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southeastasianists · 8 days

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In February 2023, a few months after I departed from my field site in Singapore, the Deputy Prime Minister announced significant changes to Singapore’s housing policies. In his eagerly anticipated budget speech for 2023, Lawrence Wong reaffirmed Singapore’s commitment to nurturing familial aspirations among Singaporeans and proceeded to outline measures aimed at reducing the uncertainties faced by (heterosexual) couples in their housing journeys. Chief among these measures was the granting of extra balloting chances to families with children and young married couples aged 40 and below (Ong, 2023). 1 Previously, both engaged and married couples received two ballot chances each, whereas now legally married couples and married couples with children would receive three balloting chances.

This announcement and its implications must be understood within context. Approximately 80% of Singaporeans reside in public housing flats (Lin, 2022), 2 representing some of the highest flat ownership rates in Asia and underscoring the success of Singapore’s public housing model—a model that Singaporeans and its leaders rightly take pride in. However, this success comes with a caveat. In Singapore, flat ownership is contingent upon adhering to and staying on a particular life path.

In brief, there are several pathways to acquiring a public flat. Among them, the Build-to-Order (BTO) housing program, known locally as “BTO,” is the most affordable and accessible route for Singaporean citizens to own a public flat. Eligibility to apply for a BTO before the age of 35 hinges on the formation of—or in the case of engaged couples, the intention to form—a conventional family nucleus. 3 (Singles may participate after 35.) 4 Eligible couples or families submit an online application, which is then entered into a computer-generated ballot. This ballot, occurring four times a year, can induce significant anxiety, as couples may succeed on their first attempt or as late as their 13th try. 5

It is this anxiety and uncertainty that the Deputy Prime Minister sought to alleviate by offering married couples more balloting chances. Returning to the formalities of the BTO process, couples must then wait 3 to 6 years for the flat to be built, and they risk losing their down payment (an amount that can be as high as 20,000 Singapore dollars) 6 if they separate or divorce during this period. Subsequently, after moving into the flat, they must fulfil what is termed a Minimum Occupation Period. For those who balloted as a married or engaged couples this typically entails remaining married and residing in the flat for a period of five to ten years, depending on the location of the flat. In other words, access to a subsidized flat in Singapore before the age of 35 is heavily contingent upon coupling and maintaining that union.

During my PhD fieldwork, I began to realize that what I was studying was not merely housing policy, but rather people’s endeavours to live together, and the various modes of romantic labour they engage in to synchronize their relational lives with grant, balloting, and flat building cycles. Particularly, I observed my interlocutors, many of whom were still in university, attempting to pre-empt uncertainties in balloting and long wait times by committing to serious relationships early. The idea was that finding a partner early would enable them to wait out multiple balloting attempts and access optimal grant opportunities. Often, they disclosed to me that their BTO partner was also their first romantic partner.

To facilitate this accelerated romantic trajectory, my interlocutors often adopted a decidedly pragmatic attitude toward romance. They sought not necessarily passion or love, but rather what Adely (2016) 7 termed compatibility when writing about marriage in Jordan. Compatibility, for Adely and for my interlocutors as well, referred to “more practical issues of financial security, the ability of a couple’s families to get along, as well as shared expectations of married life” (103). When one girl realized that her then-partner was not aligned with her romantic schedule, she reached out to her friends to ask if she should “leave now and cut my losses”. In a departure from conventional romantic timelines, I observed my interlocutors transitioning courtship to the period after they had already made a down payment for a flat but before the flat was ready. In essence, they committed to purchasing a flat together (and indirectly, to marriage), and then sought to determine or mold each other into the right marital or cohabiting partner. The implication seemed to be that, as one interlocutor expressed, a “person can be made right”. Another stated that the interim wait for the flat was a “rehearsal” for marriage. Yet, despite their best efforts, I also witnessed relationships fail. Ironically, they failed not despite, but often because of, attempting to fit their romantic lives onto a narrow path.

When one of my primary interlocutors, a 23-year-old Chinese-Singaporean woman named Grace, broke up with her boyfriend of a few years in the middle of my fieldwork, it came as a shock to both of us. They had already selected a unit and made their first down payment for the flat. She had diligently assessed their compatibility and conducted due diligence with extreme care. In fact, when they first got together, she asked him a list of questions about how he would handle familial conflict, his approach to finances, and his views on children. Satisfied that he was a stable partner who could be trusted for the long term, they agreed to ballot together. The irony was that when they broke up, the reasons she pointed to had nothing to do with their life goals or finances. Instead, she said she felt that he was almost too stable for her – “attraction mounts for him the more stable our relationship is, but I realize that it doesn’t work for me this way.” She had simply fallen out of love, and consequently lost her down payment. She was not alone. While some of my interlocutors managed to devise ingenious kinship solutions to circumvent flat restrictions, many realized that the romantic arrangements they sought in their schooling years or early twenties were not what worked best for them. In other words, paradoxically, the pursuit of the stability incentivized by the BTO generated more modes of romantic and financial uncertainties.

This is why I was uncertain about how to interpret the announcement regarding married couples receiving more balloting chances. A starting point could be to bemoan the continued lack of attention paid to the needs of those whose life trajectories differ from statist reproductive visions—such as single mothers, queer couples, and others. However, even among the group explicitly prioritized by the BTO, there appears to be a romantic hierarchy in effect. The recent change evidently favors married couples over engaged couples. In a Today article (Ong, 2023), 8 an interviewee is quoted as saying that the change would offer “some safety net so that if the timeline does not fit and we get married, after we get married, we’ll at least have some advantage.” In theory, I understand how this change could potentially alleviate some of the pressure to enter into relationships early. Couples could initially ballot multiple times as an engaged couple, and when they are ready to commit, they could then marry and ballot for a flat together. With increased balloting chances, they are now more likely to secure a flat. This, theoretically, should reduce the uncertainty that couples feel about obtaining a flat, a factor that supposedly drives young couples to rush into the ballot. However, I remain cautious. If housing supplies do not increase significantly, 9 this would imply that it would become more difficult for engaged couples to secure flats, while marginally easier for married couples. In other words, it would extend an already exclusionary criterion – between singles and normatively coupled individuals – to the differentiation between engaged and legally married couples.

While couples enter the BTO with the expectation and hope of eventual marriage, they also understand the inherent risks involved. For my interlocutors, expediting marriage closer to key collection was a strategy to limit potential entanglements in the event of a relationship breakdown. This remains a relevant concern considering the need to meet grant deadlines and the wait for a flat, which means the need to start finding a partner young might not change significantly. I worry that what has changed now is that some couples might feel that instead of using the waiting time as a “rehearsal,” a prelude to marriage, they might now feel incentivized to simply get married. This timeline, at least in the iteration that I found in the field, leaves little room for young people to evolve, to experiment, and to figure out who they are and what they want in a romantic relationship and marriage. We talk a lot about aspirations in Singapore – aspirations for a flat, for children, for marriage – that we seem to forget that desire, and the different but often messy paths through which people discover themselves and their needs, are also part of the calculus of life. Forgetting this ironically produces more, not less, romantic and, if one were to count the potential loss of a down payment, financial instability.

Joy Xin Yuan Wang Joy is a PhD Candidate at the University of Cambridge, Department of Social Anthropology.

Notes:

Ong, Justin . 2023. “Additional BTO Ballot Chance for ‘Prioritised First-Timers’ a Fairer Move than Reserving More Flats for Them: Analysts.” TODAY. February 16, 2023. https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/prioritised-first-timers-hdb-bto-flats-2109006#:~:text=the%20previous%20day ↩

Lin, Chen. 2022. “Singapore Sees the Rise of Million-Dollar Public Housing.” Reuters, August 31, 2022, sec. Asian Markets. https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/singapore-sees-rise-million-dollar-public-housing-2022-08-31/ ↩

In brief, an official family nucleus in Singapore is generally defined as

a) If you are married, you, your spouse, and your children (if any). b) If you are single: you and your parents. c) If you are widowed/divorced/separated: you and your children under your custody. d) Fiancé and fiancée e) Orphaned siblings

Marriage is central to the eligibility criteria because four out of the five officially endorsed pathways to forming a family nucleus flow from marriage. Note, for example, that option C does not account for mothers and fathers who have children out of wedlock. ↩

n August 2023, after this essay was written, the government announced greater changes to housing in Singapore. Two major changes included the recategorization of mature and non-mature estates into three categories- Standard, Plus, Prime. Prior to this change singles looking to purchase to BTO flats could only purchase 2-room flats in non-mature estates. While Singles continue to be limited in the size of BTO flat they can purchase (only 2-bedroom flats), they are now allowed to purchase flats from any location. (See this article for the details of the new changes https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/national-day-rally-2023-hdb-flats-singles-prime-bto-resale-3711471) ↩

In the field I met couples who only succeeded on the 11th time. This rice media article suggests that it is possible to fail 13 times at the ballot: https://www.ricemedia.co/bto-hdb-singapore/ ↩

Fong, Kenneth . 2021. “Planning to Break-up after You BTO-Ed? You Might Lose about $40,000!” Blog.seedly.sg. September 25, 2021. https://blog.seedly.sg/break-up-bto-hdb-application/ ↩

Adely, Fida. “A different kind of love: compatibility (Insijam) and marriage in Jordan” The Arab Studies Journal, Vol. 24, no. 2, 2016, pp. 102–27. ↩

The government has made promises and proposed measures to increase the supply of BTO flats. The most recent signs in February 2024 appear promising, with some flats promised to be delivered in a timeframe of within three years (https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/housing/19600-bto-flats-to-go-on-sale-in-2024-over-three-exercises-instead-of-four-desmond-lee). However, how this will play out and how the acceleration of flat delivery will affect romantic timelines and decisions is yet to be seen. ↩

#Southeast Asia #Singapore #BTO #Public Housing #Marriage

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akashkumar01 · 2 months

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rhk111sblog · 7 months

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Another Chinese Company is building an Automotive Factory in Thailand; Indonesia is inviting China to invest in their Water Infrastructure; Chinese Troops arrive in Singapore for a Joint Military Training; Another Chinese Company is investing Usd 500 million to build a Factory in Vietnam, and an All-Police Band goes Viral in Malaysia for singing a Chinese Song

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jeronimoloco · 1 year

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A Singapore in transition: SIT

