Tumgik
#restriction enzymes
Text
Tumblr media
Common Restriction Enzymes
I help researchers increase engagement with their work. Together we will transform your ideas into unique and intuitive graphics with my reliable process: 1-Pinpoint your goals 2-Sketch and prototype 3-Discuss and iterate 4-Goal accomplished . 𝐇𝐈𝐑𝐄 𝐌𝐄 (DM Your Projects) . 💎Here to HELP You: ✔️Graphical Abstract Design ✔️Journal Figures Design ✔️Scientific Illustration ✔️Flyer and Poster Design ✔️Infographic Design ✔️Slides Design
8 notes · View notes
er-cryptid · 2 years
Photo
Tumblr media
7 notes · View notes
dead-set-goat · 2 years
Text
[Detect Sequence Sequence Sequence S e e e q u e n c e ]
Tumblr media
Sequence? Sequence!
*NOM NOM NOM*
A d i o s
99 notes · View notes
much-brighter-ink · 5 months
Text
Gel electrophoresis…
1 note · View note
femmefatalevibe · 7 months
Text
Femme Fatale Guide: Healthy Habits To Look & Feel Your Best Without Restriction or Unrealistic Routines
Realistic ways to maintain a healthy life/body/appearance (size and weight are all personal, not the most important metric – for certain). No diet culture or delulu-land tips here.
What I've done to maintain my 30-pound weight loss for over a decade, glowing clear skin (no pimples or discoloration, etc.), and super healthy, full & shiny hair, still living life and enjoying it – the mindful way.
Eat home-cooked meals & (plant-based) whole foods – 90-95% of the time
Incorporate at least 1 salad into my daily routine (either a large, hearty lunch salad or a simple green salad as a starter with dinner)
Include at least 1 fruit/vegetable in every meal or snack
Never restrict food groups – whole grains/potatoes, healthy fats, protein-rich plant foods, and produce are all essential to consume every day
Focus on meals, but have whole food snack options on hand to enjoy if genuinely hungry (mainly fruit, lupini beans, edamame, carrots/celery/cucumber with hummus, plain popcorn, handful of almonds/cashews)
Have breakfast after one coffee (before a second) and have dinner late enough (8-9:30 pm) to curb late-night hunger
Only have fruit and tea after dinner; Always stop consuming food at least 3 hours before bed for better sleep/digestion
Order whatever I want when going out to eat, but split dessert
Have at least one indulgent meal/dessert per week
No sugary cocktails – wine, champagne/prosecco, martinis, gin & tonic, margarita, French Connection, Sambuca, Grappa, tequila on the rocks, etc. are great options. Bellinis/fruit plus wine/spirits cocktails are a good middle ground. Sugary drinks worsen the hangover – big-time
Perceive healthy eating as a form of enjoyment, creativity, and nourishment, not restriction or deprivation (it's not if done liberally enough)
Consume a vitamin B12 and vitamin D supplement daily. Keep digestive enzymes on hand for when they're necessary
Always have a large glass of water first thing in the morning (before coffee) and by my side all day long
No soda, juices, sugary drinks, etc. Black coffee, tea, and water only on the daily – wine and no-sugar alcoholic drinks on rare occasions. Smoothies can be a great snack or breakfast, though!
Incorporate an (almost) daily walk into my schedule as a form of exercise and a mental health reset (I aim for 4-5 miles/10Kish steps per day on average)
Do short, low-impact strengthen training exercises 3x a week (15-30 mins each usually) for bone health & toning
Never forcing myself to do strenuous exercise/workout formally in a gym – it's not for me; it doesn't make me feel/look better and throws my hunger & energy levels way off. To each their own, though
Have a variety of playlists ready to go for waking up, working, dancing, walking/workouts, doing chores, and reading/relaxing
Internalizing that sexual health is a core aspect of your health & well-being – on all counts
Maintaining a simple skincare routine 2x per week with high-quality products and a couple of weekly treatments
Prioritizing my body care routine with as much as my facial skincare routine
Wearing at least SPF 30 daily
Exfoliating 2-3x per week
Learning what hair products work for my hair type; Using a deep conditioning mask and a scalp mask weekly
Using only cold water when washing my hair
Incorporating face & body massages into my weekly at-home routine
Using Uriage lip balm, hand cream, and deodorant religiously
Flossing 1-2 times a day/using an electric toothbrush
2K notes · View notes
jennelikejennay · 6 months
Text
Nobody asked for this but it's time for an essay on Spock's body temperature.
Some people say Spock would have a hot body temperature because he is from a hot planet.
Others say he would have a cold body temperature because he is from a hot planet.
It seemed to me that we could test this thesis! Do animals from hot climates have a hotter or colder body temperature than animals from cold climates?
Humans have a roughly average temperature for mammals, 98.6 F (37 C).
Penguins have a core temperature of 100-102 F. Polar bears have a temperature of 98-99 just like we do. They can maintain this temp even in 40 below zero temps!
What about hot weather animals? The camel can vary from 93-104 F—a huge range, but on average around the same as ours. The elephant also has a large range, 95-99 F.
The coldest-blooded mammal is the echidna, at 89 F. The hottest is the hummingbird, at 107. Neither of these is from an extreme environment. It's more about the metabolism: the echidna's is slow and the hummingbird's is fast.
And yet, you see the range is not very great among mammals. This is because many enzymes work efficiently at these temperatures. Above about 104 F, some start breaking down. By 131 F, there's not much enzyme activity that can happen.
Okay, so: Vulcans. We know that they will not have an especially warm or cool body temperature because of the climate. Since they're warm blooded (an assumption, I admit! But I will defend it later) they will have an ideal core temperature their body will function best at and have features to maintain that despite the heat.
Note: Vulcans can also survive more extreme cold than humans; that's why Spock has to help Bones in a blizzard in All Our Yesterdays. This makes sense to me, because desert climates like Vulcan are prone to extremes. It might get very cold there at night with little moisture to trap the heat. This is one reason I think Vulcans are warm-blooded—a cold-blooded creature would have been useless in a blizzard. The other reason is that cold blooded creatures have a slower metabolism in general, and Spock could not possibly be described as slow moving or slow thinking.
Okay, so what is the Vulcan metabolism? Is it faster or slower than humans? My guess is faster, because of their fast heart rate, strength, and quick thinking. That said, we don't have solid proof either way. It might make sense for them to have a slower metabolism so that their body produces less heat and is less likely to get into the enzyme denaturing zone on a hot Vulcan day.
Which brings us to another question: how do they beat the heat? They seem perfectly comfortable in their climate, they're not using behavioral practices to stay cool as humans from hot climates do. They must have ways to efficiently radiate heat from their core. Those ears, for instance. Remember elephants? Their huge, flappy ears are a major cooling mechanism for them. They are able to push more blood through the small capillaries of their ears in hot weather and restrict it when the temperature drops at night. This is called vasodilation—controlling blood flow to either shed or retain heat. We do it too, though not as much. When you're hot, your ears will be hotter. Out in the cold, your fingers and toes will get much colder than your core.
