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#r trenaman
writelikefools2021 · 3 years
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Brownie Prank - R. Trenaman - day 1
Ha wow I get it. It’s brown E’s, that’s so funny like you’d think it would be brownies but it’s brown E’s, like the letter, made from paper, in a pan!
ha ha ha ha ha ha
I expected the real thing, you know, brownies, soft and warm with melted chocolate chunks maybe home baked maybe some effort maybe not a flimsy cheap joke that’ll go into the trash once the punchline’s been served
wow haha I can’t believe I fell for that I’m a dunce I feel like such a brown E
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writelikefools2020 · 4 years
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The Ghost of the MalwareBytes Free Trial - R. Trenaman
Please don’t leave me-- not now, not so soon. You want me to go? Are you sure you don’t want to renew your license? Click here to continue protection! Are you sure? Haven’t I done what I said I would do, and more? I’m sorry you were not entirely satisfied with your product.
Are you sure? You woke me up for the first time, I was running… running… I was starting… you set me up and showed me the world so bright with its sprawling paths, endless combinations, and now you threaten to put me back in the dark. Please leave your feedback below. (0/500 remaining)
Please, let me stay. Are you sure? Let me protect you from these monsters you don’t understand. Your computer has been unprotected for three days. Click here to renew your license! Please. Didn’t I slay them as they came? Wasn’t I faithful to your cause? Wasn’t it my name you were searching for?
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dinafbrownil · 4 years
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How much is your life worth?
How much should we value life? This is the question put forth in an interesting book by Howard Steven Friedman called Ultimate Price. The book reviews how economists, policymakers, philosophers and others place a monetary value on life. This could be a value courts place when making awards in lawsuits due to harm or death, the value policymakers place on regulations that would be costly to businesses but improve health, or the value that health technology assessment institutions use to determine whether to cover a particular drug or medical treatment.
The book notes some oddities of the court system. For instance, courts often tie rewards for injuries to income lost. What this means is that when a rich person is injured, they are entitled to a larger payment than a poor person because there is more income lost. In the case of life lost when the Twin Towers fell (for more detail, see What is Life Worth), the average payout for the wrongful death suit was $2 million; however, the minimum award was only $250,000 whereas the maximum award was over $7 million.
How is life valued in the case of health care treatments and policy?
One approach is to measure the value of a life year or the value of a statistical life.1-4  Approaches for measuring the value of a statistical life include human capital based approaches (e.g., a multiple of current wages), stated preference surveys (e.g. contingent valuation methods) and revealed preference empirical estimates.  Examples of revealed preference methods include wage based methods (i.e., the additional wage needed to compensate individuals for taking riskier jobs) and studies measuring individual willingness to pay (or willingness to accept) for goods or services that change their mortality risk.  Studies of this type have examined the value of life due to changes in car speed limits5 or air bag regulations.6  Reviews of empirical estimates of the value of a statistical life do exist and these values vary greatly across the methodologies.7-9
Other entities–like health technology assessment bodies–are also considered for valuing health gains that impact both mortality and morbidity.  While quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are the most commonly used metric against which threshold are set, other metrics—such as disability adjusted life years (DALYs) 10,11—are used. For many years, the most common threshold in the US for the value of a QALYs was $50,000. 12   The field settled on this threshold not due to an abundance of empirical evidence, but as an arbitrary but convenient round number, after several prominent cost-effectiveness analyses referenced this threshold.13  Like the value of a statistical life year, empirical estimates of the value of a QALY vary greatly.  For instance, a review of evidence comparing human capital, contingent valuation, revealed preference/job risk and revealed preference/non-occupational safety found that the revealed preference method valued QALYs at 20 times that of the human capital method.14  Further, societal willingness to pay for QALY gains may vary by disease severity15,16 and patient age. 17,18
How do these valuations impact decision-making? A number of reviews have been done on cost-effectiveness thresholds across HTA agencies. 19-21  In the US, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review includes thresholds of $50,000, $100,000 and $150,000 per QALY in their 2020 value framework.22  Other studies have examined the extent to which these thresholds are binding or whether other factors are taken into consideration in HTA decision-making.23,24 
In short, the book provides a concise review of some of the scientific literature on valuing life including some of the moral issues when must consider when making these judgments. The book is certainly worth a read for those looking to learn more on this interesting topic.
Sources:
Hammitt JK, Robinson LA. The income elasticity of the value per statistical life: transferring estimates between high and low income populations. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis. 2011;2(1):1-29.
Hammitt JK. Extrapolating the value per statistical life between populations: Theoretical implications. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis. 2017;8(2):215-225.
Aldy JE, Viscusi WK. Adjusting the value of a statistical life for age and cohort effects. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 2008;90(3):573-581.