Among American photo-journalist Harrison Forman’s vast collection of some 50,000 photographs, found in the American Geographical Society Library of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee are the wonderfully captured scenes of a Singapore in 1941. The photographs, which include a number of rare colour captures, provide a glimpse of the bustling colony that Singapore was, just as preparations were…

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#1950s #1950s Singapore #Architecture #Changing Landscapes #Forgotten Places #Harrison Forman #Harrison Forman Collection #Old Photographs #Old Places #Old Singapore #Photographs #Photography #Public Housing #Singapore #Singapore Improvement Trust #SIT #SIT Flats #Urban Redevelopment

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marlenesluv · 5 months

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Uni to Paddock. (CL)

summary: reader is a beloved wag, but she keeps private for the most part. her socials are public, but she’s usually unable to visit her boyfriend, charles, during race weekends…but one weekend, she decides to show up and support her boyfriend.

pairing: charles leclerc x fem!college/uni!reader

fc: alysia loo (alysialoo on insta)

note: charles is 26 rn, so i’m imagining reader as 20! not a huge age gap, but it’s there. also isa is back for this, i miss her sm rn. and, the grand prix that this is taking place in is Singapore. reader goes to uni in Monaco and lives with Charles in his house there.

warnings: none!

masterlist here -> masterlist link

^ check my list for all posts! ^

liked by: charles_leclerc, francisca.cgomes, and 461,234 others

y/n.user: slumped era

view comments…

y/nsogfanpage16: our mother posted guys!!! AHHHH

charles_leclerc: i miss you more than words can explain, mon chéri 😘

↳ y/n.user: i miss you more, char ❤️

user3: my study motivation fr

f1wags: i love when y/n posts, because it feels so rare these days 🥲

lewishamilton: roscoe misses you!!

↳ y/n.user: i miss roscoe so much🥹

user9: the way she’s casually friends with lewis hamilton?

↳ f1updates: well, her and charles have been dating for almost two years and i think she hangs out with the grid a lot when she’s not in school

papayabrofp: i love our ferrari wags frrr

isahernaez: can’t wait to hangout again💜

↳ y/n.user: 💜💜

ferrarifriends55: i love them, your honor

user2: missing her at the paddock rn :((

.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

twitter:

F1 Wag Updates @f1wagupdates • 3hr ago

Y/n Y/l/n has been spotted at the Singapore Changi Airport this morning, Tuesday, around 7:30am, getting off a flight from Monaco. Rumors think that Y/n is here for the Grand Prix this weekend, which we also think is true. We are so excited to finally see one of our favorite Ferrari Wags!!

↳ Y/n’s Fanssss @fpy/n16 • 3hr ago

Omgggg mother is gonna attend the gp?!?! Everyone STAY CALM AHHHHHHHHHG

↳ Papaya Posts @papayafpppp • 3hr ago

Y/n is literally so stunning. This outfit is soo cute!! If I could pull it off, I would be purchasing right now

↳ Ria @rialovesf1 • 3hr ago

The way that if it wasn’t for paparazzi we wouldn’t have known about Y/n coming to Singapore because she’s so secretive

↳ Lando Norris Fanpage!! @landoofp4 • 2hr ago

Ugh I loveeeee her fits sm, she’s so slay

↳ Formula 1 Posts @f1post • 2hr ago

Can’t wait for her to post with Charles again, I missed them so much

.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

your instagram story:

seen by: charles_leclerc, lilymhe, and 403,138 others

.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

liked by: y/n.user, arthur_leclerc, and 1,027,234 others

charles_leclerc: let’s start the singapore weekend right👏

view comments…

y/n.user: my handsome man🖤

↳ charles_leclerc: ma belle fille

↳ author: translation-> my beautiful girl

user3: we need more face pics of y/n!! has she even face revealed to us?

↳ f1updates: she has! i think like 5ish months ago but you have to dig

↳ arianasf1blog: check my twitter, i’ll post the ones i have saved!!

arthur_leclerc: you got singapore in the bag🔥

*liked by creator*

f1wags: y/n knows his angles so well, she knows we love these pics

↳ y/n.user: damn straight i do😘

↳ f1wags: MOTHER REPLIED TO ME⁉️❤️🥹

maxverstappen1: i would actually like picture credits for that middle picture. thank you

↳ charles_leclerc: you’re welcome

↳ maxverstappen1: 🤨

user8: we are fed 🤲💓

.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

twitter:

Ariana @arianasf1blog • 2hr ago

In order of appearance, top left to bottom right, I will explain where I got these pics from!!

Top left is from Y/n’s Instagram story a few months ago when Charles’ mom, Pascale, did her hair. The next one is from Daniels Instagram when she went on a hike with him, Scotty, and Charles. The third is from the Valentino Instagram page when she went to an event. Bottom left is from Landos Instagram story after a race last year in Monaco and they went to a party. The next one is from one of Lilys Instagram dumps. Y/n went to lunch with her, Alex, and Charles. The last one is from Kika’s Instagram Post when they went to a Beyoncé concert with Isa and Lily!! I have some more but here’s some for new fans :))

↳ Piasstri Fp @oscassfp • 2hr ago

Omg thank you sm for sharing!! I’ve been a McLaren fan for years but I never got involved with Wags until recently. She’s soooo pretty!!!

↳ Devin @devsblab • 1hr ago

I love Y/n, she’s so down to earth👏 Her and Isa are the cutest friends!!

↳ F1 Updates @f1updatepage • 1hr ago

Loving the Y/n appreciation. Her and Charles are so sweet together. The rare paparazzi pics we get of them, I cherish bc they are so cute

↳ Sarah @sarahlara8 • 1hr ago

Do I wanna be Y/n…or be WITH Y/n?!?!

.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

your instagram story:

seen by: isahernaez, charles_leclerc, and 401,148 others

.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

liked by: charles_leclerc, carlossainz55, and 462,144 others

y/n.user: missed studying in the paddock❤️📚

view comments…

charles_leclerc: my lucky charm🍀❤️

↳ y/n.user: i love you❤️ you’re going to do amazing

↳ charles_leclerc: i love you too, amor❤️

f1wags: shes baaacckkkkk🙏

user4: our studious wag!!!!

dtsedits81: does y/n have a job or is she j a student rn?

↳ y/nsogfp: i think she works part time in monaco at a bookshop :)

isahernaez: can’t wait to hangout more :) i missed you so much

↳ y/n.user: i missed you too isa!! :)

scuderiaferrari: great to have you back!!🏎️

*liked by creator*

user9: we need content mom!!!

ferrariwagpage: she’s soooo prettyyy

.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

liked by: charles_leclerc, isahernaez, and 458,130 others

y/n.user: heard you missed me?

view comments…

charles_leclerc: 🔥❤️

*liked by creator*

user3: YES WE MISSED YOU OMGGGGG

y/nfp16: we got pictures guys- OMG

ferrarifppp: mottherrrrr🙏🙏

charandy/n4: she’s barbie and he’s j ken

↳ user1: studious barbie and vroom ken

landonorris: didnt miss you, j saw you an hour ago

↳ y/n.user: boooo loser

user6: we missed you so much queen

isahernaez: marry me

↳ y/n.user: let’s go

16vroom55: carlos and charles are shaking in their boots 😭 y/n and isa are too cuteeee

wagfits: holyyyyy. mother is mothering

lilymhe: i miss you!!🙋‍♀️

↳ y/n.user: i miss you!!😘

.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

twitter:

F1 Wag Updates @f1wagupdates • 4hr ago

Update on Y/n Y/l/n and Charles Leclerc!! Y/n has posted with Charles in Singapore a few hours ago. She captioned it “heard you missed me?” And yes, yes we did miss her!!!

There have been a few new photos as well of Y/n with Isa at the Ferrari Paddock during qualifying and practice. The pair are practically inseparable, getting food together, posting pictures, and supporting their boyfriends together.

We are so happy to see more of Y/n after a few months of her at university. Hopefully she will post again soon. We all missed you, Y/n!!!❤️

*comments have been turned off*

.・。.・゜✭・.・✫・゜・。.

(reposts, comments, and likes are appreciated!^-^)

#formula 1 #f1 #formula one #charles leclerc #charles leclerc instagram au #charles leclerc smau #charles leclerc x female reader #charles leclerc x y/n #charles leclerc x you #charles leclerc fluff #charles leclerc x reader #charles leclerc fic #f1 smau #smau #fluff

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unforth · 23 days

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Danmei and Baihe C Novels and Manhua Officially Licensed in English

Things are getting licensed fast enough that keeping a list like this up-to-date is basically impossible, but I saw someone asking in the tags so I figured I'd try. All titles are danmei unless otherwise noted (very little baihe is licensed so far). I've included Chinese titles and linked novelupdates for each title when I was able to find them, but sometimes publishers change the original titles so much that I can't track them down, apologies.

Basically: this is everything I know of as of April 12, 2024. There might be more. I tried.

For the latest danmei news, Danmeinews.com is a great resources.

Note that some of this information was sourced from this Carrd, last updated in March 2023.

Seven Seas:

The full list of danmei novels licensed by Seven Seas is here. The full list of danmei manhua licensed by Seven Seas is here.

These titles are in various stages of publication, from "entire series released" to "license literally announced less than a week ago." As far as I know, all Seven Seas titles are available world-wide, through major distributors and libraries, and in e-book and print formats.

Mo Xiang Tong Xiu titles:

The Scum Villain's Self-Saving System (Ren Zha Fanpai Zijiu Xitong).

Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation (Mo Dao Zu Shi)

Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation (Mo Dao Zu Shi) manhua

Heaven Official's Blessing (Tian Guan Ci Fu)

Meatbun Doesn't Eat Meat titles:

Case File Compendium (Bing an Ben)

The Husky and His White Cat Shizun (Erha he Ta de Bai Mao Shizun)

Remnants of Filth (Yuwu)

Meng Xi Shi titles:

Thousand Autumns (Qian Qiu)

Peerless (Wushuang)

priest titles:

Guardian (Zhenhun)

Stars of Chaos (Sha Po Lang)

Other titles:

Ballad of Sword and Wine (Qiang Jin Jiu) by Tang Jiuqing

I Ship My Rival x Me (Wo Kele Duijia x Wo de CP) manhua by PEPA

Run Wild (Saye) by Wu Zhe

The Disabled Tyrant's Beloved Pet Fish (Canji Baojun de Zhangxin Yu Chong) by Xue Shan Fei Hu

You've Got Mail: The Perils of Pigeon Post (Fei Ge Jiao You Xu Jin Shen) by Blackegg

Rosmei:

Rosmei licenses are Singapore distribution rights only. There is a list of international partners organizing group orders here. I've personally placed my orders through Yiggybean, as discussed in reply to this ask.