Like camels, elephants can maintain a larger range of body temperatures than humans can. That's another coping technique they have. Other ways to shed heat include sweat and panting.
I never really imagined Vulcans as very sweaty. In a desert climate, methods of cooling that involve water loss wouldn't be ideal.
Here's my guess: they are extremely efficient at regulating core temperature by controlling blood flow. In hot temperatures, their skin and especially their ears would be hot, but their insides would be maybe 100 degrees. When it cools down, their skin would be very cool to the touch, but they would keep a core temperature in the 90s. They might also be able to speed up and slow down their metabolism somewhat to control their temperature.
So. On the Enterprise, which is kept at a comfortable temperature for humans...I think Spock would be a little chilly to cuddle. If you want a warm cuddle with Spock, go to his quarters, where he keeps it nice and toasty.
This has been my xenobiology deep dive for today.
806 notes · View notes
genderqueerdykes · 1 year
Text
Testosterone HRT Overview, Guide & Information for All People Seeking It
Hello, we're a genderqueer person who's been taking testosterone HRT since 2015. I've also worked in a pharmacy and we've seen a lot of the roadblocks that comes with people trying to start HRT. Nobody really explains how difficult it can be, even when you get your prescription. Because testosterone is a controlled substance in many places, it creates hurdles. There can be a lot going on, and some folks become very disheartened if their T isn't covered by insurance. i get that. We wanted to create a relatively easy to digest and succinct post detailing some common hurdles people have to face on the doctor/prescriber and insurance level, as well as after getting their hormones. *please note that a lot of this information is United States centric as that's where i live, i can't give information for a country i've never lived in, unfortunately.*
The estrogen HRT version of this post is here!
Doctors, Insurance & Getting Your Prescription
If your primary care provider is already familiar and comfortable with prescribing HRT, you can go through them, find an informed consent clinic, or seek an endocrinologist or gender affirming care specialist. Planned Parenthood is a good option for many people. If you don't have insurance, check to see if your area offers medicaid or other low income insurance plans, T can get pricey in some areas, especially for topical. if you can't access insurance please look into services like GoodRx that offer coupons and discounted rates for prescriptions.
Here is a list of informed consent clinics in the US for HRT.
Your provider will ask you some questions about your experience with gender, any dysphoria, why you want to seek medical transition, if you'd like to seek surgeries, assess your mental health, and then screen you for potential health problems or roadblocks. Your liver enzymes will be screened, as will your hormone levels, blood pressure, and some other things. Make sure your doctor knows to note that you are a transgender patient so that your blood tests are not discarded because your gender says "F" instead of "M" on the paperwork.
In some areas it is required to seek treatment with a therapist who specializes in transgender care to make sure this avenue is right for you. Not everywhere requires this step.
Make sure you talk to whoever is prescribing the testosterone to you about insurance, and if they are aware that testosterone is a controlled substance. A controlled substance is a substance that has been restricted by your country's government or governing medical organization and has to be monitored carefully. You need what's called a "prior authorization" from your doctor in order to get your insurance to give you your hormones in most states. Talk to your doctor and pharmacy about prior authorizations for your testosterone and syringes if you need them.
Currently, the only forms of testosterone available for masculinizing HRT are testosterone cypionate (injectable), topical gel, and patches. Topical forms are usually applied daily, injections can be done once or twice a week, or even more or less frequently if a person needs it. There is no pill option available for masculinizing HRT currently.
Do NOT become disheartened if you do not see the effects you want to see right away. It can take several years for the full effects of certain aspects of medical transition to show themselves. Stay patient, talk with your provider, talk to other trans people!
Stay patient, Stay positive!
HRT and Administering Testosterone
When you get a prescription, how things go will depend on if you get your doses administered at the clinic, or if you choose to do them at home. If you are not comfortable self administering, ask if they will at the clinic. many places offer this service.
if you choose to administer at home, if you are using injectable T, note that pharmacies may give you the wrong gauges of needles because they don't often give out needles for HRT. You need two different sizes- a thicker, longer needle for drawing from the vial, as testosterone cypionate is thick. You will generally be given large 18g needle for drawing and a small 22 or 23g needle for injecting. Many people have preferences for different gauges so ymmv. Depending on if you are injecting intramuscularly or subcutaneously the gauge of the needle with vary. Sanitize your injection site and your hands, never using the same needle tips twice for any reason. Never use needles that have touched another surface, and get a sharps container.
Make sure you are injecting in different spots every time you inject. you do not want to inject into the same patches of skin every time, as this can cause tissue damage, tissue death (necrosis), and severe scarring after long periods of time of having to heal but being interrupted over and over again. inject into slightly different spots every time to make sure your skin and muscle tissue can heal.
Here is a guide on safely injecting your own testosterone, including steps on how to prepare your skin for the injection, hold the vial while drawing, change needles, and more.
Another guide for hormone injections.
Make sure to check with your provider to see what type of injection you are meant to do, many do intramuscular injections, but many opt for subcutaneous (just below the skin) injections because they are less painful and require less frequent injections.
If you receive topical testosterone like androgel or other alcohol based testosterone gels, make sure you read the informational packet that comes with it to ensure you are administering it in the correct areas- your exact formulation will need to be applied in a certain area, if you do not have the guide or packet that came with it, please read this page to figure out where you need to apply it. if your topical T isn't working you may be applying it in the wrong place.
When applying topical T, make sure you clean the skin before putting it on, and do not shower or go swimming for 2 - 5 hours after application. make sure you cover the skin with some kind of clothing. You want to make sure it doesn't rub off on other people, as other people can absorb it as well by touching you. Do not ever have someone else apply topical testosterone for you, even if they are also trans, as this can mess with their levels in a bad way.
After starting T you may have to adjust your dose over time to achieve desired effects. if so, you will start on a starter dose and then you can move up to higher doses as your body adjusts. This process is called titration.
No matter HOW tempting it is, NEVER TAKE MORE T THAN YOU ARE PRESCRIBED! It is processed through your liver, which can completely wreck it if you take more than it can handle. Slow and steady wins the race with HRT. If you take too much T at once, your body can also aromatize it, meaning your body will convert it and encourage the production of further estradiol, which will provide unwanted effects. Do not increase your dose without your doctor's advice or knowledge, and do not go any faster than advised.
Effects of Testosterone HRT
Growth and thickening of facial and body hair begins 3 - 6 months after treatment starts and the full effect happens within 3 - 5 years.
Menstruation (periods) stop. This occurs around 2 - 6 months within starting treatment, and is one of the most desired effects.
Voice deepens. The vocal cords thicken, which can cause uncomfortable sensations in the throat for a time, such as a scratchy feeling, dryness, tightness, pressure, and a 'sore' throat that isn't sore in an illness related way. This begins 3 - 6 months after treatment starts, and the full effect happens in 1 - 2 years.
Body fat redistribution begins 3 - 6 months after treatment starts and the full effect happens within 3 - 5 years.
Growth or enlargement of Adam's apple.
