#paul ekman

[grahamstoney]

Lie To Me

New Post has been published on https://grahamstoney.com/communication/lie

Lie To Me

One of my favourite TV shows is Lie To Me. Tim Roth plays Dr Cal Lightman, an eccentric expert in deception detection who runs his own consulting business primarily assisting lawyers and prosecutors get to the truth. There’s always a story behind the story, and the trick is to work out who’s lying about it. His techniques combine reading of facial microexpressions, body language, gestures and human behaviour to discern the true emotions of everyone involved; often including his own staff.

Having learned the art of stripping away people’s facades to reveal what is really going on underneath, Dr Lightman has an arrogant edge about him, which is tempered by his paranoia and the painful dysfunctional relationships that he finds himself in. He sees through the white lies that other people spin to soften the real truth from him, and relies on his ability to cut through the protective shields of other people’s personalities to avoid exposing his own vulnerabilities. Dr Lightman was initially driven to study microexpressions by guilt after the suicide of his mother, who fooled her psychiatrist into into thinking that she had recovered enough from her mental problems to gain weekend release from a psychiatric institution; when in fact her aim was to get out just so that should could attempt suicide. The grief surrounding his mother’s death, and his inability to prevent it, is something he still hasn’t really got over.

It is ironic that in his quest to get the truth out of other people, Dr Lightman and his staff often resort to theatrics and outright deception. He will set up a false scenario or make deceptive statements purely to see how the person in question will respond; will they take the bait? Will they react with fear or shame? Will they trip up and inadvertantly reveal the truth? Hell-bent on getting to the truth, he is prepared to lie and cheat in order to do it. Yet because we can see that underneath it all he’s quite a flawed character, he ends up coming across as really likeable. Getting the balance just right to make this happen is where the real acting skill is, and reminds me of one of my other favourite abrasive characters, Dr House in the show House, played by Hugh Laurie.

Aside from the interesting drama that unfolds on the show, Lie To Me has a lot to teach about human behaviour and interactions. The show is based on the scientific work of Paul Ekman, a psychologist who has studied the relationship between emotions and facial microexpressions. Main characters in the show refer to emotional indications in the expressions or mannerisms of the people they are working with, based on Ekman’s work. We see realistic portrayals of guilt, shame, honesty, anger, resentment, scorn and other emotions, cleverly intercut with pictures of known celebrities in the same emotional states while going into ad breaks. Ekman’s research has found that most people are relatively poor at reading facial microexpressions, but can be trained quite quickly to become better at empathising with other people through the use of a microexpression training set. Not only are we all fascinated by lying, and how to detect it, but this basis in real science makes for an intelligent drama.

The relationships between the main characters working with and for Dr Lightman always seem to be coloured by the absolute requirement to be honest with each other. Any deception is immediately picked up, given that they’re all trained to recognise it instinctively. This seems to add to the tension between them, and particularly between Dr Lightman and his most senior colleague Dr Gillian Foster, played by Kellie Williams. Another character Eli Loker, played by Brendan Hines, subscribes to the theory of radical honesty described in the book Radical Honesty by psychologist Brad Blanton, which really blew me away when I read it recently. As a result, Loker often appears abrupt in his interactions with other characters. Blanton’s theory is that most human stress is caused by our unwillingness, inability, or inculcation to avoid being really truthful with other people, especially in difficult circumstances. Sounds great in theory, but Loker’s character suggests that doing so all the time becomes awkward and may even distance us from other people.

All good drama has things to teach about human interactions, but it’s rare that the lessons are as obvious as they are in Lie To Me. Yet it works. I think they’ve got a good balance between plots that are dramatically interesting, and the quite overt inclusion of information about when someone is lying, shameful, or being honest. Sometimes the plots seem a bit far-fetched; Cal Lightman seems to attract way more than his fair share of trouble to feed his underlying paranoia. Occasional plot devices push me beyond the limits of my ability to suspend disbelief and just get lost in the action. But overall, I find Lie To Me fascinating for both the drama and what it has to teach about human dynamics, human interactions, and the art of reading other people’s true emotions; despite what they may say they are thinking or feeling at the time.

#deception #Human behavior #lies #Microexpression #Paul Ekman #psychology #radical honesty #relationship #social psychology #sociology #television #Communication

[usunezukoinezu]

Emotions can prevent us from having access to all that we know, to information that would be at our fingertips if we were not emotional but that during the emotion is inaccessible to us. When we are gripped by an inappropriate emotion, we interpret what is happening in a way that fits with how we are feeling and ignore our knowledge that doesn't fit.

