright shocks & driving material ever closer to the supermassive black hole itself.
Eventually, the wobbling effect becomes so strong that the accretion disk splits into two parts!
The outcome: inner & outer disks evolve separately & develop different wobbles - so the entire accretion disk is more like the rings of a gyroscope rather than a spinning plate.
Because the disks are oriented at different angles, the outer disk pours matter onto the inner disk, which pushes the inner disk closer to the black hole, speeding up the rate at which it is swallowed by the black hole.
As this happens, the immense gravity of the black hole pulls in the outer disk, forcing it to take the place of the inner disk.
This explains the quick flashing quasars show.
They stop being bright due to have swallowed all the material of the inner disk. Then, it brightens again because it got another serving of material from the outer disk & the process repeats.
✨Dinner has been served.✨
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I do hope your brain does not explode, it would be a shame to lose one if my infodump-lovers. ✨💜
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antsforlunch · 2 years
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DID YOU KNOW?
. . . . . . . . . .. . . <-- ants from far away ants have more legs than you ever will
(double fact to start off strong (like an ant is))
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nocturnalflair · 10 days
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I've been researching the Sun recently and in doing so I have come up with some more headcannons, this time only for Sol as I have started to call him:
(might be a bit angsty btw)
Sol is very protective of his planets and will protect them against the cosmic radiation within the Milky Way, through all of his life phases, until the very end.
He witnessed the head on collision of Proto-Earth and Theia and was unable to do anything to stop it, so to stop it from happening again he ordered the planets to stay in their orbits.
He is immensely proud of Earth and his Earthlings as he is the only star with a planet that holds actual life that he knows of.
Sol definately keeps to himself despite being surrounded by an estimated 100,000,000 stars in the Milky Way alone, he wants to enjoy his planets while he still has them.
The other red dwarfs and white dwarfs in the Milky Way all feel bad when they see the younger stars with their planets orbit the Milky Way every Galactic Year, knowing what will happen to them eventually.
Sol misses his stellar siblings HD-162826 and HD-186302, he didn't get to spend much time with them when they first formed with their other thousands of siblings in the same stellar nursery.
He knows what Jupiter and Saturn did to the fifth gas giant, he agrees with their decision. The smaller terrestial planets needed to be protected from Planet X.
Watching his small terrestial planets be pummelled by asteriods during the Late Heavy Bombardment made him furious, Jupiter and Saturn calmed down after this.
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todayontumblr · 9 months
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Wednesday, August 9.
Space.
Yeah, science b*tch.
Space is, and let us make no bones about this, the cat's whiskers. The news each day is grim, and seemingly only ever grimmer. So it makes a refreshing change once in a while when those fine folk in the whitecoats deliver some fascinating, albeit existential, updates. But even here, there is better and worse: for better, for example, in the last year alone a rogue black hole was spotted on its own for the first time, NASA’s DART Mission hit an asteroid in a first-ever planetary defense test, and astronomers revealed the first image of the black hole at the heart of our galaxy. Very nice, very cool. Very space.
However, it seems we never learn when to leave a good (and very big, scary) thing well enough alone from the claws of capitalism, as Virgin Galactic plans to launch its first space tourism flight. In any case, we can't exactly blame their curiosity. The study of space has captivated our tiny minds for millennia, and it remains a beautiful, fascinating, frightening, and silent enigma. There are endless mysteries up there, and the question for us is whether they are best left well alone. Or, in the immortal words of Ian Malcolm, "Your scientists were so preoccupied with whether or not they could, that they didn't stop to think if they should."
So let's give it up for the magnificent beauty and ceaseless, elusive terror that is #space. 
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spaceadvances · 11 months
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Big storms are different on Jupiter. On Earth, huge hurricanes and colossal cyclones are centered on regions of low pressure, but on Jupiter, it is the high-pressure, anti-cyclone storms that are the largest. On Earth, large storms can last weeks, but on Jupiter they can last years.