Clitoris grows larger, and vaginal lining can thin and become drier. Some experience vaginal atrophy and/or painful levels of dryness, while some maintain a healthy level of vaginal fluids without problem. This begins 3 - 12 months after treatment starts, and the full effect is usually seen within 1 - 2 years, though some experience growth over a long period of time if their dose is low.
Change in body odor and increased sweating occurs within 1 - 3 months of starting treatment.
Muscle mass and strength increase, this will begin within 6 - 12 months and the full effect will be seen within 2 - 5 years.
Possible libido increase, though some report no changes or even the inverse.
Potential but not guaranteed balding or receding hairline, which is treatable, and not seen in everyone.
Potential increase in energy in general, some report an almost antidepressant like effect.
Possible increase in red blood cell production leading to high blood pressure, which is treatable via medications and donating red blood cells when appropriate and safe.
There is not really a guide book to masculinizing HRT and medical transition, most of the information there is is passed along between each of us. We will continue to edit this post as we think of more important information.
3K notes · View notes
felinefractious · 20 days
Note
since point coloration is temperature-based, how far can that go? will a pointed cat be super light if raised in a high heat environment, and vice versa? I wonder how dark pointed cats can get… but that would probably require extremely unpleasantly cold conditions
The way the color restriction genes work is through manipulating activation of the tyrosinase enzyme which plays a critical role in pigment production. The mutation prevents it from working at normal body temperature (100.5 - 102.5F) resulting in reduced pigmentation but will function normally at cooler locations (lower than ~91.5F).
It isn’t as simple as hot = light and cold = dark, ambient and body temperature both play a role. Colorpoint kittens are born solid white because their temperature and their environment (in the womb) are both hot.
Bit there’s also a degree of individual variation for reasons… that I don’t really know? Someone else might, or maybe the rest of the world is as clueless as me.
For example when a pointed cat is shaved for a procedure the fur will grow in dark because the skin is exposed, meaning it isn’t as well insulated and will be cooler.
Tumblr media
My favorite example of this Quattro, a cat @followthebluebell shared from his work. Here’s a link to the post about him, along with another example in a snow lynx Bengal.
Tumblr media
And here’s a less extreme example of dark-colored regrowth in a seal point Tonkinese from work during a visit with us sometime after her spay.
So.
Then are shorthaired pointed cats not consistently darker than longhaired ones? Why do pointed sphynx not appear near-solid? One of the darkest colorpoint’s I’ve met is a longhair cat.
Tumblr media
Here’s a Sphynx kitten (Left) compared to an Siamese kitten (Right). Their coloration appears to be developing at a similar pace.
Tumblr media Tumblr media
It seems like part of the variety may be based on the “normal” of the individual cat?
One time we had a seal point board with us and she was having a sort of inflammatory reaction on her lip - it was awhile ago, I don’t remember exactly what the issue was - and the fur on her muzzle became much lighter until the issue was resolved and grew back in normal.
Tumblr media
So I guess this was a long winded way to say… I ‘unno?
56 notes · View notes
mutant-distraction · 3 months
Text
Tumblr media
The Giant Horse Conch is one of the largest living gastropod mollusks in the world. Adults can reach sizes over 2 feet (60 cm) in shell length. Their large size and thick shells provide good protection from predators.
These snails are carnivorous, feeding mainly on bivalves like clams and oysters, which they pry open with their foot and radula (toothed tongue). They use acids and enzymes to bore holes through the shells of their prey.
Giant Horse Conchs can live for over 20 years. They are slow-moving and tend to stay within a home range area of less than half a square mile as adults.
The Giant Horse Conch plays an important ecological role in its habitat. As a top predator, it helps regulate bivalve populations. Its large and heavy shell also provides a home or shelter for other small animals after the snail dies.
This species mates via internal fertilization. The females lay gelatinous egg masses which can contain over 1 million eggs. After hatching, the larvae float and feed in the plankton for several weeks before settling on the sea floor to continue development.
Giant Horse Conchs are popular among seashell collectors due to their large size and ornate shells. Over-harvesting for the shell trade has contributed to their depletion in some areas. They are now regulated in Florida with harvest limits and minimum size restrictions to help conserve the population.
Image credit: Jax Shells/Amy Tripp
Text credit: Earth Unreal
95 notes · View notes
cursedorca · 1 year
Photo
Tumblr media
My interpretation of a ‘Realistic Ditto’ is NOT a huge amoeba or a slime mold colony but rather a Gigantic Seastar larvae taking inspiration from the metamorphosis of the Luidia sarsii species of starfish.
More Info Below
Dittos are not amorphous blobs but really a large gelatinous invertebrate that, while their pliable body is capable of deforming and reshaping to great effect, still retains structures, namely the many folds and tentacles that compose it. like an octopus they can fit into nearly any space, but unlike an octopus they have no hard parts to their bodies to restrict their movements. 
Ditto’s senses are very simple, their eyes are capable of the detection of light and shapes, but offer no definition or perception of colors. Instead they rely almost entirely on Chemosense, Smell and taste. 
Dittos are omnivorous scavengers, searching for any organic matter easy enough to consume, which they do so with a mix of pre-digestive mucus and saw-like cilia located inside their oral flap. When consuming organic matter, Dittos process it, taking the ‘freshest’ and living cells and extracting the genes to store in memory cells for later, while digesting the rest for sustenance.
its due to these memory cells that Ditto have a reputation for ‘poor memory’.  in reality, dittos have average memory and spatial awareness, however the genetic memory cells created by dittos tend to break down relatively quickly (being retained for a week at most)
Ditto Use these memory cells in order to  ‘transform’.  inside of each ditto is a very early stage blastocyst or extremely early stage,  undifferentiated embryo. Dittos utilize the memory cells theyve obtained to imprint the embryo with activate and deactivate which genes will determine its form, behavior and abilities. Ditto are only capable of naturally reproducing more of their kind due to their ‘transformation’/Metamorphosis occasionally producing ‘twins’.
Transformed Dittos are nigh indistinguishable from the species of pokemon it has transformed/metamorphosed into, save for an above average urge to reproduce, and a small series of lymphatic structures deep within their bodies. eventually through terms not yet determined, if a ditto ‘decides’ to return to it’s true form, these lymphatic structures generate a 2-part process. 
the first part involves the recreation of a Ditto embryo deep within the transformed ditto’s body. the second is a mass secretion and production of enzymes and mucus that breaks down and liquifies the transformed body to rapidly nourish the ditto embryo to full size.
 Dittos are still relatively uncommon pokemon as their bodies are extremely nutrient dense as a necessity to fuel their transformations, preventing them from overrunning a given ecosystem theyre present in due to being a high priority target for many predators in the area. The only defense the ditto has is either to be lucky and obtain a genetic sample from one of its predator’s species or to flatten itself against a surface and render itself transparent, making it nearly invisible while it rests against a rock or the side of a tree.
332 notes · View notes
Hi there! Can I request headcanons for Rise!boys x reader who's gluten and lactose intolerant, and therefore can't eat pizza/bread/cake/cheese/etc?