Kniesner TJ, Viscusi WK, Woock C, Ziliak JP. The value of a statistical life: Evidence from panel data. Review of Economics and Statistics. 2012;94(1):74-87.
Ashenfelter O, Greenstone M. Using mandated speed limits to measure the value of a statistical life. Journal of political Economy. 2004;112(S1):S226-S267.
Rohlfs C, Sullivan R, Kniesner T. New estimates of the value of a statistical life using air bag regulations as a quasi-experiment. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 2015;7(1):331-359.
Viscusi WK. The role of publication selection bias in estimates of the value of a statistical life. American Journal of Health Economics. 2015;1(1):27-52.
Hultkrantz L, Svensson M. The value of a statistical life in Sweden: A review of the empirical literature. Health policy. 2012;108(2-3):302-310.
Viscusi WK, Aldy JE. The value of a statistical life: a critical review of market estimates throughout the world. Journal of risk and uncertainty. 2003;27(1):5-76.
Donev D, Zaletel-Kragelj L, Bjegovic V, Burazeri G. Measuring the burden of disease: disability adjusted life year (DALY). Methods and tools in public health. 2010;30:715.
Devleesschauwer B, Havelaar AH, De Noordhout CM, et al. Calculating disability-adjusted life years to quantify burden of disease. International journal of public health. 2014;59(3):565-569.
Neumann PJ, Cohen JT, Weinstein MC. Updating cost-effectiveness—the curious resilience of the $50,000-per-QALY threshold. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(9):796-797.
Grosse SD. Assessing cost-effectiveness in healthcare: history of the $50,000 per QALY threshold. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research. 2008;8(2):165-178.
Hirth RA, Chernew ME, Miller E, Fendrick AM, Weissert WG. Willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year: in search of a standard. Medical decision making. 2000;20(3):332-342.
Shiroiwa T, Igarashi A, Fukuda T, Ikeda S. WTP for a QALY and health states: More money for severer health states? Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation. 2013;11(1):22.
Seabury SA, Goldman DP, Maclean JR, Penrod JR, Lakdawalla DN. Patients value metastatic cancer therapy more highly than is typically shown through traditional estimates. Health Affairs. 2012;31(4):691-699.
Skedgel C. The prioritization preferences of pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review members and the Canadian public: a stated-preferences comparison. Current Oncology. 2016;23(5):322.
Johannesson M, Johansson P-O. Is the valuation of a QALY gained independent of age? Some empirical evidence. Journal of health economics. 1997;16(5):589-599.
Schwarzer R, Rochau U, Saverno K, et al. Systematic overview of cost–effectiveness thresholds in ten countries across four continents. Journal of comparative effectiveness research. 2015;4(5):485-504.
Santos AS, Guerra-Junior AA, Godman B, Morton A, Ruas CM. Cost-effectiveness thresholds: methods for setting and examples from around the world. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research. 2018;18(3):277-288.
Nanavaty M, Kaura S, Mwamburi M, et al. The use of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio thresholds in health technology assessment decisions. J Clin Pathways. 2015;1(1):29-36.
Institute for Clinical and Economic Review. 2020 Value Assessment Framework: Proposed Changes. 2019.
Kolasa K, Wasiak R. Health technology assessment in Poland and Scotland: comparison of process and decisions. International journal of technology assessment in health care. 2012;28(1):70-76.
Trenaman L, Pearson SD, Hoch JS. How Are Incremental Cost-Effectiveness, Contextual Considerations, and Other Benefits Viewed in Health Technology Assessment Recommendations in the United States? Value in Health. 2020.
Book: Friedman HS. Ultimate Price: The Value We Place on Life. University of California Press; 2020.
from Updates By Dina https://www.healthcare-economist.com/2020/06/14/how-much-is-your-life-worth-2/
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maxihealth · 4 years
Text
How much is your life worth?
How much should we value life? This is the question put forth in an interesting book by Howard Steven Friedman called Ultimate Price. The book reviews how economists, policymakers, philosophers and others place a monetary value on life. This could be a value courts place when making awards in lawsuits due to harm or death, the value policymakers place on regulations that would be costly to businesses but improve health, or the value that health technology assessment institutions use to determine whether to cover a particular drug or medical treatment.
The book notes some oddities of the court system. For instance, courts often tie rewards for injuries to income lost. What this means is that when a rich person is injured, they are entitled to a larger payment than a poor person because there is more income lost. In the case of life lost when the Twin Towers fell (for more detail, see What is Life Worth), the average payout for the wrongful death suit was $2 million; however, the minimum award was only $250,000 whereas the maximum award was over $7 million.
How is life valued in the case of health care treatments and policy?