These titles are only being released as print editions.

Eta: titles that weren't originally on JJWXC (of which there are several here) WILL have e-book editions.

Ning Yuan titles:

BAIHE: At the World's Mercy by Ning Yuan

BAIHE (I think???) The Creator's Grace by Ning Yuan

priest titles:

Coins of Destiny (Liu Yao)

The Defectives (Can Ci Pin)

Drowning Sorrows in Raging Fire (Lie Huo Jiao Chou)

Other titles:

Albert from Earth by Jie Mo Jun

The Bat (Bian Fu) by Feng Nong

Breaking Through the Clouds (Po Yun) by Huai Shang

Don't You Like Me (Ni Shi Bushi Xihuan Wo) by Lv Tian Yi

The Earth is Online (Diqiu Shangxian) by Mo Chen Huan

Everyone Loves the Cannon Fodder (Chuan Cheng Wan Ren Mi de Paohui Zhuma) by Qie Zai Shan Yang

Global Examination (Qianqiu Gao Kao) by Mu Su Li

Gold Class Enforcers (Jinpai Dashou) by Pao Pao Xue Er

How to Survive as a Villain (Chuanyue Cheng Fanpai Yao Ruhe Huming) by Yi Yi Yi Yi

Kaleidoscope of Death (Siwang Wanhuatong) by Xi Zi Xu

The Killer of Killers (Sha Qing) by Wu Yi

Nan Chan by Tang Jiuqing

Obsessed (Ki Ma) by Wu Chen Shui

Wine and Gun (Jiu yu Qiang) by Mengye Mengye

Wow, You Guys are Really Good at Gaming (Nimen Nansheng Da Youxi Hao Lihai O~) by Yi Xiu Luo

Peach Flower House:

Peach Flower House titles are primarily for sale through their website and through some distributors, such as Amazon.com. Whether titles are e-book only, print only, or both varies by title.

Da Feng Gua Guo:

The Imperial Uncle (Huang Shu)

Peach Blossom Debt (Taohua Zhai)

Other Titles:

Golden Terrace (Huang Jin Tai) by Cang Wu Bin Bai

In the Dark (Zai Hei An Zhong) by Jin Shisi Chai

Little Mushroom (Xiao Mogu) by Shisi

University of the Underworld by Ziloi

Via Lactea:

The full list of danmei novels licensed by Via Lactea is here.

Via Lactea titles are primarily for sale through their website and through some distributors, such as Amazon.com. All titles are either print-only or e-book + print. Only a handful have actually been released, the rest are licensed and presumably in progress.

Jing Shui Bian titles:

Salad Days (Jing Jiu)

Silent Hearts (Mo Mai)

Other Titles:

Dawning (Liming Zhihou) by ICE

Euthanasia by Feng Su Jun

Falling (Luo Chi) by Yu Cheng

Psycho (Feng Zi) by Xiao Yao Zi

Limerence (Wo Xichen Ni Nan Pengyou Henjiule) by Jiang Zi Bei

Lip and Sword (Chun Qiang) by Jin Shisi Chai

The Missing Piece (Maoheshenli) by Kun Yi Wei Lou

Raising Myself in 2006 by Qing Lv

Rose and Renaissance (Wo Zhi Xihuan Ni de Renshe [Yule Quan]) by Zhi Chu

Killing Show (Sha Lu Xiu) by Fox

Soul Vibration (Linghun Saodong) by Dr.solo

To Rule in a Turbulent World (Luan Shi Wei Wang) by Gu Xuerou

Monogatari Novels:

It is unclear to me if Monogatari Novel titles are available for world-wide distribution, but there are group orders being organized or I think they can be ordered directly from their webpage; they are based in Spain. These titles can also be ordered from at least some major retailers. Note that there has been some controversy about Monogatari Novels.

BAIHE: A Clear and Muddy Loss of Love (Jing Wei Qing Shang) by Please Don't Laugh

BAIHE: Female General and Eldest Princess (NuJiangjun he Zhang Gongzhu) by Please Don't Laugh

How to Survive as a Villain (Chuan Yue Cheng Fanpai Yao Ru He Huo Ming) manhua by Yi Yi Yi Yi

The Legendary Master's Wife (Chuanshuo Zhi Zhu de Furen) by Yin Ya

The Silent Concubine (Ya Nu) by Qiang Tang

BAIHE: Soulmate manhua by Wenzhi Lizi

Aloha Comics:

A tiny, Hawaii-based press focusing on manhua. Titles appear to primarily be available through Diamond Comics. There are also pre-orders on Yiggybean. All of these are pre-orders, though the earliest are coming out by the end of April 2024 (about two weeks after when I'm posting this).

All these titles are manhua!

Day Off by Qing Cai

Here U Are by DJUN

Link Click by Li Haoling and Haoliners (not technically danmei!)

Nirvana in Fire (Lang Ya Bang) by Hai Yan (not technically danmei!)

Chaleuria:

As far as I can tell, Chaleuria has not updated their webpage since April 2023, so the current status of in-progress titles is unknown. All titles are digital and/or e-book, and I'm not sure how to purchase them as I haven't tried.

Complete Guide to the Use and Care of a Personal Assistant (Zhuli Shiyong Zhinan) by Why Radiance

Deep in the Act (Ru Xi) by Tongzi

Fake Slackers (Wei Zhuang Xue Zha) by Mu Gua Huang (no longer available)

From Body to Love (Leng Yan E Nan: Xian Shenhou Ai) by Wan Wan Yi Xia

Interstellar Power Couple (Xingji Qiangli Lianyin) by Kun Cheng Xiongmao (no longer available)

Intoxicated Friends (Zui Qing Zhi Pengyou) by Ye Shu Ying

The Long Chase for the President's Spouse (Zongcai Zhui Fu Lu Manman) by Three Thousand Crow Language

Reborn into a Hamster for 233 Days (Chong Shengcheng Cangshu de 233 Tian) by Yi Shu

Records of the Dragon Follower (Cong Long Ji) by Yueren Ge

Urban Tales of Demons and Spirits (Dushi Yaogui Lu) by Qie Er

World Hopping: Avenge Our Love (Ni Wufa Yuliao de Fenshou, Wo Du Neng Gei Ni Song Shang) by Xiaomao Bu Ai Jiao (no longer available)

Honorable Mentions:

There are a handful of titles I know of that are official translations of C Novels, where the C Novels aren't danmei or baihe but are often treated as adjacent within fandom (as in: I've seen people shipping characters from them, lol). I've included two above under the entry for titles from Aloha Comics (Link Click and Nirvana in Fire) and here are a couple others I currently know of:

The Grave Robbers' Chronicles (Daomu Biji) by Nanpai Sanshu (six volumes are available in English from Things Asian Press

The Legend of the Condor Heroes (She Diao Yingxiong Chuan) by Jin Yong from St. Martin's Press

Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi), attributed to Luo Guanzhong, available in multiple translations

The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants (Zonglie Xiayi Chuan), attributed to Shi Yukun, there are two translations to English listed at the linked Wikipedia page

Note that to the best of my knowledge both of these are considered very substandard translations. I've personally read the official DMBJ translations and... yeah... and I've heard the LOCH translation is also mediocre.

I will add to the "Honorable Mentions" list if I find any other more mainstream titles with official translations.

Please don't come at me for including a couple classics. The characters shippable, what can I do? I've written fic for Romance of the Three Kingdoms...

A handful of other licenses are mentioned on the Carrd I linked at the beginning of this post; I have no idea the status of those titles and wasn't able to find information on them while putting together this post other than what was listed on that Carrd, so I've omitted them.

As a final note, I've personally purchased from every printer on this list EXCEPT Monogatari Novels (I'm holding off because of the controversy and will see how things play out) and Chaleuria (which I vaguely knew existed but nothing beyond that).

Seven Seas translation varies but the editing is general strong and the editions are sturdy and nice. Extras that have come with final volumes are lovely. I am buying literally everything they publish except for You've Got Mail, due to information about the author that was shared with me that the author is a transphobe. Note that Kinnporsche by Daemi is not danmei as it's Thai (and I've heard unsavory things about the author - I don't have a link for that as the information was shared with me on Discord, and I encourage you to do your own research rather than taking my word for it). No judgement if you make a different choice than me, to be clear, I'm just sharing the information I have and why I personally am not buying the books). Note that Seven Seas isn't without controversy, especially for treating their contractors poorly resulting in them unionizing. Some people have also been unhappy with the fidelity of their translations compared to the original Chinese (I've been satisfied personally but ymmv).

Peach Flower House has inconsistent inconsistent editing quality, but the books are very readable, and I'm excited that they're working with translators such as E. Danglars. I haven't bought any of their special editions so can't speak to their extras, but I've bought all their print translations and will continue to do so going forward.

I just got my first title from Via Lactea last week and finished reading it on Sunday, and the translation read very well and there were minimal errors. It also came with a bundle of cute extras, which I wasn't expecting and pleased, and writing this post has caused me to cave and spend $150 to buy the rest of their books. Thank you, tax refund. (Should I spend this money? No. Did I anyway? ...)

No Rosmei titles have actually shipped yet, so I can't speak to their quality, though the previews they've shared on social media (as outlined here, for example) read decently and I'm optimistic. The cover art is also lovely, and they've been communicative and responsive, for example they've already issued a statement related to a recent controversy over perceived poor marketing for At the World's Mercy.

Tl:dr, the above is absolutely everything I personally know about mlm and wlw Chinese novels and manhua that have been licensed for English publication. I hope it helps someone.

Now go forth, and buy some books!

#danmei #baihe #mxtx #priest #priest novels #tang jiuqing #mu su li #meng xi shi #yi yi yi yi #this probably needs a billion other tags but oh well #i've been meaning to write something like this for ages #like there's literally a similar post saved in my drafts #but apparently today is the day i don't have the willpower to not #as also evidenced by my literally buying some of these books while in the middle of putting the post together lmao #i broke a windshield wiper on sunday and SHOULD spend money fixing that instead but here we are #at least it's the passenger side wiper???#anyway as always just tryin to do my part to get people to read more than just mxtx #not that i don't love mxtx #but please guys there's so much amazing stuff out there READ MORE BOOKS

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two-white-butterflies · 9 months

Text

old money | carlos sainz

Description: He falls in love with a crazy rich asian.