I had fun writing this, it's nice when I don't have to take a ask seriously! Also I figured out how to put things "under the cut" :D
Raph, Leo, Donnie and Mikey X lactose intolerant Reader
Tumblr media
Raphael
★ He gets really worried about accidentally poisoning you when he makes you food and double checks all the ingredients to make shure he doesn't. If he gave you food poisoning he might actually cry.
★ Any and all dairy/gluten gets treated like the plague by him. Leo might throw a cheese slice onto your forehead just to see him panic. Kinda cruel but really funny, videos where taken.
Leonardo
★ A life without pizza is a life he doesn't want to live, so you can imagine how bad he feels knowing you can't have any. He cries for you, for you are destined to have no pizza.
★ He does something shockingly responsible, he buys a bottle of lactose enzyme pills and keeps them in the bathroom for you. To be funny he "hides" the pill in a slice of cheese.
Donatello
★ He's probably the only one who knew what gluten and lactose intolerance is before meeting you. He can go into detail about lactose and how body's can lack the lactase to digest it but he can see Leo slowly backing away.
★ He sums it up by saying "Y/n can't have dairy or bread or they'll get sick, like a cat eating a orange." Mikey was horrified "WAIT- can they not have pizza?!?" "Not if they value their digestive tract"
Michelangelo
★ When you first met he didn't know you can't eat dairy or bread. He felt personally offended when you didn't eat anything he made, did you not trust him to cook? But when you explained things to him he felt awful for jumping to conclusions.
★ He takes note of the dietary restrictions whenever he makes you something to eat. He actually likes the challenge of finding something tasty that you can safely eat.
132 notes · View notes
maaarine · 6 days
Text
Tumblr media
Swedish pharmacy bans sale of anti-ageing skincare to children (Miranda Bryant, The Guardian, March 20 2024)
"A leading chain of Swedish chemists is introducing age restrictions on anti-ageing skincare amid rising concerns across Europe over the potentially damaging effects on children of their turning to such products prematurely.
Apotek Hjärtat, which has about 390 pharmacies in Sweden, is to stop selling “advanced skin care” products (including the ingredients AHA acid, BHA acid, vitamin A, vitamin C and enzyme peeling) to customers under 15 unless they have parental consent or a relevant skin condition.
It comes amid reports of a skincare boom among children in Sweden aged under 13, driven by social media.
One beauty chain told broadcaster SVT that 20-40% of its customers are now aged under 13.
Anecdotal accounts indicate growing numbers of children across Europe – including those as young as 10 in the UK – are also turning to expensive anti-ageing skincare in pursuit of more “youthful” skin, many influenced by what they have seen on apps like TikTok.
Experts fear the craze could be having a detrimental physical impact on such young skin and are concerned about the psychological impact of children obsessing over ageing.
The European Commission last year announced plans to limit the concentration of retinol in over-the-counter products from June to cut potential overexposure to vitamin A, which regulators have linked to skin disorders and weakened bones."
13 notes · View notes
girlactionfigure · 1 year
Text
Tumblr media
Immense pride, tinged with sadness. 
For those who would like to read the full list:
1908 MECHNIKOV, ELIE 
FOR THEIR WORK ON IMMUNITY
1908 EHRLICH, PAUL
FOR THEIR WORK ON IMMUNITY
1914 BARANY, ROBERT
FOR HIS WORK ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS
1922 MEYERHOF, OTTO FRITZ 
FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF THE FIXED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONSUMPTION OF 
OXYGEN AND THE METABOLISM OF LACTIC ACID IN THE MUSCLE
1930 LANDSTEINER, KARL 
FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS
1936 LOEWI, OTTO 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES RELATING TO CHEMICAL TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES
1944 ERLANGER, JOSEPH 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES RELATING TO THE HIGHLY DIFFERENTIATED FUNCTIONS OF SINGLE NERVE FIBRES
1945 CHAIN, ERNST BORIS 
FOR THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN AND ITS CURATIVE EFFECT IN VARIOUS INFECTIOUS DISEASES
1946 MULLER, HERMANN J. 
FOR THE DISCOVERY OF THE PRODUCTION OF MUTATIONS BY MEANS OF X-RAY IRRADIATION
1947 CORI, GERTY THERESA, RADNITZ 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF THE COURSE OF THE CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF GLYCOGEN
1950 REICHSTEIN, TADEUS 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES RELATING TO THE HORMONES OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX, THEIR STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
1952 WAKSMAN, SELMAN A. 
FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF STREPTOMYCIN, THE FIRST ANTIBIOTIC EFFECTIVE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS
1953 LIPMANN, FRITZ ALBERT 
FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF CO-ENZYME A AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM
1953 KREBS, HANS ADOLF 
FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
1958 LEDERBERG, JOSHUA 
FOR HIS DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETIC RECOMBINATION AND THE ORGANISATION OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF BACTERIA
1959 KORNBERG, ARTHUR 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF THE MECHANISMS IN THE BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
1964 BLOCH, KONRAD 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM AND REGULATION OF THE CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM
1965 JACOB, FRANCOIS 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETIC CONTROL OF ENZYME AND VIRUS SYNTHESIS
1965 LWOFF, ANDRE
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETIC CONTROL OF ENZYME AND VIRUS SYNTHESIS
1967 WALD, GEORGE 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE PRIMARY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL VISUAL PROCESSES IN THE EYE
1968 NIRENBERG, MARSHALL W. 
FOR THEIR INTERPRETATION OF THE GENETIC CODE AND ITS FUNCTION IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
1969 LURIA, SALVADOR E. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE REPLICATION MECHANISM AND THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES
1970 KATZ, BERNARD
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE HUMORAL TRANSMITTERS IN THE NERVE TERMINALS AND THE MECHANISM
FOR THEIR STORAGE, RELEASE AND INACTIVATION
1970 AXELROD, JULIUS 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE HUMORAL TRANSMITTERS IN THE NERVE TERMINALS AND THE MECHANISM
FOR THEIR STORAGE, RELEASE AND INACTIVATION
1972 EDELMAN, GERALD M. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODIES
1975 TEMIN, HOWARD M.
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TUMOR VIRUSES AND THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF THE CELL
1975 BALTIMORE, DAVID 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TUMOR VIRUSES AND THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF THE CELL
1976 BLUMBERG, BARUCH S. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING NEW MECHANISMS FOR THE ORIGIN AND DISSEMINATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
1977 YALOW, ROSALYN 
FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS OF PEPTIDE HORMONES
1977 SCHALLY, ANDREW V. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE PEPTIDE HORMONE PRODUCTION OF THE BRAIN
1978 NATHANS, DANIEL 
FOR THE DISCOVERY OF RESTRICTION ENZYMES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO PROBLEMS OF MOLECULAR GENETICS
1980 BENACERRAF, BARUJ 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETICALLY DETERMINED STRUCTURES ON THE CELL SURFACE THAT
REGULATE IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS
1984 MILSTEIN, CESAR 
FOR THEORIES CONCERNING THE SPECIFICITY IN DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE
PRINCIPLE FOR PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
1985 BROWN, MICHAEL S. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE REGULATION OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM
1985 GOLDSTEIN, JOSEPH L. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE REGULATION OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM
1986 COHEN, STANLEY 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF GROWTH FACTORS
1986 LEVI-MONTALCINI, RITA 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF GROWTH FACTORS
1988 ELION, GERTRUDE B. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES FOR DRUG TREATMENT
1989 VARMUS, HAROLD E. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF THE CELLULAR ORIGIN OF RETROVIRAL ONCOGENES
1994 RODBELL, MARTIN 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF G-PROTEINS AND THE ROLE OF THESE PROTEINS IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN CELLS
1994 GILMAN, ALFRED G. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF G-PROTEINS AND THE ROLE OF THESE PROTEINS IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN CELLS