Paul Ekman

#Paul Ekman

[memoriae-lectoris]

In fact, nowadays computers can surpass us in tasks we usually think are uniquely human.

For example, computers can detect emotions more effectively than humans. Paul Ekman, a famous psychologist, discovered micro-expressions: the minimal movements in your 40 facial muscles that lead to certain expressions. After many years of research, Ekman figured out which of 3,000 different micro-expressions is connected to which emotion. The result is his Facial Action Coding System.

This is how it works: If you put all this emotional data into a computer equipped with a camera, and point it at a human face, the computer can correctly detect the emotion 85 percent of the time. Whereas humans, even with training, got it right only 55 percent of the time!

#book: humans are underrated #AI #Facial Action Coding System #Paul Ekman #emotion #emotion recognition #meanwhile i suck at recognize it as an autistic girl

[shoezuki]

Psychology courses suck cuz youll find out bout some dope psychologist n be like oh thank god a cool one then you find out theyre dead

#afraid to google paul ekman rn

[dragonomatopoeia]

whenever i read a very thoughtful and compelling work by a deceased academic who was working with outdated models i always think damn i would LOVE to have seen your takes with more up-to-date information

#brian sutton-smith you lived a long life and i'm glad #but i want to see what you would have produced without ekman's stupid fucking universal emotions shit binding you #paul ekman you know what you've done.

[rwpohl]

*

*

#intermezzo #gustaf molander #1936 #ingrid bergman #gösta ekman #eine liebe von swann #kinski #paganini #paris blues #paul newman #wismut

[vongue]

Mindfulness: How to Call Off the Emotional Attack Dogs

“You want to be able to choose when you become emotional and what you become emotional about.�� – Dr. Paul Ekman

“You want to be able to choose when you become emotional and what you become emotional about.” – Dr. Paul Ekman “You want to be able to choose how you act when you are emotional.” We are not born with the innate ability to choose when we become emotional. We are not born with the ability to choose how we act when we are emotional. We must learn these skills. Mindfulness: How to Call Off the…

View On WordPress

#Dr. Paul Ekman #motivation #reviews

[haggishlyhagging]

The book list copied from feminist-reprise

Radical Lesbian Feminist Theory

A Passion for Friends: Toward a Philosophy of Female Affection, Jan Raymond

Call Me Lesbian: Lesbian Lives, Lesbian Theory, Julia Penelope

The Lesbian Heresy, Sheila Jeffreys

The Lesbian Body, Monique Wittig

Politics of Reality, Marilyn Frye

Willful Virgin: Essays in Feminism 1976-1992, Marilyn Frye

Lesbian Ethics, Sarah Hoagland

Sister/Outsider, Audre Lorde

Radical Feminist Theory –  General/Collections

Freedom Fallacy: The Limits of Liberal Feminism, edited by Miranda Kiraly and Meagan Tyler

Radically Speaking: Feminism Reclaimed, Renate Klein and Diane Bell

Love and Politics, Carol Anne Douglas

The Dialectic of Sex–The Case for Feminist Revolution, Shulamith Firestone

Sisterhood is Powerful, Robin Morgan, ed.

Radical Feminism: A Documentary Reader, edited by Barbara A. Crow

Three Guineas, Virginia Woolf

Sexual Politics, Kate Millett

Radical Feminism, Anne Koedt, Ellen Levine, and Anita Rapone, eds.

On Lies, Secrets and Silence, Adrienne Rich

Beyond Power: On Women, Men and Morals, Marilyn French

Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law, Catharine MacKinnon

Femininity and Domination: Studies in the Phenomenology of Oppression, Sandra Bartky

Life and Death, Andrea Dworkin

This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color, Gloria Anzaldua and Cherrie Moraga, eds.

Wildfire:  Igniting the She/Volution, Sonia Johnson

Homegirls: A Black Feminist Anthology, Barbara Smith ed.

Fugitive Information, Kay Leigh Hagan

Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black, bell hooks

Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center, bell hooks

Deals with the Devil and Other Reasons to Riot, Pearl Cleage

Pilgrimages/Peregrinajes, Maria Lugones

In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens, Alice Walker

The Whole Woman, Germaine Greer

Right Wing Women, Andrea Dworkin

Feminist Theory – Specific Areas

Prostitution

Paid For: My Journey Through Prostitution, Rachel Moran

Being and Being Bought: Prostitution, Surrogacy, and the Split Self, Kajsa Ekis Ekman

The Industrial Vagina: The Political Economy of the Global Sex Trade, Sheila Jeffreys

Female Sexual Slavery, Kathleen Barry

Women, Lesbians, and Prostitution:  A Workingclass Dyke Speaks Out Against Buying Women for Sex, by Toby Summer, in Lesbian Culture: An Anthology, Julia Penelope and Susan Wolfe, eds.