Pairing: carlos sainz/heiress!reader

taglist form

Carlos Sainz never felt nervous when he attended press conferences. He never felt nervous before a race - but he felt nervous meeting your family. He grew up in Spain, he's raised in a European way - and you always told him that the Asian way was different.

"Carlito, they'll love you." you comforted him while taking a casual sip of your champagne. He was surprised to enter the airport and find out that his first class seats were upgraded to business class. Courtesy of who your family was. "I don't know how to act around them." he buried his face in the plane provided pillow.

"Hey, we practiced this a thousand times." you added with a playful smile. Your family was going to love him. Yes, he was an outsider but he played a sport that they could actually boast - unlike your sister's boyfriend that was always on reserve. "I'm so nervous," he chuckled.

Carlossainz55: MAD🇪🇸 to SIN🇸🇬 ✈️

1283 comments 238,233 likes

ketchupmustard67: Ariana what r u doing here 😭

kelseyjaja: OMG YOUR IN SINGAPORE???? AAAAAAA

Carlos couldn't believe that you were this rich. He always assumed that money wasn't a problem with you - but he didn't realize that money will never be a problem to you. He tried to buy an apartment in Singapore a few years ago - but he turned it down after realizing how much it costed. After stepping inside your family's penthouse. He couldn't believe how much it costed.

"You're early," your mother smiled - wrapping you in a warm embrace. "Yes, I was under the impression that there's going to be a flight delay - but thank god that there wasn't one." you mumbled, breaking free from her vice-like grip. You leaned into Carlos' body. Placing a hand around his back while you pushed him closer to your mother.

"This is my boyfriend, Carlos." you greeted and he was quick to mumble strings of appreciation. He complimented the house - then your mother's outfit. He was getting all the brownie points.

He let out a sigh of relief when your mother welcomed him inside. He removed his shoes, thanking the maid when she handed him a clean pair of plastic slippers. "We bought this house shortly after Y/N went to college. She's the last one to leave the nest. I was happy because we could finally buy nice things." your mother took a jab at you.

"Feel at home, dinner will start soon." she smiled, leaving the both of you while she walked inside the kitchen.

Carlos was awe-struck.

He adored your mansion in Turks and Caicos. He adored your endless rants about how Bruce Willis used to own the island, but now he couldn't help but adore you. He couldn't help but believe that he was making the right choice - you were humble. He liked that.

"The entire apartment is wow," he whispered in your ears.

"Yep, mama got some help. My grandmother's sister-in-law is an interior designer - but I kinda wished that she asked for my help." you giggled, leaning deeper into his touch.

mysecretaccount55: he met mama's crusty musty dog.

9 comments 192 likes

frederic.arnault: his name is oreo ! - mysecretaccount55: wow i didn't know that 🤣

cheskaarnault: Will be there soon. Please tell mama to wait for us. Sun is still out, dinner is at seven. - mysecretaccount55: nah y u starving me.

notcarlossainz55: Oreo bites 😂 - mysecretaccount55: he has no teeth

Your family was the black sheep of the old money community. You were the only family that seemed to be private and public at the same time. It all started when your older sister, Cheska, married that Arnault guy - it was all anyone could talk about. From Brunei to Palau - all they could talk about was how Frederic's family was the opposite of humble.

'The boy has money, but they're too showy with their wealth.'

'Money can't buy name.'

Your parents assumed that the last hurrah would come from your younger sister, who is currently engaged to a mid-tier basketball player. But they were wrong - because Carlos Sainz was about to enter the frame.

"You play for Ferrari, right?" Frederic inquired while the music faded in the background. "Yes, you were there last time right?" your boyfriend inquired, memorizing Max's complaints about some stuck-up rich dude. "Ahh, oui. It was fun." the man nodded.

"He's not even that kind of french." your younger sister whispers.

You couldn't help but giggle.

Oh, this was going to be eventful.

"That went well," you hummed - walking out of your parent's apartment with newfound joy. "Tiring but surprisingly well," he placed your hand in his pocket.

"I had fun." he smiled.

#carlos sainz x reader #carlos sainz #c55 #carlos sainz social media au #carlos sainz x reader social media au #f1 social media au

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apricitystudies · 1 year

Text

what i read in jan. 2023:

(previous editions) bold = favourite

class, race, & labour

why memphis is different (usa)

'the goal is to automate us': welcome to the age of surveillance capitalism

the gentrification of consciousness

corky lee and the work of seeing (usa)

gender, sexuality, & intersectionality

what fandom racism looks like: (not-so) sexy slavefic

women at the barricades

how the ‘rugby rape trial’ divided ireland

trans woman tells us stories of a wilder bugis street (singapore)

the narcissism of angry young men

the realtor fighting for public housing for singapore’s lgbtq+ community

politics & current affairs

what brazil's failed coup means for the future of its democracy

sicily's rich olive pickings - the fruit of italy's migrant exploitation

global firms help myanmar's military make weapons, says report

there’s no planet b

shadow diplomats have posed a threat for decades. governments looked the other way

history, culture, & media

singapore’s lion dancers are international winners. yet national support eludes them

from inboxing to thought showers: how business bullshit took over

the strangely beautiful experience of google reviews

chinese new year reminded me why i love my grandmother

it never existed

#studyblr #studyspo #academia #university #productivity #student #studying #reading list #reading lists #myresources

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script-a-world · 1 month

Text

Submitted via Google Form:

Do you have any ideas on how to world build a massive overpopulated city but it isn't dirty or in shambles. Basically, everything is neat, clean and works well. Just a massive population density. I'm thinking 30k people per km2 with a total area of 1200km2. When I find images or descriptions of such high density populations I often see buildings that kind of look all rundown and slummy (not to mention high crime rates and poor if not in poverty) Or is that like.. impossible if you have such a massive crowd in one spot?

Tex: “Overpopulated” implies “more residents than the infrastructure can accommodate”. What’s considered dirty or in shambles is the result of a garbage disposal system that isn’t structured to the amount of residents + guests (tourists, relatives, holiday-goers, etc). To have a city or other area properly equipped with the amount of employees to maintain sanitation and employees to repair buildings degrading over time, it must have properly-allocated funds, and enough of it. This is at its core a governance and taxation issue, not a morality issue of “just don’t make it dirty”. Crime and poverty are the natural result of neglect by one’s government, both at a local and larger level, which requires a lot of forethought in the amount of space an individual needs to live in private and public spaces.

Utuabzu: I’m going to assume you want a prosperous city with very high density. Happily for you, there are many examples of this in the real world. Density occurs when the demand for living/working space in an area is greater than the physical space available, meaning it is worthwhile to create more space by building upwards. This naturally occurs in the centres of all cities, because proximity to one another is a big draw for both people and organisations. In the absence of any limiting factors, this is usually counterbalanced by cost making it cheaper to build outwards and simply accept longer travel times, resulting in a relatively gradual gradient of density from rural periphery to urban core.

You get greater density when there are limiting factors on outward expansion. These can be geographic, like in the case of Singapore, Hong Kong and Manhattan (all islands), legal, like in the case of Vancouver, London and many other cities (laws and policies preserving green belts or valuable farmland), or political, such as was the case for Hong Kong and still is for Singapore (an international border acting as a constraint). Often it’s more than one of these. While places like Kowloon Walled City can exist - and it in particular is a very interesting case study in urban form - for the most part very high density occurs when people want to live and work somewhere, which usually means it’s a pretty nice place to be (at least in comparison to the other options anyway). Tokyō is the world’s largest city, with 36 million people (11 million more than the entire continent of Australia), but I don’t think I’ve ever heard anyone accuse it of being dirty or in a shambles.

It is also worth noting that density doesn’t necessarily look like skyscrapers towering overhead. Paris has a population density of almost 25k/km² when one excludes the outlying woodland park areas, and is predominantly mid-rise buildings. The 11th Arrondissement of Paris outdoes what you ask for, with a population density just under 40k/km², and is mostly historic midrise buildings. Other European cities like Barcelona, Naples and Thessaloniki have a similar development pattern, largely due to having been built mostly before elevators existed or were commonplace, which naturally limited building heights to around 5 to 6 floors (any higher becoming increasingly impractical for the sheer number of stairs).

Feral: The International Residential Code has the minimum size required for a house to be 120 sq ft/11.1 sq m. That’s a pretty standard secondary bedroom size in suburban USA. Your population density would have one person per 33.3 sq meters, which sounds great except that doesn’t account for any non-residential use space. Given your desire for the entire city to be exceptionally well-maintained, free of crime, and presumably a wonderful place to live, that means you need great air quality, multiple green spaces, art, food, entertainment. And your city’s overall size is massive. It’s 20.5 times the size of Manhattan, 11.3x the size of Paris, and 1.6x the size of Singapore - to name a few of the cities brought up in previous answers. This kind of sprawl does not make for good urbanization - just ask the city of Los Angeles, which is almost exactly the same overall size as what you’re aiming for but has a tenth of the density.

A few articles to get you started on density, urbanization, and sprawl:

Cities Really Can Be Both Denser and Greener by Emma Marris

Is There a Perfect Density? By Michael Lewyn

When is density good, and when is it harmful to cities? By Philip Langdon

Making cities more dense always sparks resistance. Here’s how to overcome it. By David Roberts

#google submitted #cities #architecture

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chinesehanfu · 1 year

Photo

[Hanfu · 漢服]Chinese Early Qing Dynasty Traditional Clothing & Qingming Festival/清明節

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Han ethnic Women's attire & Hairstyle ”Peony Head (牡丹头) in the Early Qing Dynasty

Han ethnic Women's attire and hairstyle in the early Qing Dynasty was not like men that force to change by the Qing government. Women's attire and hairstyle were not particularly different from late Ming Dynasty.

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【Qingming Festival/清明節】

The Qingming festival or Ching Ming Festival,also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day in English (sometimes also called Chinese Memorial Day, Ancestors' Day, the Clear Brightness Festival, or the Pure Brightness Festival), is a traditional Chinese festival observed by ethnic Chinese in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.