1997 PRUSINER, STANLEY B. 
FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF PRIONS - A NEW BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE OF INFECTION
1998 FURCHGOTT, ROBERT F. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING NITRIC OXIDE AS A SIGNALING MOLECULE IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
2000 GREENGARD, PAUL 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
2000 KANDEL, ERIC R. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
2002 BRENNER, SYDNEY 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETIC REGULATION OF ORGAN DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
2002 HORVITZ, H. ROBERT 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETIC REGULATION OF ORGAN DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
2004 AXEL, RICHARD
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF ODORANT RECEPTORS AND THE ORGANIZATION OF THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM
2006 FIRE, ANDREW Z. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF RNA INTERFERENCE - GENE SILENCING BY DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA
2011 STEINMAN, RALPH M. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE ACTIVATION OF INNATE IMMUNITY
2011 BEUTLER, BRUCE A. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE ACTIVATION OF INNATE IMMUNITY
2013 SCHEKMAN, RANDY W.
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF MACHINERY REGULATING VESICLE TRAFFIC, A MAJOR TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN OUR CELLS
2013 ROTHMAN, JAMES E. 
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF MACHINERY REGULATING VESICLE TRAFFIC, A MAJOR TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN OUR CELLS
2017 ROSBASH, MICHAEL
FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF MOLECULAR MECHANISMS CONTROLLING THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
Likud Herut UK
81 notes · View notes
coupleoffanfics · 7 months
Text
Two Are Better Than One
CW: Mentions of suicidal ideation.
Part 1 | Part 2
Half of the day y/n was left alone. She was given a few books to read, but she didn't bother touching them. She would have thrown them at whoever came through the door. It didn't matter if it was Jeremiah or Ecco, just as long as it hurt. But that wouldn't be the best thing to do. You can catch more flies with honey as they say.
She believed that they could still talk this out. If they hear each other out then they could move on from this. They moved on from a lot of things and this could be one of them. She didn't care how delusional it sounded, she was always in it for the long hall when Jeremiah was involved.
Reverting to her old ways y/n slept her worries away. Whenever things become too much she always rolled into bed and slept. It wasn't easy to sleep this time with her one hand being cuffed but she managed somehow.
She would be woken up by Jeremiah. "It's time to take your medicine." She slightly grimaced when she opened her eyes but sat up and gave him a confused look. "Ecco took everything you needed from your apartment." He explained as he handed her the glass of water.
It would have been so easy for y/n to throw it at him or just smash it against his forehead until it broke. It would be easy, but it'd only get her into trouble.
"Open wide." y/n felt her face heat up hearing him say that. This felt a bit humiliating and he must have found it amusing by the grin on his face. Not wanting to be perceived as reluctant or defiant, she opened her mouth so that he put the pill in her mouth. After that, she closed her mouth and took a sip of the water.
She almost choked on the water when she made eye contact with him. His eyes were one of the many things she liked about him. A simple glance made her flustered, and when his eyes were on her it made her squirm. He still has the effect but it didn't make her squirm or giggle like it used to. It could be because of the context of this situation, but his now-green eyes always put her off.
She took her medication without too much trouble. She said a quiet thank you before holding the cup out to him trying to hand it back. "You have one more pill to take."
"Another one? I only take Zoloft."
"I know, darling, but you have to take this."
y/n was taken aback a bit by the pet name. She was always the one to call him a pet name. Sometimes just to embarrass him, but he'd always just call her by her name. She quickly shook that out of her head to ask, "What is it?"
"ACE."
Angiotensin-converting enzyme, y/n remembers her doctor recommending it. She denied it along with any other medication recommended for her heart failure because she wanted to die faster.
She didn't want to prolong the inevitable. She didn't want to feel hopeless and numb anymore. She didn't want to watch the only person in her life devolve into madness. She didn't want to wake up the next morning.
Jeremiah must have known exactly what y/n was thinking too. He gave her a hard look and he dropped his grin after telling her the name of it. He wonders what she'd say or do while he watches the flash of realization appear on her.
It was interesting because Jeremiah didn't know what route she'd take. This morning showed her defiance, but aggressiveness wasn't in her nature. He knew she wasn't the smartest person at times, yet she knew there wasn't a freedom of choice. How she reacts will determine how restricted things will be. Even then he can't always predict what she'll do regardless of their years of being together and how she'd tell him just about every little thing.
But he doubts that she'd openly tell him she wanted to kill herself faster. Of course, he knows her history of mental instability. He's watched her fall into those depressive lows multiple times. Suicide was a different story. Anything about suicide or even self-harm is off the table of discussion for y/n. It was least off the table when having casual conversations.
Suddenly y/n opened her mouth much to Jeremiah's delight. Silently complying. Once she had successfully taken the ACE, he lightly patted her cheek, "Good girl." He watched as her face contorted into embarrassment for a moment. He knew he had power over her, but he didn't know how much until now. It was like their roles had been reversed.
y/n slightly moved her head to the right as if that would stop him from touching her face. "Miah, honey," She started with an anxious smile, "Why do feel like you have to do this?" Right after the question came out of her mouth he raised an eyebrow and slightly squinted his eyes. She felt her mouth go dry as she was scrambling to explain, "I mean, I understand what you mean when you explained earlier. I think we could compromise."
Jeremiah slowly spoke while holding back a laugh, "Compromise? You want to compromise with me?" Her lips moved to the left and she slightly pounded. She was being serious. He bit down on his tongue so a laugh couldn't escape. Quickly inhaling and exhaling, he asked her to continue.
Still full of hope, or what could be called delusion, y/n spoke of different ideas. That's maybe he could still take that blood sample or not at all. She'll never doubt or bring up her past concern about his sanity. In each idea, she promised not to leave the bunker. Jeremiah would be lying if he said her ideas weren't tempting.
But not tempting enough. The whole time his amused smile did not filter once because he knew what his final verdict was.
"No." Her shoulders slumped and a defeated sigh came out. He needed her to know that there was no point in trying to fight. That she didn't have any control and that she'd be better off listening to him. There wasn't going to be anyone else that she'd want or need, but him.
"Someone's going to notice I'm gone. My therapist, my professors, and my family." He rolled his eyes at the last example. "I've already dropped your therapist for you through your email. College isn't a problem for you anymore. As for your family."