On Earth, large storms can be as large as a country, but on Jupiter, large storms can be as large as planet Earth. Both types of storms are known to exhibit lightning.
The featured image of Jupiter's clouds was composed from images and data captured by the robotic Juno spacecraft as it swooped close to the massive planet in August 2020. A swirling white oval is visible nearby, while numerous smaller cloud swirls extend into the distance.
On Jupiter, light-colored clouds are usually higher up than dark clouds. Despite their differences, studying storm clouds on distant Jupiter provides insights into storms and other weather patterns on familiar Earth.
📷: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS; Processing & License: Kevin M. Gill
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sallyastral · 8 months
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Tonight I started reading theories about extraterrestrial life. I am an extremely paranoid person and these theories certainly don't help, but I enjoy reading them and so I do it.
According to the Drake equation, there should be about 20 extraterrestrial intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way alone. And we're off to a bad start.
There are two possible reasons why we have never encountered even one: the Dark Forest hypothesis or the Great Filter theory.
Let's start from the first: let's say that a person is in a dark forest, aware of the fact that there are other predators around whose existence, however, has no proof whatsoever. This is the same situation in which humanity finds itself according to the Fermi paradox. Humans live in a world where there is a very high probability that other forms of life exist, but of which there is no actual proof.
Now: would this person ever scream for help? Probably not, because they would let other predators know their location. And that's what these possible extraterrestrial presences are probably doing: they hide, because they are afraid and paranoid that other forms of life may be stronger than them.
The problem? Humanity is literally playing the person screaming in the forest. For more or less 100 years now, so since radio was invented, we have been transmitting every aspect of our life into space. This applies to radio, TV, phone calls and chats.
If there is a civilization out there, in 100 light years it will know what happened on our earth this year, and right now it knows what happened 100 years ago.
We are extremely stupid.
The theory of the Great Filter, on the other hand, states that no civilization is yet equipped with the necessary "colonising" technology since there is an obstacle to achieving this goal, a great filter, which makes the "interplanetary colonization" scenario extremely implausible.
If we want to be optimistic, the filter is "in the past", in the sense that it is very rare that intelligent life forms develop and therefore we, as human beings, have already overcome the obstacle and are about to colonize the Universe. This scenario would be all the more probable the more habitable planets were discovered but devoid of intelligent life forms and would have as a consequence the fact that one day we will probably find ourselves sailing alone in the infinite night (so sad, eh?).
Thinking pessimistically, however, the filter is "in the future", in the sense that, like us, billions of intelligent species exist and have existed, but they have all failed in their attempt to colonize the Universe: this could mean, for example, that it is not possible to colonize planets between one star and another and therefore the fate of each civilization is inextricably linked to the fate of its mother star, or even that all intelligent civilizations arrive at self-destruction before being able to reach a certain technological level, or so many other things… anyway, if that were the case, we should start preparing ourselves as a species to face some great obstacle that could spell our end.
Also, any contact with an alien civilization could only indicate one thing: we'd all be screwed, human and alien, because it means the filter is in the future for both of us.
But why hasn't it happened yet? Well, if at this precise moment someone were looking at the Earth from the Andromeda Galaxy, they would see the earth of 2,537,000 years ago: therefore, as for us some habitable exoplanets appear uninhabited, the Earth would also be devoid of intelligent life forms for them, making it impossible to establish a contact.
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a-cosmic-elf · 3 months
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youtube
A trashy clickbait thumbnail, but that’s LADbible for you. Brian Cox is brilliant, as always.
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abbyofthecosmos · 6 months
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Gliese 504b
Orbiting a star 57 light-years away in the constellation Virgo lies the planet GJ 504b, a gas giant that gives off an incredible magenta colour.
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With an orbital period of 260 years, and a mass 4 times that of Jupiter, this is one of the lowest mass planets detected using direct imaging techniques. The pink planet is orbiting a star slightly hotter than the Sun, and estimates put the age of the system at around 160 million years old. The planet itself has a temperature of roughly 270°C and is 9 times the distance from its star as Jupiter is from the Sun.
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