Ten Reasons for Not Legalizing Prostitution, Jan Raymond

The Legalisation of Prostitution : A failed social experiment, Sheila Jeffreys

Making the Harm Visible: Global Sexual Exploitation of Women and Girls, Donna M. Hughes and Claire Roche, eds.

Prostitution, Trafficking, and Traumatic Stress, Melissa Farley

Not for Sale: Feminists Resisting Prostitution and Pornography, Christine Stark and Rebecca Whisnant, eds.

Pornography

Pornland: How Pornography Has Hijacked Our Sexuality, Gail Dines

Pornified: How Porn is Damaging Our Lives, Our Relationships, and Our Families, Pamela Paul

Pornography: Men Possessing Women, Andrea Dworkin

Pornography: The Production and Consumption of Inequality, Gail Dines

Pornography: Evidence of the Harm, Diana Russell

Pornography and Sexual Violence:  Evidence of the Links (transcript of Minneapolis hearings published by Everywoman in the UK)

Rape

Against Our Will, Susan Brownmiller

Rape In Marriage, Diana Russell

Incest

Secret Trauma, Diana Russell

Victimized Daughters: Incest and the Development of the Female Self, Janet Liebman Jacobs

Battering/Domestic Violence

Loving to Survive, Dee Graham

Trauma and Recovery, Judith Herman

Why Does He Do That? Inside the Minds of Angry and Controlling Men, Lundy Bancroft

Sadomasochism/”Sex Wars”

Unleashing Feminism: Critiquing Lesbian Sadomasochism in the Gay Nineties, Irene Reti, ed.

The Sex Wars, Lisa Duggan and Nan D. Hunter, eds.

The Sexual Liberals and the Attack on Feminism, edited by Dorchen Leidholdt and Janice Raymond

Sex, Lies, and Feminism, Charlotte Croson, off our backs, June 2001

How Orgasm Politics Has Hijacked the Women’s Movement, Sheila Jeffreys

A Vision of Lesbian Sexuality, Janice Raymond, in All The Rage: Reasserting Radical Lesbian Feminism, Lynne Harne & Elaine Miller, eds.

Sex and Feminism: Who Is Being Silenced? Adriene Sere in SaidIt, 2001

Consuming Passions: Some Thoughts on History, Sex and Free Enterprise by De Clarke (From Unleashing Feminism).

Separatism/Women-Only Space

“No Dobermans Allowed,”  Carolyn Gage, in Lesbian Culture: An Anthology, Julia Penelope and Susan Wolfe, eds.

For Lesbians Only:  A Separatist Anthology, Julia Penelope & Sarah Hoagland, eds.

Exploring the Value of Women-Only Space, Kya Ogyn

Medicine

Witches, Midwives and Nurses: A History of Women Healers, Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English

For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts’ Advice to Women, Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English

The Hidden Malpractice: How American Medicine Treats Women as Patients and Professionals, Gena Corea

The Mother Machine: Reproductive Technologies from Artificial Insemination to Artificial Wombs, Gena Corea

Women and Madness, Phyllis Chesler

Women, Health and the Politics of Fat, Amy Winter, in Rain And Thunder, Autumn Equinox 2003, No. 20

Changing Our Minds: Lesbian Feminism and Psychology, Celia Kitzinger and Rachel Perkins

Motherhood

Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution, Adrienne Rich

The Reproduction of Mothering, Nancy Chodorow

Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace, Sara Ruddick

Marriage/Heterosexuality

Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence, Adrienne Rich

The Spinster and Her Enemies: Feminism and Sexuality 1880-1930, Sheila Jeffreys

Anticlimax: A Feminist Perspective on the Sexual Revolution, Sheila Jeffreys

Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman, Michele Wallace

The Sexual Contract, Carol Pateman

A Radical Dyke Experiment for the Next Century: 5 Things to Work for Instead of Same-Sex Marriage, Betsy Brown in off our backs, January 2000 V.30; N.1 p. 24