During Qingming, Chinese families visit the tombs of their ancestors to clean the gravesites and make ritual offerings to their ancestors. Offerings would typically include traditional food dishes and the burning of joss sticks and joss paper.The holiday recognizes the traditional reverence of one's ancestors in Chinese culture.

The origins of the Qingming Festival go back more than 2500 years, although the observance has changed significantly. It became a public holiday in mainland China in 2008, where it is associated with the consumption of qingtuan,green dumplings made of glutinous rice and Chinese mugwort or barley grass.

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【Qingming Festival Customs: 插柳/戴柳 put willow/wearing willow 】

“清明不插柳，红颜变皓首”：

As the saying goes, it means in Qingming Festival, in the first ten days of March of the lunisolar calendar every year, is the day when traditional customs go to graves to worship ancestors. According to the old custom, when returning from worshiping ancestors during the Qingming Festival, people have to break off willow branches and wear them on head.It is said that if people don’t do this, young people will become old people with white hair.

According to the "Qing Jialu/清嘉录" written by Gu Lu of the Qing Dynasty：

「清明日，滿街叫賣楊柳，人家買之插於門上，農人以插柳日晴雨佔水旱，若雨，主水。」

every Qingming Festival, "willows are sold all over the street, and people buy them and put them on the door.

Q:why wearing willow or put willow on the door?

Jia Sixie(贾思勰)of the Northern Wei Dynasty(386－535) said in "Qi Min Yao Shu/齐民要术": “取柳枝著户上，百鬼不入家。”

“Take the willow and put it on the door/house, and a hundred ghosts will not enter the house”

It is said that a hundred spirits come out on Qingming Festival, and people need to worship their ancestors while carefully keep a certain distance from other spirits and keep them out of house. Willow has become a weapon for people to avoid evil spirits and protect people from them.

The custom is still widespread in parts of China especially Wudi(吴地) area： area in the south of the Yangtze River

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In ancient times, there were many interesting Qingming Festival customs. Apart from visit the tombs of their ancestors to clean the gravesites and make ritual offerings to their ancestors, there were also a series of custom sports activities such as spring outing, swinging, Cuju (蹴鞠：is an ancient Chinese ball game） , playing polo etc.

_______

🧚🏻‍Recreation Work：@吃货娃娃

🔗Weibo：https://weibo.com/1868003212/MAyid6Mtv

_______

#Chinese Hanfu #hanfu #early qing dynasty #Ming Dynasty #Late Ming Period #Qingming Festival/清明節 #Chinese Culture #chinese customs #hanfu accessories #chinese traditional clothing #chinese #chinese historical fashion #historical fashion #吃货娃娃 #插柳/戴柳

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centrally-unplanned · 5 months

Note

VOR of... *spins the wheel*... Dwight Eisenhower, William Wilberforce, Lee Kuan Yew.

Dwight Eisenhower: Low confidence here, but I would say low VOR, probably C Tier. He definitely was "very good" at consensus management, but that was done during an era of good feelings towards the idea - and punishment at the ballot box for radicalism, particularly in 1954. Ending the Korea war was something most would have done (the process started under Truman) and based more on Soviet & Chinese exhaustion, the highway system was conceived of under FDR, and the details were primarily threshed out by others like Lucius Clay, Eisenhower wasn't a visionary on. His foreign policy 'achievements' are again spotty, with real attempts at things like Soviet rapproachment fizzling out. NASA funding was consensus. And so on.

Its almost not his fault, this was an era of American economic prosperity and plentiful resources for investments into obvious projects, and strong bipartisan consensus. It had its share of drama and fights, don't get me wrong, but none that I think he tipped the scales on that matter.

William Wilberforce: I don't know enough about him! I have never dug in detail into the British abolitionist movement compared to the US side - that is a gap, I should do so.

Lee Kuan Yew: He is probably overrated! Still strong of course, A-, but two things I think. First, the foundation of Singapore was a chaotic mess - it was part of Malaysia for a few years! Which Lee Kuan Yew led the effort to achieve! Then it backfired and was forced to secede. Those early years were a lot of actors in the pool, LKY certainly was a big one but he wasn't implementing some unitary vision. Secondly, when you hear about the policy visions of Singapore, its a lot of "oh and then Lee Kuan Yew implemented the public housing projects yadda yadda" but from my view it was way more often the party apparatus coming to a decision on that and him agreeing with that consensus. He sort of gets credit as the mouthpiece of the party, but he wasn't as active as one might think. I would like to dig into this more though, admittedly

His A- does have to come from his party leadership - the PAP was not the ordained-from-on-high ruling party of Singapore. LKY started out hustling trade unionist votes in his first election, he would organize elaborate smear campaigns against opponents, or employ legal tricks to monopolize air time on the radio for his own faction. In 1961 the left-wing faction of PAP was expelled by Lee to push the party right and monopolize his control - which he did while being secretly allied with the Communist Party of Malaysia!

So he certainly played a unique role in building monopoly power in Singapore; I just don't think he is a visionary on what to do with that power the way some other leaders in history have been.

#vor debates

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southeastasianists · 6 days

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A set of tunnels puzzling Singapore, sparking numerous conspiracy theories about its origins since the late 20th century, has its mystery finally cracked. Located on Admiralty Road West and Marsiling Crescent, the World War II-era tunnels have remained hidden from sight since the British left Singapore.

Since the tunnels' discovery in the 2000s, multiple theories have been proposed about their origins. Some thought the tunnels led to Johor, or housed an underground facility for a nearby mental hospital. The most compelling theory was that the tunnel had been an underground oil storage facility built by the Asiatic Petroleum Company (APC) for a British Royal Navy base. A 1945 map showed the location of Woodlands North Depot, once operated by APC, on the exact location of the tunnels.

At an impressive 54 square kilometers, Her Majesty’s Naval Base occupied almost 10 percent of Singapore’s land size in the 1940s and was formerly the largest British military base in Asia. The former base is now home to Sembawang Park and Woodlands Waterfront Park.

While the evidence was compelling, the theory was slightly off. By obtaining information from disclosed documents, British Wartime Intelligence Reports, and the U.K.’s National Archives, Singapore’s National Heritage Board solved the mystery of the Marsiling Tunnels' true origin and purpose. They have been verified as a pre-WWII fuel reserve depot utilized by the Royal Air Force, not the British Royal Navy.

During their occupation of Singapore, the Imperial Japanese Army utilized the tunnels as an oil storage facility. According to a 1944 British intelligence report, the tunnels were renovated to have five large tanks, increasing their capacity by over 5,250 tons.

In 2014, on the 72nd anniversary of the Battle of Singapore, the tunnels opened to the public for the first time. The National Heritage Board offered guided tours to show how the British surrendered to Singapore to the Japanese. These tours also included important historical locations like Opium Hill and Tiong Bahru Air Raid Shelter. Today, most entrances have been sealed and are closed to the public, but a small entrance found by local explorers remains open.

#Southeast Asia #Singapore

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upismediacenter · 14 days

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OPINION: 100% Banyagang kapital, Bagsak ang mga mag-aaral

Photo credit: Anna Gabrielle Dalet

“The 1987 Constitution was not written for the globalized world,” iyan ang pangunahing rason ni Pangulong Ferdinand “Bongbong” R. Marcos Jr. para sa economic charter change (Cha-Cha) ng Pambansang Konstitusyon ng 1987 na ipinapanukala ngayon ng parehong kapulungan ng Kongreso.

Upang makamit ang globalized world na ito, nais pahintulutan ng administrasyon ang 100% foreign ownership sa mga institusyon ng edukasyon, advertisement firms, at public utilities ng Pilipinas. Ayon sa mga tagasuporta ng Cha-Cha, sa ganitong paraan makakahabol ang ekonomiya ng Pilipinas na matagal nang nahuhuli sa pandaigdigang merkado.

Idinadahilan nila ang kakulangan ng Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) sa Pilipinas bilang rason kung bakit naghihirap ang bansa. Ayon sa kanila, kung ikukumpara sa mga kalapit nating bansa katulad ng Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia at Vietnam, mababa ang ating FDI; at dahil doon, lugmok ang ating ekonomiya.

Ngunit kontra rito, mas mataas pa rin ang ating FDI kaysa sa pinagsama-samang FDI ng Cambodia, Myanmar at Lao PDR. Kamakailan lang, inulat din ng Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) na 27.8% ang itinaas ng FDI noong Nobyembre 2023 kumpara noong Nobyembre 2022. Kung kaya’t ang tanong: bakit isinusulong pa ang economic charter change?

Sa ganitong punto, makikita ang pagkukulang ng Cha-Cha at ng mga nagsusulong nito. Bukod sa mga kontradiksyon sa kanilang argumento, naghihirap pa rin ang sambayanang Pilipino kahit nagkakaroon ng upward trend ang FDI natin. Ayon sa ulat ng IBON, 75% o tinatayang 20.6 milyong pamilyang Pilipino ang lubog sa kahirapan.

Maliban pa rito, hindi rin angkop na gamitin ang FDI bilang sukatan ng kaunlaran dahil ang ipinapakita lang nito ay ang dami ng foreign investments. Malinaw na hindi ito nangangahulugang maayos na ang ating mga pampublikong serbisyo o walang paghihirap na nararanasan ang pangkaraniwang Pilipino.

Kailangan alalahanin na sa panghihikayat ng mga foreign investors na mamuhunan sa Pilipinas, ang potensyal para sa kita at expansion ang nagsisilbing pangunahing pakay. Kapalit nito ang pangako ng inobasyon at pagsasaayos ng ating mga industriya at ekonomiya. Ngunit dahil nagsisilbing itong investment, ang prayoridad ng mga investors ay kumita. Sa kabila ng kanilang pangako ng kaunlaran, ang kanilang pagpapakahulugan sa “pag-unlad” ay nakaangkla sa kanilang mga layunin at karanasan, hindi sa kalagayan ng bayan.

Sa usapan ng kasalakuyang Cha-Cha, malinaw na malaking kontradiksyon ang lente ng pagnenegosyo na ito sa pampublikong serbisyo at institusyon ng edukasyon na ang pangunahing layunin ay magsilbi sa sambayanang Pilipino. Kung ilalagay natin sa kamay ng mga banyaga ang ating mga paaralan, ang iiral sa silid-aralan ay ang pagpaparami ng kapital sa pandaigdigang merkado kaysa sa ating sariling kasaysayan at bayan. Ang tanging makikinabang dito ay ang mga dayuhang kapitalista at muling mapag-iiwanan ang masang Pilipino.