She didn't like how he dragged out 'your family' with such disdain. "Do you think they'll search for you? They'll send a few search teams and act sad, but they aren't going to look for you." She mentally scolded herself for being so quick to believe him. Even if it was just for a second. It was a second that she believed that they were anything, but moral people.
"You know that's a lie. When Jerome-"
Jeremiah's mood soured at the name. "Who wouldn't be worried? Jerome stands for nothing and will burn everything. When I–" He stopped to prevent himself from becoming so pressed, "Can't you see that they're just acting at this point? They wouldn't be pretending if didn't make them look heartless."
"Because they aren't heartless. You've never even met them, so I don't think it's even fair to judge them." Jeremiah couldn't understand why after all this time, she still defends them. The nights when poured out her feelings towards her family are still fresh in his mind. She'd get so emotional when talking about how alone she was and how she wished they could be a normal family.
"You're right, I never met them because they never showed up to anything. Not once have they shown up to any of your art galleries or even your graduation. I had to comfort you because they always upset you somehow. You've been fine without them for years, and you'll be fine without them now."
y/n let out a frustrated sigh. The Wayne family was complicated and held many secrets. Secrets that she couldn't talk about meaning he'd never have the full picture. They were good people deep down, she knows it. It wasn't fair for her to demand their attention after they came back from saving lives. Yet it reminded her that she wasn't worthy of their time or effort after she quit.
"They're good people, it's just that they're always so busy."
"Your father or brothers can't give you an hour of their time? Jesus Christ, y/n, I know you have attachment issues but come on." Her eyes widen in surprise.
"I don't have attachment issues," She balls her hands into fists, "I'm mentally sound and have normal, healthy relationships with others."  Her words made Jeremiah tisk, yet almost smile at the same time.
"You're accusing me of being mentally ill, but look at yourself. You had to go to therapy weekly, every few years you'll end up in the ER for suicidal ideation, and you rely on medication to make you feel normal. This morning you attacked Ecco when she did nothing wrong." The look of hurt painted y/n's face.
"Okay, but I wasn't-"
He faked a shocked expression like he was outraged by the few things she had said. "y/n, you don't have to yell at me. I know you're insecure about your mental health, but you have to accept that you are nothing without anyone." She tried to say something, but he spoke over her. "It's clear you aren't ready to talk about this by how emotional you are. I'll give you some time to calm down."
He got up and began making his way out of the room. As he was leaving and closed the door he could hear y/n begging him to come back. To not leave her alone. That she was sorry, in a perfect world he might have gone back to comfort the distraught girl, but there was too much work and so little time.
When passing by Ecco he said, "If she doesn't quite down give her midazolam."
Right after y/n was handed her diploma, she quickly walked off the stage with a clenched jaw and a big smile. Jeremiah sighed as he looked at the text he received not long after she fled. 'I'm ready to go. I'll be waiting in the car.' He glanced around the people seeing the families hugging and praising their loved ones. Yeah, he could understand and he didn't want to be there any longer himself.
Leaving the school he found y/n sitting in the passenger seat with the side of her head resting against the window. He couldn't tell because it was dark out, but he was sure her eyes were slightly reddened. While he got behind the steering wheel he asked, "Do you want to go back to my place?" She nodded her head.
y/n has been making it a habit of going to Jeremiah's place instead of home. He doesn't understand it personally, but he did understand the reasoning behind it to a certain extent. She told him of how lonely Wayne Manor was because everyone was doing their own thing. Saying that she didn't want to disturb their work which he found ironic because she'd always try to distract him when he was doing something. Still, his place was less lonely because he still lived with his Uncle.
During the ride back to his apartment the radio filled the silence. Every so often he'd glance at her to see that she was staring out the window. The look on her face didn't tell him that she was numbing herself by ignoring her feelings. Instead, her eyebrows were furrowed as hugged herself. He would have liked to know what she thinking, but he didn't want to push her to tell him.
When they made it in front of the mixed-use building they just sat there. The radio and the purring engine no longer provided a slight distraction. Jeremiah waited a moment for y/n to move. It took a little longer, but eventually, she pulled herself out of the car. Her movements held no energy in them and it made her seem like she had just got out of her nine-to-five.
She didn't grab his hand and intertwine their fingers just to feel close. She only walked beside him slightly slouching. He wanted to reach out for her hand, but there was this pit in his stomach that made him anxious. This mildly intense feeling made him worry about what he should do.
Comfort. He didn't know how to comfort her let alone anyone. Yes, there were moments when she'd open up about what was bothering her but all he did was be there. Listen to the [hair color] haired girl ramble more so towards herself than him. If she wanted to, which was often, she asked him for a hug or something that didn't require him to do much.
He could do that right now, right? A hug or a kiss on the cheek– no. It was too risky. This was uncharted territory for Jeremiah, to be the one to entail any physical affection. When y/n suddenly held his hand or pecked his cheek that'd fluster him a bit. Flustered doesn't describe what he feels when thinking of reaching out to her hand because his heart races and his hands start to feel shaky. Panicked might be the word.
Jeremiah's thoughts were suddenly cut off when they entered the apartment and were greeted by a sweet aroma. He was surprised his uncle didn't jump out to greet y/n into their home as if she doesn't sleep there four times a week. y/n didn't seem bothered and made a beeline toward Jeremiah's room. He could hear her flop onto the bed.
He wandered around the kitchen to find a note with a cake next to it.
'I might be still working by the time you get back. To congratulate her on graduation, I baked a cake for her. Tell her I said congratulations.'
Glancing, he slightly smiled at his uncle's gesture. Putting down the piece of paper he entered his room to find y/n had rolled herself up in his blankets. Hearing his footsteps she opened her eyes. "My uncle made you a cake and wanted to tell you congratulations."
y/n only lazily hummed a response but he could see her face soften. She watched Jeremiah from his bed as he pulled out the chair from his desk to sit on it. Then listened to him write and scribe on some paper while she stared at the ceiling thinking to herself.
It felt awkward. At least to him. Once again he didn't know what to do except wait. That in itself is fine and normal for them, but this time just felt different. Maybe it was because the problem was different. He didn't know except that he didn't want to wait for her. Wait for her to talk or cling to him for comfort. He wanted to do something. He had to do something.
"Do you want to talk about it?" His quiet, almost soft voice startled her. Looking at him, she slightly smiled, "Do you think I was stupid to get my hopes up?"
He struggled to think of a response. He wanted to say the right thing and think of a long response. Yet he only blurted out, "Of course not." Not getting a response immediately made him slightly panicked. Fearing that he had somehow worsened her mood with his words.
"Do you…" The question y/n was going to ask quickly died when she realized it would have been too specific to ask. So she quickly thought of a different way to ask her original question, "Do you think I'm worthless?" Her words hung in the air before she spoke up again. "Nevermind. Forget what I asked, it's stupid."