Intercourse, Andrea Dworkin

Transgender/Queer Politics

Gender Hurts, Sheila Jeffreys

Female Erasure, edited by Ruth Barrett

Testosterone Rex: Unmaking the Myths of Our Gendered Minds, Cordelia Fine

Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference, Cordelina Fine

Sexing the Body: Gender and the Construction of Sexuality, Anne Fausto-Sterling

Myths of Gender, Anne Fausto-Sterling

Unpacking Queer Politics, Sheila Jeffreys

The Transsexual Empire: The Making of the She-Male, Janice Raymond

The Inconvenient Truth of Teena Brandon, Carolyn Gage

Language

Speaking Freely: Unlearning the Lies of the Fathers’ Tongues, Julia Penelope

Websters’ First New Intergalactic Wickedary, Mary Daly

Man Made Language, Dale Spender

Feminist Theology/Spirituality/Religion

Beyond God the Father: Toward a Philosophy of Women’s Liberation, Mary Daly

Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism, Mary Daly

The Gods and Goddesses of Old Europe, Marija Gimbutas

Woman, Church and State, Matilda Joslyn Gage

The Women’s Bible, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Pure Lust, Mary Daly

Backlash

The War Against Women, Marilyn French

Backlash, Susan Faludi

History/Memoir

Surpassing the Love of Men, Lillian Faderman

Going Too Far:  The Personal Chronicles of a Feminist, Robin Morgan

Women of Ideas, and What Men Have Done to Them, Dale Spender

The Creation of Patriarchy, Gerda Lerner

The Creation of Feminist Consciousness, From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy, Gerda Lerner

Why History Matters, Gerda Lerner

A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Mary Wollstonecraft, ed.

The Elizabeth Cady Stanton-Susan B. Anthony Reader: Correspondence, Writings, Speeches, Ellen Carol Dubois, ed., Gerda Lerner, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

The Suffragette Movement, Sylvia Pankhurst

In Our Time: Memoirs of a Revolution, Susan Brownmiller

Women, Race and Class, Angela Y. Davis

Economy

Counting for Nothing: What Men Value and What Women Are Worth, Marilyn Waring

For-Giving:  A Feminist Criticism of Exchange, Genevieve Vaughn

Fat/Body Image/Appearance

Shadow on a Tightrope: Writings by Women on Fat Oppression, Lisa Schoenfielder and Barb Wieser

Beauty and Misogyny: Harmful Cultural Practices in the West, Sheila Jeffreys

Can’t Buy My Love: How Advertising Changes the Way We Think and Feel, Jean Kilbourne

The Beauty Myth, Naomi Wolf

Unbearable Weight:  Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body, Susan Bordo

The Invisible Woman:  Confronting Weight Prejudice in America, Charisse Goodman

Women En Large: Photographs of Fat Nudes, Laurie Toby Edison and Debbie Notkin

Disability

With the Power of Each Breath:  A Disabled Women’s Anthology, Susan E. Browne, Debra Connors, and Nanci Stern

#tbr list

[deducter]

Decoding the Unsaid: microexpressions

Microexpressions, those fleeting and involuntary facial movements that last only a fraction of a second. They are the telltale signs that betray genuine feelings, even when one is attempting to hide or mask them.

These rapid expressions, often unnoticed by the untrained eye, provide invaluable insight into a person's true emotional state. Just as a single word can hold great meaning, a mere flicker of a microexpression can reveal volumes about an individual's thoughts, intentions, and hidden emotions. They are the unfiltered glimpses into the inner workings of the human mind.

By studying microexpressions, one can decipher the truth behind a person's words, detecting sincerity, doubt, fear, or even concealed anger. The ability to recognize these subtle cues and interpret them accurately is a skill that can aid in investigations, negotiations, or any situation where understanding true emotions is paramount.

However, it is important to note that microexpressions are not foolproof indicators of deception or honesty on their own. Context, baseline behaviour, and other non-verbal cues must be considered to arrive at a comprehensive understanding. A single microexpression is only one piece of the puzzle.

The study of microexpressions requires a keen eye, meticulous observation, and a deep understanding of human psychology.

In the realm of deduction, microexpressions are invaluable tools, enabling me to perceive hidden motivations, detect deception, and unravel the intricate web of human emotions.

I must admit, 'Emotions Revealed' by Paul Ekman is an excellent resource that delves into the intricate world of recognizing facial expressions and understanding human emotions. Ekman's expertise in the field of non-verbal communication is widely recognized, and this book stands as a testament to his comprehensive understanding of the subject.

In 'Emotions Revealed,' Ekman provides invaluable information that can greatly enhance one's ability to decipher and interpret microexpressions and facial cues. His exploration of the underlying science behind emotions, combined with practical guidance, offers readers a deeper understanding of the hidden messages conveyed by the face.

The book's emphasis on improving communication and emotional intelligence is commendable. Ekman recognizes the importance of non-verbal cues in our interactions and highlights their role in building meaningful connections and fostering better understanding.