Noong Disyembre 14, anim na buwan mula noong naluklok bilang pangulo si Marcos Jr., inanunsyo ng House Committee on Constitutional Amendments ang plano nitong talakayin ang charter change pagkatapos ng holiday break ng Kongreso. Naganap ang unang pagpupulong para sa Cha-Cha ng administrasyon noong Enero 26, 2023. Sa loob ng 16 buwan, mangilan-ngilang bersyon at hearings na rin ang isinagawa upang itaguyod ang pagsasabatas nito. Ngunit, sa kabila ng lahat ng panahon at pakikipagtalastasan, isinasawalang-bahala ng pamahalaan ang taong bayan sa usapan ng pagbabago ng Saligang Batas. Ayon sa isang sarbey ng Pulse Asia noong Marso 27, three-fourths ng mga respondents ang umaamin na sila ay may “little to no knowledge about the 1987 Constitution.” Kasama na rito ang kung paano isinasagawa ang charter change.

Nakakaalarma ito dahil dapat pinagtutuunan ng pansin ang Konstitusyon at kung ano mang rebisyon ang nais gawin dito lalo na sa konteksto ng ating kasaysayan. Maaaring samantalahin ang kakulangan sa impormasyong ito upang basta-bastang baguhin ang Saligang Batas ayon sa interes ng iilan.

Ang Cha-Chang nais isabatas ngayon ng administrasyong Marcos ay isang amendment sa Konstitusyon. Nilalayon nilang dagdagan ang Artikulo 12, 14, at 16 ng “unless otherwise provided by law.” Sa pamamagitan ng pagdaragdag ng sugnay na ito, mabibigyan ng kapangyarihan ang mga mambabatas na piliin ang mga institusyong maaaring maging 100% foreign-owned. Dito pa lang ay malinaw na maaari itong abusuhin at maging breeding ground ng korapsyon.

Dagdag dito, sadyang mahal ang economic charter change. Sa katotohana’y binigyan na ng Kongreso ang Commission on Elections (COMELEC) ng badyet na PHP 14 bilyon upang isagawa ang eleksyong plebisito, ngunit naniniwala sila na hindi pa ito sapat. Nangangailangan pa ng karagdagang PHP 12 bilyon hanggang PHP 13 bilyon upang maisagawa ito. “The COMELEC will have a financial crisis just in case a national plebiscite materializes this year,” sabi ng executive director na si Teopisto Elnas Jr.

Suhestiyon naman ni Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos Jr. na kung magkakaroon ng eleksyong plebisito, mas mainam ang dual vote na magaganap sa Mayo 12 sa susunod na taon, kasabay ng eleksyon sa 2024. “Dahil kung paghihiwalayin natin ‘yang election saka ‘yung plebiscite, parang dalawang eleksyon ‘yun e, napakamahal,” amin ng presidente. Ngunit, hindi pa rin nito isinasaalang-alang ang dagdag na materyales, kawani, at makinarya na kinakailangan—sumabay man ito sa isa pang eleksyon o hindi.

Bukod dito, nagkakaroon din ng imbestigasyon patungkol sa posibleng panunuhol sa pagsasagawa ng People’s Initiative. Sa unang bahagi ng Enero, ang mga nilagdaang dokumentong sumasang-ayon sa pag-amyenda sa Konstitusyon ay nagsimula nang kumalat. Ayon kay Albay 1st District Representative Edcel Lagman, mayroong ilang mga mayor na nakatanggap ng mobilization funds na nanggaling sa Ako Bicol partylist coordinators upang makakuha ng suporta sa petisyon. “Voters who would sign the petition or people’s initiative will be given PHP 100 each,” ani ni Lagman. Ito’y tinanggi ng Ako Bicol Representative na si Jil Bongalon at ng presidente ng League of Municipalities of the Philippines-Albay Chapter na si Raymond Adrian Salceda.

Hindi lamang umano sa Albay naganap ang sinasabing vote-buying. Ayon sa Kabataan Partylist, mayroong “template form” na ginagamit upang mangolekta ng mga lagda para sa People’s Initiative. Sabi pa ni Imee Marcos, “PHP 20 million total kada distrito ang inaalok, meron pa akong narining ‘nung malaking siyudad na pinangakuan din ng ganoon at ang sabi magproduce kayo ng 20,000 signatures by January 13.”

Mayroon ding nadagdag na PHP 26.7 bilyon na pondo sa naaprubahang 2024 badyet ng Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) na dapat para sa Ayuda sa Kapos ang Kita Program (AKAP), na ayon kay Sen. Imee Marcos ay ginamit din na panuhol para sa People’s Initiative. Ang lalong nakababahala ay tila sorpresa ang ilang bilyon na ito, hindi lang sa Senado na nag-apruba ng badyet, kundi pati na rin sa DSWD. Ayon nga kay DSWD Undersecretary Fatima Aliah Dimaporo, ang PHP 26.7 bilyon ay isang “happy surprise.”

Bilyong-bilyong pera ang ginagastos para sa paglelehitimo ng charter change na dapat ilaan na lamang sa mga sektor na “nilalayon nitong paunlarin” tulad na lamang ng sektor ng edukasyon. Malinaw sa lahat ng pondong winaldas na sinasayang lang ng Cha-Cha ang oras at pera ng bayan at ang kinabukasan ng milyon-milyong kabataang Pilipino.

Lugmok na lugmok ang estado ng ating sistema ng edukasyon dahil sa pagsasawalambahala ng gobyerno. Hindi rin maikokonsidera ang 100% foreign ownership bilang solusyon dahil sa mahabang kasaysayan ng dayuhang impluwensiya sa ating edukasyon na nagdulot ng negatibong epekto sa kalagayan ng karaniwang mamamayang Pilipino.

“90% of Filipino children aged 10 struggle to read or understand simple text,” ayon kay Prop. Portia Padilla ng UP College of Education. Ngunit hindi lamang mga kabataan ang mababa ang reading comprehension. Ayon sa parehong pag-aaral, 200 na guro mula sa Bangsamoro Region na kasali sa programa para sa pagbabasa ng Department of Education (DepEd) ang nakakuha ng gradong “below 50% in reading comprehension.”

Maraming rasong makapagpapaliwanag sa mababang reading comprehension ng mga Pilipino. Maaari nating isipin ito bilang siklo kung saan ang mga guro at mag-aaral ay kapwa kulang ng kinakailangang kasanayan. Subalit, ang pinakamalaking salik ay ang pagpapahalaga ng ating gobyerno at mga paaralan sa wikang Ingles. Sa unang State of the Nation Address (SONA) ni Pangulong Marcos Jr., binanggit nito ang importansya ng marketability natin bilang isang “English-speaking people” sa pandaigdigang merkado. Bunsod nito, nais ng pangulo isulong ang Ingles bilang midyum ng pagtuturo.

Matagal nang mahigpit ang hawak ng wikang Ingles sa edukasyong Pilipino. Simula pa noong pananakop ng mga Amerikano, ginagawang simbolo ng “karunungan” at ng pagiging “maabilidad” ang pagkabihasa sa Ingles. Dahil dito, naisasantabi ang iba pang wika sa Pilipians. Ayon kay Leila Areola, Director IV ng Curriculum and Instruction sa DepEd Bureau of Learning Delivery, na 78,872 lamang sa target na 305,099 na guro ang trained sa paggamit ng mother tongue bilang midyum ng instruksyon.

Kapalit ng paggamit ng wikang hindi atin para sa pandaigdigang merkado, nawawala sa pagsasalin ang ganap na pag-unawa at pagpapalalim ng mga konseptong dapat nakalapat sa karanasang Pilipino. Masasabing kapareho nito ng ideolohiya ang Cha-Cha kung saan nauuna ang marketability at napag-iiwanan ang ipinapangakong pag-unlad.

Dahil dito, hindi maipagkakailang maapektuhan din ng 100% foreign ownership ang karunungan ng mga mag-aaral na magbasa at magsulat sa sarili nilang wika. Sa mas matinding presensya ng mga dayuhan sa ating mga paaralan, lalong maisasantabi ang Filipino. Mananatiling midyum ng instruksyon ang wika ng mga banyagang nagmamay-ari ng ating mga paaralan. Kahit manatili mang asignatura ang Filipino, hindi sila bihasa sa ating wika at kasaysayan kaya’t sinong makakapagsabi na mabibigyan nila ng hustisya ito?

Ganito rin ang alalahanin sa magiging epekto ng dayuhang presensya sa kasalukuyang kurikulum. Wala pa nga sa kanilang kamay ang ating mga paaralan ay matagal nang binabastardo ang ating mga aralin upang iangat ang naratibo ng mga korap at abusado. Halimbawa nito ang baliktad na kwento at kulang-kulang na impormasyon na tinuturo sa mga estudyante patungkol sa mga pang-aabuso sa ilalim ng diktadurya ni Ferdinand Marcos Sr. Bunsod ng isang memorandum ng Bureau of Curriculum Development (BCD) ng DepEd, ginawang “Diktadura” imbis na “Diktaduryang Marcos” ang pangalan sa yugto ng Batas Militar.

Patuloy na umuulit ang kamalian ng ating kasaysayan noon dahil itinatanggi at binabaluktot ito ng sistema. Mula pagkabata, tinuturuan ang mga Pilipino ng mali at kulang-kulang na impormasyon tungkol sa diktadura ni Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos Sr.. Parehong-pareho lang ito sa mga paaralan at konserbatoryong itinayo ng mga banyaga noon na nagtuturo ng “malinis na bersyon” ng paghahari. Kaya hanggang ngayon, inaaral pa rin ng mga bata ang mga “kabutihang dala” ng pananakop ng mga Espanyol, Amerikano, at Hapon. Sinong makapagsasabi na hindi ito gagawin ng mga foreign investors, lalo na’t sila na ang nagmamay-ari ng ating mga eskwelahan?