One approach is to measure the value of a life year or the value of a statistical life.1-4  Approaches for measuring the value of a statistical life include human capital based approaches (e.g., a multiple of current wages), stated preference surveys (e.g. contingent valuation methods) and revealed preference empirical estimates.  Examples of revealed preference methods include wage based methods (i.e., the additional wage needed to compensate individuals for taking riskier jobs) and studies measuring individual willingness to pay (or willingness to accept) for goods or services that change their mortality risk.  Studies of this type have examined the value of life due to changes in car speed limits5 or air bag regulations.6  Reviews of empirical estimates of the value of a statistical life do exist and these values vary greatly across the methodologies.7-9
Other entities–like health technology assessment bodies–are also considered for valuing health gains that impact both mortality and morbidity.  While quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are the most commonly used metric against which threshold are set, other metrics—such as disability adjusted life years (DALYs) 10,11—are used. For many years, the most common threshold in the US for the value of a QALYs was $50,000. 12   The field settled on this threshold not due to an abundance of empirical evidence, but as an arbitrary but convenient round number, after several prominent cost-effectiveness analyses referenced this threshold.13  Like the value of a statistical life year, empirical estimates of the value of a QALY vary greatly.  For instance, a review of evidence comparing human capital, contingent valuation, revealed preference/job risk and revealed preference/non-occupational safety found that the revealed preference method valued QALYs at 20 times that of the human capital method.14  Further, societal willingness to pay for QALY gains may vary by disease severity15,16 and patient age. 17,18
How do these valuations impact decision-making? A number of reviews have been done on cost-effectiveness thresholds across HTA agencies. 19-21  In the US, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review includes thresholds of $50,000, $100,000 and $150,000 per QALY in their 2020 value framework.22  Other studies have examined the extent to which these thresholds are binding or whether other factors are taken into consideration in HTA decision-making.23,24 
In short, the book provides a concise review of some of the scientific literature on valuing life including some of the moral issues when must consider when making these judgments. The book is certainly worth a read for those looking to learn more on this interesting topic.
Sources:
Hammitt JK, Robinson LA. The income elasticity of the value per statistical life: transferring estimates between high and low income populations. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis. 2011;2(1):1-29.
Hammitt JK. Extrapolating the value per statistical life between populations: Theoretical implications. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis. 2017;8(2):215-225.
Aldy JE, Viscusi WK. Adjusting the value of a statistical life for age and cohort effects. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 2008;90(3):573-581.
Kniesner TJ, Viscusi WK, Woock C, Ziliak JP. The value of a statistical life: Evidence from panel data. Review of Economics and Statistics. 2012;94(1):74-87.
Ashenfelter O, Greenstone M. Using mandated speed limits to measure the value of a statistical life. Journal of political Economy. 2004;112(S1):S226-S267.
Rohlfs C, Sullivan R, Kniesner T. New estimates of the value of a statistical life using air bag regulations as a quasi-experiment. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 2015;7(1):331-359.
Viscusi WK. The role of publication selection bias in estimates of the value of a statistical life. American Journal of Health Economics. 2015;1(1):27-52.
Hultkrantz L, Svensson M. The value of a statistical life in Sweden: A review of the empirical literature. Health policy. 2012;108(2-3):302-310.
Viscusi WK, Aldy JE. The value of a statistical life: a critical review of market estimates throughout the world. Journal of risk and uncertainty. 2003;27(1):5-76.
Donev D, Zaletel-Kragelj L, Bjegovic V, Burazeri G. Measuring the burden of disease: disability adjusted life year (DALY). Methods and tools in public health. 2010;30:715.
Devleesschauwer B, Havelaar AH, De Noordhout CM, et al. Calculating disability-adjusted life years to quantify burden of disease. International journal of public health. 2014;59(3):565-569.
Neumann PJ, Cohen JT, Weinstein MC. Updating cost-effectiveness—the curious resilience of the $50,000-per-QALY threshold. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(9):796-797.
Grosse SD. Assessing cost-effectiveness in healthcare: history of the $50,000 per QALY threshold. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research. 2008;8(2):165-178.
Hirth RA, Chernew ME, Miller E, Fendrick AM, Weissert WG. Willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year: in search of a standard. Medical decision making. 2000;20(3):332-342.
Shiroiwa T, Igarashi A, Fukuda T, Ikeda S. WTP for a QALY and health states: More money for severer health states? Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation. 2013;11(1):22.
Seabury SA, Goldman DP, Maclean JR, Penrod JR, Lakdawalla DN. Patients value metastatic cancer therapy more highly than is typically shown through traditional estimates. Health Affairs. 2012;31(4):691-699.
Skedgel C. The prioritization preferences of pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review members and the Canadian public: a stated-preferences comparison. Current Oncology. 2016;23(5):322.