I particularly appreciate Ekman's attention to detail and his dedication to providing evidence-based insights. His meticulous research and real-life examples bring the concepts to life, making it an engaging and informative read.

For those seeking to enhance their skills in reading facial expressions and understanding human emotions, 'Emotions Revealed' is an invaluable resource. It equips readers with the tools necessary to navigate the complex landscape of non-verbal communication and unlock the secrets hidden within every fleeting microexpression.

I must commend your choice in reading this book. It is a testament to your curiosity and desire to unravel the intricacies of human behaviour. Keep exploring, for knowledge is the key that unlocks the doors to understanding.

-ND

#deduction #tumblr #deducter #deduce #deductive reasoning #science of deduction #body language

[gizantara]

Empathy:

Feel Deeply, Think Accurately, Act Wisely

Kita akan buka resume ini dengan kutipan:

"Perlakukan orang lain sebagaimana kita ingin diperlakukan."

Kalimat tersebut sering dianggap nasihat empati yang bagus dan sering diterapkan dalam prinsip berempati. Padahal perlakuan yang kita mau, bisa jadi adalah perlakuan yang orang lain nggak mau.

Kalau salah digunakan, prinsip berempati ini justru jadi nggak berfungsi sebagai mana mestinya yaitu untuk melancarkan interaksi sosial supaya lebih efektif.

Empati artinya kita memahami sudut pandang (point of view) orang lain.

Kalau kita melihatnya dari sudut pandang kita berdasarkan prinsip "memperlakukan orang lain sebagaimana kita ingin diperlakukan", justru hal ini berseberangan dengan konsep empati itu sendiri.

Terus kalau prinsip itu nggak tepat, yang tepatnya seperti apa?

Ada prinsip dari bukunya Stephen Covey yaitu 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. Di situ ada prinsip yang bunyinya, "seek first to understand, then to be understood". Pahami dulu pihak lain, dengan begitu kita akan dipahami. Ini adalah prinsip empati yang efektif. Dengan prinsip ini, bahkan dalam berkomunikasi pun kita akan memulai semuanya dari audiens, bukan dari diri kita.

Contohnya dalam mengajar, isi materi bukan datang dari sudut pandang kita sendiri melainkan dari sudut pandang audiens yang mau kita ajarin.

Contoh lagi dalam berkomunikasi, kita berangkat dari orang lainnya dulu.

Asumsi dan ekspektasi itu gak melewati proses memahami pihak lain makanya banyak konflik dan kesalahpahaman yang berpotensi terjadi. Mungkin aja asumsi bisa valid kalau kita punya preferensi yang umum atau cukup sama dengan kebanyakan orang. Jadi secara statistik bisa pas, apa yang kita suka, oh mungkin orang juga suka. Tapi kalau misalnya enggak, kan beresiko jadi kacau, ya?

Dengan proses memahami pihak lain, pilihan tindakan atau ucapan kita akan lebih fit ke orang lain. Kita bisa menentukan cara interaksi yang tepat untuk dia dari sudut pandang dia.

Prinsip understanding ini digunakan agar interaksi kita lebih efektif. Efektif di sini artinya tujuan interaksi kita bisa tercapai. Tentu saja, kalau goal kita misalnya memang untuk menyinggung, maka tindakan yang dilakukan untuk menyinggung sudah tepat.

Tapi konteksnya, misalnya kita nggak ada maksud untuk menyinggung, eh kita malah menyinggung gara-gara kita nggak tau. "Nggak tau"-nya karena melewatkan proses memahami pihak lain entah itu dengan berasumsi atau berekspektasi.

Tiga Jenis Empati

Nah, ada framework tiga jenis empati dari Daniel Goleman dan Paul Ekman. Model ini lebih bagus untuk dipakai dalam melihat empati karena lebih lengkap dimensinya. Menurut mereka, empati ada tiga jenisnya:

Cognitive Empathy

Emotional Empathy

Compassionate Empathy

Apa yang dimaksud dengan cognitive empathy?

Cognitive empathy artinya kemampuan memahami manusia lain secara kognitif.

Kita bisa mempunyai kemampuan ini secara otomatis (bakat bawaan), kita juga bisa mempelajari ini secara mandiri misalnya mengamati orang di sekitar kita, atau kita bisa membangun kemampuan ini lewat keilmuan misalnya kita belajar antropologi, psikologi, atau ilmu-ilmu perilaku, atau sains.

Nah keluarannya, harusnya kita bisa secara akurat memahami orang lain.

Berikutnya ada emotional empathy.