Ngunit, ang pinakamalaking sala ng ating sistema ng edukasyon ay ang pilosopiya ng ating pamahalaan na “Basta nakakapasok ang estudyante.” Halimbawa nito ang No-Fail Policy na umiral noong kasagsagan ng Covid-19. Nais pa rin ng DepEd at CHEd na ituloy noon ang akademikong taon sa harap ng pandemya at ito ang nagsisilbing “solusyon.” Sa halip na tugunan ang krisis sa mental health ng kabataan, binigyan na lang nila ito ng band-aid solution sa pangakong hindi sila babagsak basta’t pumasok sila. Mayroon namang mga batang natulungan ng polisiya: basta’t tapusin lang nila ang kanilang mga gawaing pampaaralan, matiwasay na silang makakaakyat sa susunod na baitang. Ngunit, ipinapakita nitong iba ang prayoridad ng gobyerno patungkol sa ating edukasyon. Malinaw na sinisigurado lang ng ating sistema ng edukasyon ang regular na pagpasok ng mga mag-aaral at ang kanilang pagtapos sa pag-aaral sa lalong madaling panahon. Ang kurikulum natin ay nagsisilbi na lang checklist kaysa sa gabay sa pagtuturo. Dahil dito mas umaangat ang pagsasaulo ng impormasyon kaysa sa pagpapalalim ng pag-uunawa. Ayon kay Cynthia Bautista, EDCOM 2 adviser at dating dean ng UP Diliman College of Social Sciences and Philosophy (CSSP), ang ganitong pag-uugali ang bumubuo sa reputasyon ng ating mga paaralan bilang mga diploma mills. Bunsod nito, ang maakit din natin na paaralan mula sa mga dayuhang kapitalista ay kapwa diploma mills rin. Sa madaling salita, ang sisiguraduhin lang ng mga foreign investors ay ang bare minimum dahil ito ang nakikita nila mula sa ating pamahalaan. Dagdag dito, di hamak na mas maliit ang kinakailangang puhunan para sa mga paaralang bare minimum. Kahit ano man ang kalidad ng edukasyon, hanggang may mga mag-aaral na pumasok at makapagtapos, kikita sila.

Isa pang problema na kinakaharap sa ating institusyong pang-edukasyon ay ang mababang sahod ng mga guro. “The current salary level of teachers and other workers in government is not livable,” sinabi ni Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT) Partylist Chairperson Vladimir Quetua. Ang sahod ng mga guro sa mga pampublikong paaralan ay PHP 36,000 lamang, habang ang mga guro naman sa mga pribadong paaralan ay sumasahod nang mas mababa sa halagang PHP 27,000. Sa patuloy na lumalalang “inflation, hindi ito sasapat sa lahat ng mga gastusin, lalo na ng mga may sari-sariling pamilyang binubuhay. At kung hindi sapat ang pagpapasahod ng mga pribadong paaralan natin ngayong investors pa lang ang mga dayuhan, paano pa kaya kung kanila na ang buong pagmamay-ari sa mga ito?

Ang lalo pang nakapanghihinayang ay mayroon nang mga panukalang batas ukol sa pagtaas ng sahod ng mga guro na hindi lang binibigyang-pansin ng gobyerno, tulad ng Senate Bill No. 4 at Senate Bill No. 1164. Ang Senate Bill No. 1610 naman ay ukol sa pagbibigay-daan sa mataas na kalidad ng pagtuturo sa state universities at ibang mga kolehiyo sa pamamagitan ng pagbigay ng libreng tuition. Dagdag dito, kung ikukumpara sa ating mga kapitbahay, kakarampot lang na pondo ang nilalaan natin sa edukasyon kada taon. Inilaan ng gobyerno ang 3.6% Gross Domestic Product (GDP) sa edukasyon mula 2014 hanggang 2022. Noong 2017 naitala ang pinakamataas na budget na umabot sa 3.9% GDP. Subalit, maliit ito kumpara sa Vietnam at Malaysia na naglaan ng 4.2% ng GDP at sa Singapore na naglaan ng 25.8% ng GDP noong 2018. Dahil dito, makikita natin na ang pag-amyenda sa 1987 Konstitusyon ang kanilang pangunahing layunin, hindi ang pagpapaunlad ng kalagayang pang-edukasyon ng ating bansa.

Hindi uunlad at magkakaroon ng matinong edukasyon ang Pilipinas kung patuloy na isusulong ang privatization ng mga paaralan. Ayon sa ulat ng IBON Foundation Setyembre 2023, 13.2 milyong “self-rated” na pamilya o 48% ng pangkalahatang populasyon sa Pilipinas noong ay nagmumula sa mahirap na pamilya. Dagdag pa rito, 18.2 milyon o 67% ng sambahayan ay mababa ang savings sa ikatlong kwarter ng 2023. Mula sa mga nabanggit na datos, masasabi nating ang karamihan sa mga Pilipino ay hindi makatatanggap ng matinong edukasyon hangga’t sila ay mahirap, at ang gobyerno ay patuloy na inaprayoridad ang pagtataguyod ng mga pribadong paaralan.

Ngunit sa kabila ng lahat, kailangan nating alalahanin na ang masang Pilipino ay hindi magpapaloko. Mangilan-ngilang kilos-protesta ang isinagawa laban sa economic charter change linggo-linggo, at araw-araw ring dumarami ang mga grupo, organisasyon, at mga network na nanawagan para sa tuluyan nitong pagbasura. Noong Marso 22 lamang ay nagkaroon ng kilos-protesta sa labas ng Commision on Higher Education (CHEd) ang iba’t ibang mga student organizations laban sa 100% foreign ownership sa mga institusyon ng edukasyon. Malaking bahagi rin ng paggunita ng ika-38 na anibersaryo ng EDSA noong Pebrero 25 ang pagkontra sa Cha-Cha. Nagpahayag din ng pagtutol ang iba’t ibang sektor ng UP sa pamamagitan ng papaskil ng mga poster at tarpauling nagtataglay ng panawagang “No to Cha-Cha!” sa buong campus.

Bukod dito, ilang grupo rin ang nabuo upang kondenahin at labanan ang Cha-Cha. Halimbawa nito ang Teachers, Education Workers, and Academics Against Charter Change (TEACH). Nanawagan ang grupo sa kanilang inilabas na pahayag, “Rather than open up our schools to foreign ownership, the Philippine government should be reminded that improving the quality of Philippine education is a state obligation.”

Hindi malulutas ng foreign ownership ang krisis sa edukasyon sa Pilipinas—maaari pa itong makadagdag sa mga kasalukuyang kakulangan sa ating kurikulum. Sa halip na ang pagtuunan ng pansin ay ang mga kapalpakan sa loob ng sistema ng edukasyon, inuuna pa ng administrasyong buhusan ng pera ang economic charter change na wala namang maipapangakong ganap na pagbabago.

Asahang sa araw na tuluyang maipatutupad ang Cha-Cha, tulad ng mga banyagang mananakop noon, gagawing westernized at for-profit ng mga foreign investors ang ating mga paaralan ngayon.

Dati nang kinontrol ng mga dayuhan ang ating mga institusyon ng edukasyon. Nagpondo at nagtayo sila ng mga paaralan upang turuan tayo kung paano maging mas masunurin bilang kolonya. Ginamit nila ang kanilang wika bilang panturo at itinuring nila ang kanilang kultura bilang nakaaangat sa sariling atin. Malaki ang posibilidad na mangyari ito sa pagsasabatas ng Cha-Cha, lalo na't wala sa mismong amendment ang mga regulasyon na maaaring makapagpatigil sa pang-aabusong tiyak na mangyayari.

Bilang mga mag-aaral, kailangan natin idiin sa mga nanunungkulan ang pagbabasura ng Cha-Cha. Sapagkat ang tunay na kailangan ng mga estudyanteng Pilipino ay isang sistemang pang-edukasyon na nakalapat sa kanilang mga karanasan at realidad bilang Pilipino. Manawagan tayo na mabigyan ng respeto ang ating kasaysayan at wika sa pagtuturo. Mag-anyaya tayo ng ating mga kamag-aral na gamitin ang ating wika at humanap ng mga paraan upang pahalagahan ito. Makiisa tayo sa mga kilos-protesta para sa sapat na sahod at benepisyo ng mga guro at staff ng bawat paaralan. Dagdag dito, suportahan natin ang mga unyon at ang mga indibidwal na namumuno sa mga pagkikilos na ito. Matitiyak lang natin ang ating karapatan sa dekalidad na edukasyon kung pagsasama-samahin natin ang ating mga boses.

Hindi malabong matugunan ang mga panawagang ito ng ating gobyerno lalo na’t may pondo namang nakalaan para rito. Huwag tayong magsawa sa pangangalampag at paggigiit na itigil ang Cha-Cha, at sa pangangampanya para sa makamasang sistema ng edukasyon! //nina Mayden Bartolabac, Japhet Casabar, at Eda White

#NoToChaCha

Mga Sanggunian:

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Canlas, R. (2024, March 6). Women organizations oppose ‘Cha-cha’. Manila Bulletin. https://mb.com.ph/2024/3/6/women-organizations-express-opposition-vs-cha-cha-on-women-s-day

Cayabyab, M. J. (2023, September 12). DepEd hit for rebranding of Marcos dictatorship. Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/09/13/2295879/deped-hit-rebranding-marcos-dictatorship

Chi, C. (2024, January 13). Explainer: With students’ poor literacy, are all teachers now ‘reading teachers’? Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/01/11/2325063/explainer-students-poor-literacy-are-all-teachers-now-reading-teachers#:~:text=At%20 least%2090%25%20 of%20 Filipino,in%20the%20Philippines%20at%2070%25.