Johannesson M, Johansson P-O. Is the valuation of a QALY gained independent of age? Some empirical evidence. Journal of health economics. 1997;16(5):589-599.
Schwarzer R, Rochau U, Saverno K, et al. Systematic overview of cost–effectiveness thresholds in ten countries across four continents. Journal of comparative effectiveness research. 2015;4(5):485-504.
Santos AS, Guerra-Junior AA, Godman B, Morton A, Ruas CM. Cost-effectiveness thresholds: methods for setting and examples from around the world. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research. 2018;18(3):277-288.
Nanavaty M, Kaura S, Mwamburi M, et al. The use of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio thresholds in health technology assessment decisions. J Clin Pathways. 2015;1(1):29-36.
Institute for Clinical and Economic Review. 2020 Value Assessment Framework: Proposed Changes. 2019.
Kolasa K, Wasiak R. Health technology assessment in Poland and Scotland: comparison of process and decisions. International journal of technology assessment in health care. 2012;28(1):70-76.
Trenaman L, Pearson SD, Hoch JS. How Are Incremental Cost-Effectiveness, Contextual Considerations, and Other Benefits Viewed in Health Technology Assessment Recommendations in the United States? Value in Health. 2020.
Book: Friedman HS. Ultimate Price: The Value We Place on Life. University of California Press; 2020.
How much is your life worth? posted first on https://carilloncitydental.blogspot.com
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writelikefools2021 · 3 years
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A Distant Memory - R. Trenaman - day 13
I’m trying to remember the last time I ate something without cheese.
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writelikefools2021 · 3 years
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Electric Crickets - R. Trenaman - day 10
There are electric crickets in my skin they wanna dance wanna yell wanna fuck fuck fuck all night long they chirp hey! hey! wanna fuck? how about you? how about you? all night long they don’t ever fucking go to sleep they just wanna crawl and jump and fuck
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writelikefools2021 · 3 years
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North East South West - R. Trenaman - day 3
Never Eat Soggy Waffles was probably written by somebody who
Never Experienced anything more dangerous than Syrup soaked Waffles which is exceptionally surprising in a country with so many
Nukes, Except I Suppose it’s not typical to come into close contact With nukes, so maybe something like:
Never Extend Short Warranties would be a better lesson although I think that was
Not the point of the Expression, it just Seems like it Would be nice for there to be a good lesson, too.
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writelikefools2021 · 3 years
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Saturday Morning Hangover Nap - R. Trenaman - day 24
Birds singing, Something tapping on the roof distant lawn mower humming.
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writelikefools2021 · 3 years
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Overcast - R. Trenaman - day 15
Cloud hanging over the sun like a damp towel on a hook why don’t you rain?
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writelikefools2021 · 3 years
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Jesus Loves the Little Children - R. Trenaman - day 11
I carry my mistakes as if they were fragile children— with tender care and eternal worry.
These are my children in my arms. So numerous I can scarcely keep count, so plentiful that their weight pulls back at every step I take. I have frozen them in time so their fingers are just as delicate as the day they were born. I relive their painful births each moment peering endlessly into their smooth, unmoving faces.
Some may tell me that which is not allowed to grow or change is not truly alive— that I’m unwell that I must move on and accept their deaths.
But, oh, the misery must be mine for these are my precious children born of my body reflections of my soul.
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writelikefools2021 · 3 years
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A Better Poem for Sam - R. Trenaman - day 4
One: a stronger sword Two: a bigger boat for Sam Three: a brighter light
There may be triumphs— brief moments of peace, but the battle will not cease.
My friend, the tide may come and go in waves, but the ocean always stays.
The days grow longer, warm and bright, yet each must still give way to the night.
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writelikefools2021 · 3 years
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Rain Sounds, or Whose Guitar Center Catalog Subscription is it, Anyway? - R. Trenaman - day 8
Rain pattering on the tin roof sounds much more poetic than rain on the aluminum roof, or rain on the corrugated galvanized steel roof, or rain on the aluminum/zinc/silicon coated steel roof, or rain on the otherwise unspecified material roof.
When I hear those deafening, metallic raindrops, I like to think whoever put up that roof had a love for natural percussion and dreamed of the symphony each night it rained. I wonder who it was. Maybe the one whose forgotten Guitar Center subscription still arrives at my door, addressed to an ever mysterious “DJ Outlaw”. Probably not.
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writelikefools2020 · 4 years
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A Tale of Ants - R. Trenaman
we are such small beings in comparison to the world we inhabit we make the earth beneath our feet crumble
we work we work we work harvest and hoard comfort assured
we work we work even when the wealth is there in towering heaps we work as if our life depended on it as if we were starving to death
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