Di cognitive empathy kita belum berbicara tentang perasaan sama sekali. Nah di bagian emotional empathy ini kita baru berbicara tentang perasaan. Yang dimaksud emotional empathy adalah kemampuan merasakan apa yang orang lain rasakan.

Sampai dua ini saja, kita bisa tahu bahwa seseorang bisa saja hanya memiliki salah satunya. Misalnya cognitive empathy tanpa emotional empathy. Jadi dia bisa memahami orang lain merasa bagaimana, tetapi dia tidak bisa ikut merasakan dengan orang lain.

Atau sebaliknya, dia bisa merasakan, tetapi tidak mengerti kenapa orang lain merasa sesuatu. Tidak punya pemahaman kognitifnya.

Atau bisa lengkap dua-duanya. Terutama dari sisi kognitif, yaitu dari sisi bagaimana orang itu bisa berinteraksi dengan orang lain secara efektif.

Maksudnya berinteraksi secara efektif itu gimana?

Misalnya, seorang komedian harus punya cognitive empathy untuk memahami cara berpikir audiens agar dia tahu jokes apa yang lucu bagi mereka dan delivery-nya harus gimana. Kalau dia nggak lucu, kemungkinan dia kurang di cognitive empathy-nya karena dia nggak punya pemahaman yang akurat tentang bagaimana audiens berpikir. Contoh, "cerita apa nih yang kira-kira relatable supaya bisa masuk ke set up jokesnya?"

Lalu dari sisi emosi. Di bagian emotional empathy ini, sulit kita menilai orang lain karena kita nggak bisa bener-bener tau orang lain itu merasa apa? Di bagian emotional empathy ini mungkin kita lebih banyak memakainya untuk diri kita sendiri karena kita sendiri tahu apa yang kita rasakan. Jadi kita bisa menilai apakah kita punya kemampuan merasakan apa yang orang lain rasakan?

Sampai sini udah jelas ya perbedaannya?

Tapi kalau misalnya kita ngeh tentang pembahasan dua jenis empati tadi, kita belum bicara tindakan sama sekali. Kita hanya baru bicara pemahaman dan perasaan. Terus gimana dengan tindakannya? Sedangkan sering kita lihat realita seseorang keliatan nirempati karena bertindak atau melakukan sesuatu di situasi yang nggak tepat.

Inilah yang kita pahami tentang compassionate empathy.

Seseorang bisa memilih tindakan compassionate (menambah kebahagiaan dan mengurangi penderitaan orang lain) atau justru non-compassionate (menambah penderitaan dan mengurangi kebahagiaan orang lain).

Kedua tindakan ini bisa secara bebas dilakukan seseorang terlepas dari kemampuan cognitive empathy-nya bagus atau tidak, emotional empathy-nya bagus atau tidak. Dua orang yang sama-sama memiliki cognitive empathy yang bagus, mereka bisa memilih tindakan yang berbeda. Yang satu compassionate, yang satu non-compassionate.

Nah dari situ, kita jadi tahu bahwa menilai kemampuan empati orang hanya dari tindakan itu kurang tepat. Karena bisa saja, misalnya begini:

Ada orang yang sebenarnya niatnya baik, dia mau compassionate. Misalnya dia seneng ngasih hadiah ke orang lain. Tapi kalau cognitive empathy dia rendah, bisa aja tindakan dia yang dari point of view dia itu compassionate, justru di point of view orang lain itu non-compassionate. Karena bisa aja, dari orang yang dikasih itu ada yang ternyata terganggu jika dikasih hadiah. Tapi karena cognitive empathy-nya rendah, jadi dia kurang bisa memahami si orang lain ini.

Tentang niat baik yang nggak tereksekusi dengan baik, nyambung ke pembahasan ini:

Jadi yang harus dibangun sebagai fondasi interaksi sosial yang harus dimiliki oleh orang-orang pertama-tama adalah cognitive empathy-nya dulu. Pemahaman terhadap manusia lain yang akurat. Supaya kita bisa memilih cara interaksi yang tepat atau yang efektif dengan orang lain.

Terus untuk compassionate dan non-compassionate-nya gimana?

Kita tentu punya sikap pribadi kita tentang siapa yang bisa kita bantu atau kita cancel. Yang penting adalah, kita mengenal tiga jenis empati untuk bisa punya penilaian tentang empati terhadap orang lain yang lebih tepat serta untuk diri kita sendiri supaya lebih bijak dalam berempati. Misalnya kita belum paham tentang orang ini tapi udah bisa merasakan nih, nah berarti kita tinggal pertajam pemahaman kita terhadap orang itu.