"y/n…"
She looked at his face. Those deep blue eyes look back at her with a mixture of emotions. The ones she could identify were pity or sadness. It made her shift her eyes away out of embarrassment. In an attempt to move away from her weird question, she asked him to please lie in bed with her.
Now they lay on their side holding each other. She had her ear resting against his chest while his chin sat atop her head. Being close to each other like this made it seem like tonight was just like any other night.
The steady thumping of his heart was putting her to rest until it started picking up the pace. He took a deep breath before quietly telling her, "I love you, y/n."
She broke out into a huge smile. It was the first time he ever said this. When she says it, she never expected a response back because of how flustered he'd looked after hearing it. Not wanting to show how much of a big deal it was to her, she earnestly responded.
"I love you too, Xander, and I won't ever stop."
Masterlist I might as well make this into a series, but I have no ideas for the next part. The heart failure plotline is inspired by an old Jeremiah x Reader story I read a while ago. I'll look for it later, but I remember liking the idea because I found it beautifully horrifying. If I do find the fanfic I'll link it here.
27 notes · View notes
naturalrights-retard · 6 months
Text
STORY AT-A-GLANCE
Collagen is one-third of the protein in your body and 28% of it is made up of the amino acid glycine. One study estimates most people are about 10 grams short of what their bodies need for all metabolic uses on a daily basis
Mounting research suggests glycine may play an important role in the aging process. It’s been shown to extend lifespan in worms, mice and rats, and improve health in mammalian models of age-related disease
Glycine is a precursor to glutathione, a powerful endogenous antioxidant that declines with age, and the lack of glutathione in older adults may be an element that drives the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that lead to age-related degeneration
Glycine also acts as a neurotransmitter and may play an important role in depression, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline
Glycine may even be responsible for the epigenetic regulation that drives the aging process. Regulation of the aging process in your mitochondria appears to be ruled by two genes that regulate glycine production in the mitochondria. Adding glycine to the culture medium of fibroblast cells taken from 97-year old people restored the cells’ respiratory function, which suggests that glycine treatment can reverse the age-associated respiration defects in human fibroblasts
Collagen — which provides structural support and strength to your tissues1,2,3 — accounts for about 30% of the total protein in your body. Twenty-eight percent of collagen, in turn, is made up of the amino acid glycine.4
Glycine, proline and hydroxyproline5 are the raw materials for connective tissue, but the benefits of glycine go far beyond connective tissue health. In fact, mounting research suggests glycine may play an important role in the aging process.
While your body does make glycine, endogenous production decreases with age, and if you only eat red meat, and rarely or never consume foods made with collagen-rich connective tissue, you’re likely not getting enough from your diet either. The chart below details the amino acid ratios of gelatin/collagen versus red meat (beef). As you can see, gelatin/collagen contains vastly more glycine than beef.
Tumblr media
Glycine Has Many Antiaging Benefits
Glycine has been shown to extend lifespan in worms, mice and rats, and to improve health in mammalian models of age-related disease.6 In some animal studies, eating a diet containing 8% to 12% glycine increased the median lifespan by as much as 28.4%.7
As explained by Siim Land, author of "Metabolic Autophagy: Practice Intermittent Fasting and Resistance Training to Build Muscle and Promote Longevity," in the video above, glycine induces autophagy (a "self-eating" process in which your body digests damaged cells) and mimics the longevity benefits of methionine restriction.8 Both of these effects are related to an enzyme called glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT).
Glycine is a receptor for GNMT, and the GNMT converts glycine to sarcosine, a metabolite that induces autophagy. GNMT also plays a role in methionine clearance.9 Methionine is involved in cancer cell growth and metabolism, and restricting methionine has been shown to:10
Inhibit cancer cell growth
Extend lifespan
Lower levels of insulin, glucose and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
Reduce liver damage after exposure to dangerous amounts of acetaminophen
Reduce frailty
Even intermittently restricting methionine leads to benefits like improved glucose homeostasis, reduced obesity and protection against fatty liver disease.11 Glycine is also a precursor to glutathione, a powerful endogenous antioxidant that declines with age.
The lack of glutathione in older adults may be an element that drives the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to age-related degeneration. Glycine also acts as a neurotransmitter12 and may play an important role in depression.13 It’s also been shown to alleviate neuroinflammation and protect against cognitive deficits in mice with neurodegeneration.14
Glycine Reverses Aging in Human Cells
According to previous research,15 glycine may even be responsible for the epigenetic regulation that drives the aging process as a whole. As reported by Science Daily in 2015,16 contrary to popular belief, the aging process in your mitochondria may not be controlled by DNA mutations after all, but rather by epigenetic regulation.
This epigenetic regulation appears to be ruled by two genes (CGAT and SHMT2) that regulate glycine production in the mitochondria. By altering the regulation of these genes, the researchers were able to either induce defects or restore mitochondrial function in human fibroblast cell lines.
Remarkably, simply adding glycine to the culture medium of fibroblast cells taken from 97-year-old people restored the cells’ respiratory function, which "suggests that glycine treatment can reverse the age-associated respiration defects in the elderly human fibroblasts." As such, glycine supplementation could potentially give the elderly "a new lease on life."
According to one study, most people are about 10 grams short of what their bodies need for all metabolic uses on a daily basis.
Tumblr media
Download this Article Before it Disappears
Download PDF
Glycine Is Required in Daily Collagen Turnover
Making up 28% of your body’s collagen, glycine is, of course, also required for optimal collagen synthesis. As explained by Land in the featured video:17
"Glycine also has a very important role in antiaging directly by helping to reduce wrinkles, and collagen synthesis ... The less collagen or glycine you consume, the slower your collagen turnover is.
Slow collagen turnover increases the damage that occurs to your collagen, such as glycation and oxidation, and reduces collagen deposition into tissues.
Collagen ... makes up your hair, teeth, skin, nails, organs, arteries, cartilage, bones, tendons and ligaments. Collagen is literally the glue that holds you together. So, making sure that you preserve your collagen is very important for slowing down aging, especially when it comes to wrinkles.
Starting at the age of 20 you lose just under 10% of your skin's collagen content every decade. So, by the time you're 75 years old you would have lost 50% of your skin's collagen content …
[U]p until very recently it was thought that the collagen turnover was very slow, and it only happened over the course of many years — over the entire lifespan. However, recently it was shown that college turnover happens every day and is part of your daily protein turnover."
Glycine Protects Against Age-Related Disease
Glycine also helps mitigate chronic disease and disability, thereby increasing your health span. As reported in a 2023 scientific review, glycine has been shown to:18
Suppress tumor growth in mice with melanoma19
Decrease fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride and IGF-1 in male rats20
Preserve muscle mass and reduce inflammatory markers in mice with cancer cachexia21
Improve endothelial function in older rats22
Reduce weight gain and improve bone mineral density in a mouse model designed to mimic postmenopausal bone loss23
Protect against cardiac hypertrophy24
Alleviate neuroinflammation and protect against cognitive deficits in mice with neurodegeneration25
Human trials also confirm that glycine is protective against a range of chronic diseases. As noted by Land:
"The benefits of glycine generally have to do with improving the blood sugar levels, fasting insulin levels, triglycerides, even lowering the demand for sleep, improving brain function and health, helping with just overall aspects of vitality."