Chi, C. (2024, March 5). DepEd objects to foreign control of schools via Cha-cha, cites national security risk. Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/03/05/2338262/deped-objects-foreign-control-schools-cha-cha-cites-national-security-risk

Chi, C. (2024, February 15). Salary hike for teachers? DepEd defers answer until World Bank study complete. Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/02/15/2333571/salary-hike-teachers-deped-defers-answer-until-world-bank-study-complete

Chi, C. (2023, July 17). Most private school teachers paid less than entry-level salary in public schools — survey. Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/07/17/2281732/most-private-school-teachers-paid-less-entry-level-salary-public-schools-survey

Chi, C. (2024, February 23). Philippines’ “diploma mill” rep may attract low-tier foreihn universities, expert warns. Philstar. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/02/22/2335333/philippines-diploma-mill-rep-may-attract-low-tier-foreign-universities-expert-warns

Cigaral, I. N. P. (2024, February 13). Net FDI inflows soared to near two-year high in Nov 2023. INQUIRER.net. https://business.inquirer.net/445148/net-fdi-inflows-soared-to-near-2-year-high-in-november-2023

Communications, E. 2. (2024, February 20). Allowing foreign ownership is only a first step in promoting internationalization in education – EDCOM 2 Executive Director. EDCOM 2. https://edcom2.gov.ph/allowing-foreign-ownership-is-only-a-first-step-in-promoting-internationalization-in-education-edcom-2-executive-director/

De Leon, D. (2024, January 25). Why mounting a 2024 plebiscite on charter change will be a daunting task for Comelec. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/issues-comelec-face-plebiscite-charter-change-people-initiative-2024/

De Leon, D. (2023, February 27). FAST FACTS: What does the House bill on charter change contain? RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/nation/things-to-know-key-provisions-house-bill-charter-change/

De Leon, D. (2024, March 1). Marcos says proposal to hold Cha-Cha plebiscite alongside 2025 polls for ‘practical’ reasons. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/philippines/marcos-proposal-simultaneous-conduct-charter-change-plebiscite-2025-polls-practical-reasons/

Felipe, C. S. (2021, February 6). ‘No-fail policy not good for students.’ Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/02/07/2075903/no-fail-policy-not-good-students

Galvez, D. (2022, July 25). Marcos wants to reexamine medium of instruction in schools. Inquirer.net. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1634255/english-speaking-people-marcos-wants-to-reexamine-medium-of-instruction-in-schools#ixzz7aA6ZU7H6

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Leon, D. (2024, January 23). Marcos now open to amending economic provisions of 1987 Constitution. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/philippines/marcos-open-economic-charter-change-january-2024/

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Magsambol, B. (2024, February 25). IN PHOTOS: On 38th People Power anniversary, groups oppose charter change. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/philippines/photos-protests-edsa-people-power-revolution-anniversary-2024/

Marcelo, E. (2024, March 9). Teachers oppose 100 percent foreign ownership of schools. Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/03/10/2339415/teachers-oppose-100-percent-foreign-ownership-schools#:~:text=The%20TEACH%20pointed%20out%20that,are%20underserved%20by%20public%20schools.%E2%80%9D

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Philstar. (2022, October 17). DepEd to junk ‘mother tongue’ subject, but not as medium of instruction. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/10/17/2217367/deped-junk-mother-tongue-subject-not-medium-instruction

Punongbayan, J. (2024, April 1). [In This Economy] Economic charter change is very unpopular – it’s time lawmakers listened. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/in-this-economy-economic-charter-change-very-unpopular-time-lawmakers-listen/

Quismorio, E. (2023, March 13). (Update) A short timeline: Cha-cha in the House, 19th Congress Edition. Manila Bulletin. https://mb.com.ph/2023/3/12/a-short-timeline-cha-cha-in-the-house-19th-congress-edition#google_vignette

Second Congressional Commission on Education. (2024). Miseducation: The failed system of Philippine education, EDCOM II year one report. Second Congressional Commission on Education. https://edcom2.gov.ph/media/2024/02/EDCOM-II-Year-One-Report-PDF-022924.pdf

Valmonte, K. (2024, January 10). Will you sell your soul for P100? Allegations vs charter change bid via people’s initiative. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/philippines/things-to-know-allegations-charter-change-via-people-initiative/

Valmonte, K. (2024, March 6). Why 4 lawmakers voted against RBH7, the economic charter change proposal. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/philippines/why-lawmakers-opposed-resolution-both-houses-7-economic-charter-change-2024/

#MC2024 #MC2025 #Opinion #Filipino #Mayen Bartolabac #Japhet Casabar #Eda White

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chenghui-lim · 8 days

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Nudging all the way in Policy Design

The reading was particularly helpful when thinking about the design of an effective nudge. Regardless of whether the nudge is mindful, mindless, externally or internally imposed, it serves to encourage a change in an individual behavior towards a more desirable outcome (e.g., Gym Pact nudging individuals towards more exercise and better fitness). We often see nudging used in government policies that aim to create more social good, yet policies are a mix bag of successes and failures.

Two components that may explain this outcome (a) the persistency of the nudging before behavior shifts more permanently to a “new normal” (b) the need to align other initiatives with the nudging. In Singapore where the government uses nudging to address low birth rate, it has not had as much success. One such tool is the accessibility to public housing. Subsidized public housing are mostly build-to-order and requires 3 to 5 years of construction time. Many young couples find themselves accelerating their timeline towards marriage, because without a marriage certificate, they will not be able to get the keys to their apartments. Unmarried or single individuals are not allowed to purchase public housing until they are 35. These individuals will then have to either rent or buy from the private market that is often so expensive that only the top percentage of income earners qualify. The path towards owning an affordable home now becomes a part of the broader nudging initiative for more families and births. However, this likely contributed to weaker marriages and more annulment, as couples run on an externally imposed clock to seal the deal.

Birth rates not only remained stubbornly low but also fell in recent years because the bigger obstacles such as rising cost of raising a child and competing demands from work are not addressed. Here, we observed that while nudging leads towards behavior desirable for the nation and the government, the other initiatives were not aligned for the eventual goal of more births to be reached. The restriction on singles to buy public housing since 1964 clearly shows the longevity of this nudge because it can be done, but not necessarily the success of shifting mindset towards wanting bigger families.

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geminiperson · 1 month

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Kicking it Old School

Alright, so the (American) government being the asshole it is, they got mad that we did the things that we have written into the constitution, namely community organizing and using our right to free speech and assembly to voice decent to the existing genocide occurring in Palestine, opposing the misuse of our tax dollars to fund said genocide, and point out that while they can not be bothered to reach across the aisle on any other issue that would benefit Americans, namely utilizing those billions and in some case TRILLIONS of tax dollars to provide help to struggling people in our country, they could agree to attempt to silence the millions of voices across the nation for their use of a platform that was developed outside of the country because of a hypothetical fear that they manufactured of a foreign nation doing the thing that American made social media platforms (including big t that I'm posting from right now) are already doing. Even though the data is housed locally for American users by an American company. Even though the tenuous "fear" they have is that the parent company of Tiktok, Byte Dance, which is located in China, has no direct control over Tiktok itself, which is based in Singapore, an entirely separate country that the Chinese Government does not have sway over (Just a reminder for Senator Cotton, the ignorant racist who refused to listen to the information provided by the CEO of Tiktok, a Singaporian National).

So the manufactured fear has allowed them to oppose a vast network of community organization, with no real enforcement to be had, which is a not so polite reminder that VPN's exist, and can be used to evade all of this. But regardless, not everyone is going to be able to afford the VPN option, and there should be a free option for community organization. So here we are, coming back to our roots, the OG, the classic, rebirth of the 2010's era, the tumblr blog has returned. I deleted my original tumblr years ago. I'm a public person, to the point that my own home is highly visible, albeit a bit tedious to watch since the one space people can see in to is where I sleep and watch tv. But being that my content was always intended to be humerous, if a bit jaded and dark, I figure now is the time to use my extensive talents and creative skills start doing something that I've wanted to do for years. If this takes off, I might transition to a full time hosted blog, but I'm a fan of grass roots starting points, and truthfully, there's not much more grass roots than tumblr. Additionally, the tools and skills of the trade for podcasting are available to me as well, and I'm not opposed to it, since I already knowledgable in the creation, and I could easily do things with it. Who knows, maybe this is the start of my full time professional career, but who knows. Regardless, I'm going to list a few things you can expect from me on my page moving forward. - Anime content

LOOOOOVE me some Anime. I don't interact a ton with the fandoms, mostly because there are some super questionable and problematic ideas (ships) floating around the internet. That being the case, I'll mostly talk about the ones I love most, namely One Piece, because I live for the display of leftist rhetoric and dispensation of Justice and Joyboy Wonder that is Luffy and his crew.

-Politics

I'm more than a little comfortable discussing politics. I've been involved as a volunteer lobbyist in the past, and I engage with and regularly review content revolving around national and international politics, and I think it's important to not avoid discussing it. My takes will not always be perfect, but I generally center them around the ideas that people should always come before companies, and people can generally make decisions for themselves regarding self identity and bodily autonomy. Science will never be political to me, and regardless of my personal religious beliefs, science will make the decisions for me regarding health and wellness.

-Tea

I am a lover of all things tea. I have a talent I have developed for a while now, of making home brewed loose leaf tea, and I enjoy sharing that knowledge and information with others. Tea is very much a special interest for me, on par with One Piece and Minecraft. So you will definitely see stuff like tea recipes and resources from me regularly. I have for some time now had a dream of owning my own tea shop, and I will absolutely achieve that some day. And yes, my love of this stems from my love of Uncle Iroh.

-Cats and Animals in General

I have two cats, Shadow, who is pictured in my current PFP, and Poppie, the gremlin boy. I intend to someday have a service dog again, and when that happens, you will be introduced to said dog, but for now, it's me and my demons. I have this desire to have a small plot of land with a few farm animals to watch over, namely a few hens for eggs, maybe a mini-cow or some goats to produce fertilizer, but also I want live in the middle of the woods, so like, who knows how that will shake out. I'm a four seasons kind of person, and northern woods tend to have that. That is for the future to decide, but for now, it's just me and my cats.

-Lifestyle stuff

The category is broad, but includes all kinds of things. Home tech, cooking, discussions on queerness, and life tips and advice. I tend to write some of these from the perspective of me to my past self, telling things I wish I had known then that I know now.

-Music

Less focused on it's discussion, and more on presentation. I have a decently expansive taste, that only really excludes modern pop country, which I view as terrible. That said, old country, such as Dolly Parton, Johnny Cash, and the like, are among some of my favorites. That said, I'm also a hiphop head, and I've been to more underground rap shows than any other type of live show. -Mental Health

I'm mentally ill. I have been diagnosed with three separate mental health disorders, as well as ADD, and although I have never been officially tested, I am more than likely on the Autism Spectrum. I have lived a rather colorful life full of interesting choices, and I was not always given the grace I needed to grow. So from time to time, I'll have things to say on mental health. I'm not one to answer questions for others about their own mental health, because I know this is something that needs to be handled by professionals, but I will always do my best to be up front and honest, because I hate the idea that the stigma of mental health problems would prevent someone from living a full life.

I am looking forward to this. If things on tiktok continue, I'm still going to try to be active on tumblr, because diversifying your engagement can be beneficial. If you want more info about me, check out my other pages, including my link tree.

Stay safe everyone.

#mental health #mental illness #cats #lifestyle #queer community #grass roots #blogging #one piece #anime and manga #art #poetry #writing

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