(Btw pembahasan tentang empati ini bisa nyambung ke pembahasan tentang Love Language-nya Pastor Raguel Lewi dan podcast Zarry Hendrik. Nanti akan aku resume di tulisan selanjutnya)

— Sebuah resume tentang empati dari Cania Citta, sumber tercantum di bawah.

#Youtube

[studies-in-the-art-of-deduction]

Hi!

I recently came across your blog since I was looking up micro expressions. Do you know of any books or trainings (the ones I have found are US based and since I’m not from US they are a little expensive for me) that could help out a beginner who’s trying to understand and learn about micro expressions, body language and deduction?

Hello! sorry for the late response, i've been busy. Unfortunately resources are very scarce when it comes to deduction as a topic, but if we look at any topics that make up deduction as a whole there's a lot you can find online. Tumblr and Youtube are gonna be your best friends tho, blogs like mine are the best source for deduction specific information (even ones that may be innactive now, try looking through old reblogs from Amateur Deductions, you'll find a lot of innactive blogs that still have their resources and posts, blogs like The Art of the Consulting Detective, Tiny Detective, The Brain Attic, The Deduction Page, Analytical Deduction), and there are some youtube channel that also have good information in the (check out The Art of Deduction on youtube).

When it comes to books, for microexpressions your best bet are Paul Ekman's books and the FACS, if you can get your hands on them (i'm not telling you to pirate them, but i'm definitely telling you to pirate them). For body language i recommend starting with What everyBODY is Saying by Joe Navarro. And for deduction specifically as a whole subject (in order of complexity) The Deduction Guide by Louise Blackwood, Snoop What Your Stuff Says About You by Sam Gosling, and Mastermind: How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes by Maria Konnikova

Also for a beginner i recommend taking a look at the training program Amateur Deductions put out a few years ago, it was never finished, but the sections on Observation do a great job at training the skill quickly and efficiently (quick link for it here). Not to toot my own horn but my two blogs (Amateur Deductions and this one) have a lot of deduction content are are still active (although admittedly i have periods where i don't post much)

A brief note on Microexpressions: it's come to my attention that there are people that would call them a scam, i've had conversations with at least one of these individuals and i've come to understand that the reason they have this stance is because there's "no evidence that they are a good indicator of when someone's lying". This stance comes from a study that they've sent me that i have read. As an attempt to try to appeace anyone who might have a problem with you using microexpressions for that purpose i would like to clarify that the purpose of microexpressions is not to help you discern lies. Microexpressions are physiological cues that point towards basic emotions people are feeling, this information can then be used as a tool (along with others) to discern if someone's lying, but it's by no means a given that if you learn to use microexpressions you'll learn to tell if someone's lying. You have to learn to use them in context and know how a person's emotional state affects if they're lying or not in any specific situation, this is one of many uses of microexpressions, since it's one of many uses of being able to tell how someone feels. This same reasoning applies to body language as a whole, so keep that in mind when learning about them.

#ask #deduction #deductionist #resources #learning #sherlock bbc #bbc sherlock #psychology #microexpressions #body language

[usunezukoinezu]

Not seeking revenge is not cowardice.

Paul Ekman

#Paul Ekman

[bluestockingbaby]

starting Lie to Me and shaking my head the entire time so people know I disagree with Paul Ekman

#my posts #my mutuals have good taste and tim roth hot #whatever #at least there’s some accurate info about lying so far!

[hesenovfd]

Siz bu və ya digər insan haqqında nə düşündüyünüzü deyə bilməzsiniz, çünki nə vaxtsa o sizə lazım ola bilər.

Siz dünya liderləri haqqında öz fikirlərinizi söyləyə bilməzsiniz, çünki gələcəkdə onlarla ortaq işiniz ola bilər

Yalan Psixologiyası / Paul Ekman

#kitap sözü #kitap alıntıları #kitapkurdu #kitaptansözler #kitaptan alıntı #dostoyevski #gerçek hayat #hayattan alıntı #doğrular #alejandro dumas #özdemir asaf #cemal süreya

[amateur-deductions]

Micro Expressions

So I was thinking about what the next post should be about and I thought this would be a good topic to introduce again, especially since it's something you can start practicing right now if you want, so let's get to it

/I N T R O D U C T I O N

So what actually are micro expressions and how are they even remotely useful in deduction? well there are a few concepts needed to understand what they are, but very basically micro expressions are small, uncontrollable twitches that occur when someone experiences a less intense version of an emotion, or when one wants to hide their normal facial expressions, they correlate to certain emotions, and because of this one can learn to read them and interpret them by keeping the context in which they occur in mind, essentially (among other things) acting as a lie detection tool. But to fully use them and understand them we need to first discuss facial expressions

/F A C I A L E X P R E S S I O N S

Circa 1990 Dr. Paul Ekman conducted a series of studies that revealed a now generally accepted truth in psychology: emotions, and the physiological reactions they cause, are universal. This means that no matter where you go, and what people you interact with, be it a person from new york, from Egipt, or a member of a secluded tribe in the Amazon Rainforest, their physiological reactions caused by their feelings of joy, or anger, or disgust (to name a few) are always going to be the same, these ways of expressing said emotions are not learned, but rather a naturally acquired manifestation of them.