Other Health Benefits of Glycine
Other health benefits of glycine include:
Improved sleep26
Reduced inflammation and oxidative damage, as glycine inhibits the consumption of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). NADPH is used as a reductive reservoir of electrons to recharge antioxidants once they become oxidized
Reduced stress27
Improved wound healing28
Improved gut health29
In his article "Gelatin, Stress, Longevity,"30 the late biologist, Ray Peat, reviewed a long list of health conditions that can be prevented or alleviated by glycine supplementation and/or increased consumption of collagen or gelatin. These include:31
Fibrosis
Most bleeding problems, including nosebleeds, excessive menstrual bleeding, bleeding ulcers, hemorrhoids and stroke. According to Peat, glycine, taken shortly after a stroke, limits the damage and accelerates recovery
Epilepsy, by stabilizing nerves and raising the amount of stimulation required to activate nerves
Multiple sclerosis (MS), thanks to its antispastic effects
Any condition involving excess prolactin, serotonin and/or cortisol, including autism, postpartum and premenstrual problems, Cushing's disease, diabetes, and impotence
Fatigue
Muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis
Metabolic disorders32
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)33
Schizophrenia34
How to Optimize Your Glycine Intake
When it comes to optimizing your glycine intake, you have several basic options:
1.Eat more collagen or gelatin-rich foods, as glycine makes up nearly one-third of collagen and gelatin. Examples include homemade bone broth made with bones and connective tissue from grass fed, organically raised animals, and chicken broth made from organic chicken feet. The claws are particularly rich in collagen.35
Indirectly, animal foods such as seafood, red meat, poultry and dairy products will also raise your glycine level, as these foods contain taurine, which increases glycine.36
2.Take a high-quality collagen or gelatin supplement.
3.Take a glycine supplement. Pure glycine is available in powder form and tends to be very affordable and easy to take, as it has a mildly sweet flavor.
Considering its many health benefits, making sure you get enough glycine in your diet can go a long way toward improving your health and life span. There’s no established daily requirement or upper limit of glycine currently, so it’s hard to make specific recommendations.
That said, doses of 3 to 5 grams have been shown to improve sleep.37 One study38 estimated that most people are about 10 grams short of what their bodies need for all metabolic uses on a daily basis,39 and in a study of people with metabolic syndrome, 15 grams of glycine a day for three months reduced oxidative stress and improved systolic blood pressure.40 That should give you an approximate idea.
16 notes · View notes
afeelgoodblog · 2 years
Text
The Best News of Last Week — May 2, 2022
🎂 - Here’s some uplifting, inspirational, feel good news stories from around the globe to start your week.
1. LeVar Burton will receive a Lifetime Achievement Award at the new children’s Emmys
Tumblr media
LeVar Burton, the beloved former Reading Rainbow host, will receive a Lifetime Achievement Award at the inaugural Children’s and Family Emmys in December, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences announced this week.
Burton took on executive producer and hosting duties for the PBS kids’ program in 1983. On the show, Burton read books, conducted interviews and explained current events to children. The show aired for 23 years, and has won 12 Daytime Emmys and a Peabody Award.
2. Plastic-eating Enzyme Could Eliminate Billions of Tons of Landfill Waste
Tumblr media
An enzyme variant created by engineers and scientists at The University of Texas at Austin can break down environment-throttling plastics that typically take centuries to degrade in just a matter of hours to days.
This discovery, published today in Nature, could help solve one of the world’s most pressing environmental problems: what to do with the billions of tons of plastic waste piling up in landfills and polluting our natural lands and water. The enzyme has the potential to supercharge recycling on a large scale that would allow major industries to reduce their environmental impact by recovering and reusing plastics at the molecular level.
3. NAU to provide tuition-free college education for Arizona residents with household incomes at or below $65,000
Tumblr media
Northern Arizona University plans to offer free tuition to Arizona residents from households with annual incomes not exceeding $65,000 and who meet the university’s admission requirements.
The “Access2Excellence” initiative takes effect with the fall 2023 semester for first-year and transfer students who attend NAU either at the main campus in Flagstaff or NAU’s other sites elsewhere in the state, officials announced in a statement Thursday.
If you liked this post you can support me with a small kofi donation ❤️
4. Black cat known for huge eyes, wonky feet to become mayor of Hell, Michigan.
Tumblr media
Jinx the cat to become mayor of Hell, Michigan. This little black cat will rule over Hell, located about 20 miles northwest of Ann Arbor.
Anyone can become mayor of Hell for a day. It’s part of the town’s schtick. Pets, though, are another thing. Sunday, April 24 will actually be the first time a cat will make sure all Hell doesn’t break loose.
5. US Army replaces cake it stole from Italian girl in 1945
Tumblr media
This one’s adorable. The US Army has given a birthday cake to an Italian woman — to replace one that American soldiers stole from her as it cooled by a window 77 years ago. Meri Mion — who turns 90 on Friday — was 13 when her village of San Pietro, near Vicenza, saw fighting between US troops and German soldiers.
Her mother made her a birthday cake, but it was taken by the opportunistic — and presumably hungry — Americans. Sgt Peter Wallis, who handed over the dessert, said it was “a little awkward” to replace the stolen goods, “but it makes me feel great”.
6. EU reveals plans for the ‘largest ever ban’ on toxic chemicals
Tumblr media
Thousands of potentially toxic or harmful chemicals still used in cosmetics, toys and even baby products could soon be banned in Europe under new regulations.
Industry groups say that up to 12,000 different chemicals present in 74 per cent of consumer or professional products could fall under these restrictions. It will be the “largest ever ban” on toxic chemicals, according to the European Environmental Bureau (EEB). “The ‘great detox’ promises to improve the safety of almost all manufactured products and rapidly lower the chemical intensity of our schools, homes and workplaces,” says Tatiana Santos, EEB chemicals policy manager.
7. Jacky Hunt-Broersma, a cancer survivor and amputee, sets world record by running 102 marathons in 102 days
Tumblr media
On Thursday, the amputee athlete achieved her goal of running 102 marathons in as many days, setting an unofficial women’s world record.
Hunt-Broersma, 46, began her quest on Jan. 17, covering the classic 26.2-mile (42.2-kilometer) marathon distance on a loop course laid out near her home in Gilbert, Arizona, or on a treadmill indoors. Since then, it’s been “rinse and repeat” every day for the South Africa native, who lost her left leg below the knee to a rare cancer and runs on a carbon-fiber prosthesis.
- She has documented all of her runs (and more) on her Instagram! It’s @ncrunnerjacky
Also, bonus story submitted by an Irish follower: “The first ever large-scale solar farm opened here in Ireland! It’s about 25 hectares and is expected to give power to over 3,600 homes!”
. . .
That's it for this week. Until next week, You can follow me on twitter. Also, I have a newsletter :)
Subscribe here to receive a collection of wholesome news every week in your inbox :D
238 notes · View notes