You may be wondering how all of this is relevant, but it's the foundation that allows micro expressions to be useful. You see, there are 7 basic emotions that we have inherent, universal facial expressions for, Happiness, Sadness, Anger, Fear, Contempt, Disgust, and Surprise, their facial expressions look like this:

(Cue the picture you've probably seen a million times if you know about this subject)

These are what we call, macro expressions, they are the obvious, "normal" facial expressions that are easy to spot and recognize, they last anywhere from half a second to 4 seconds. But here comes the important part: micro expressions come directly from macro expressions, basically, the only difference is the time they last and the context they're found in

/M I C R O E X P R E S S I O N S

One of the many neat things about facial expressions is that they are unconscious reactions to what we feel, this means if we try to hide them (which isn’t the only thing that causes them, but one of the most useful situations nonetheless), we generally do a pretty good job at doing so, but never a perfect one, which leads to small, almost imperceptible movements and twitches of our facial muscles to occur, movements that correlate with the facial expression of the emotion we're experiencing. Micro expressions are the same as macro expressions, but they last much, much less (hence the name "micro" expressions), and they can be the result of trying to hide our initial emotions in a given situation. They can last for half a second or less, and so they're almost impossible to detect for someone who doesn't have the necessary training

(I couldn't find any micro expression GIFs on Tumblr, but I did find this sherlock one, keep in mind it's slowed down, and you can still see a very quick, very faint movement of the lips upwards, faint crows feet and wrinkles around the eyes, and the cheeks moving slightly upwards, the closest thing I could find to a happiness micro expression. For a bunch of clearer, real life examples watch this video)

So what exactly is this training? Don't worry, it's not strenuous or anything, it just requires a bit of time. The training usually involves looking at clips or gifs of each micro expression and remembering which one corresponds to each emotion and then taking a small test where similar clips are played and you have to recognize each micro-expression. The point of this exercise is to train your ability to see micro expressions and recognize them in your everyday life, but as everything Deduction related, it takes time and quite a bit of practice.

Now, Paul Ekman himself offers training tools on his website if you don't mind spending money to get them, but if you're looking for economic alternatives to this there are plenty of apps, websites, and videos out there available in different regions of the world

/H O W T O U S E T H E M

Once you know how to spot and recognize these micro expressions you need to learn to apply them in context, knowing what someone's feeling in and of itself isn't useful if you can't relate it to what is going on around them. Keep in mind these emotions are displayed as micro expressions because the person in question is trying to hide them, so ask yourself why. Are they attempting to hide anger because they don't wanna hurt the person they're arguing with? or because they see who they're talking to as an authority figure and they're scared to show their anger? why are they flashing a disguised expression of fear when their significant other is visibly rageful? there's a lot you can know about a person by simply looking at the context in which they hide things.

One disclaimer that I think is important is that while micro expressions are an incredibly powerful tool, like everything in the realm of body language, and deduction in general, they should be taken as part of a cluster of signs that point towards a certain conclusion. Just because a micro expression shows surprise doesn't mean it's positive or negative, just because a micro expression shows fear doesn't mean it's fear towards a person and not a situation, or simply a thought, be mindful about what conclusions you reach because reaching the wrong ones can become a problem

#deduce #learning deduction #deductionist #deductive reasoning #deduction #sherlock #logic reasoning #observant #observation #profiling #psychology #logic #sherlock holmes #bbc sherlock #sherlock bbc #Sherlockian Deduction #How to think like Sherlock Holmes #lie detection #microexpressions #study #studyblr #learning

[dragonomatopoeia]

scientific literacy will give you a fun little rogue's gallery if you're doing it right. a nemesis roster even. for instance i want to smash a chair over paul ekman's head.

#OH THERE ARE UNIVERSAL EXPRESSIONS OF EMOTION ARE THERE PAUL #HOW ABOUT THIS ONE I SHRIEK #AS I UNLEASH A GRINNING CHIMPANZEE UPON HIM