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#one is an adj and one is a noun
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Another great reason not to talk to or about men on Polish
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zoobus · 1 year
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All the hero names in bnha are also hot fucking garbage.
? Great Explosion Murder God Dynamight was a good name though?
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revasserium · 22 days
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oh don't ask me for requests, you know I deliver. What about Zoro with number 30?
send me one + a character and i'll write u a drabble
30. invention of the dictionary
opla!zoro; 882 words; fluff, teeth-rotting fluff, strawhat!reader, gn!reader, no "y/n", unconventional format, whipped!zoro
summary: truth, love, still, and stolen
a/n: been a while since i've written something so chill but i rly like this one u__u nice, short, and sweet!
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He has never been a man of many words, but meeting you has made him wonder about the exact reason dictionaries were invented. What scholar (for it must have been a scholar, Zoro thinks) could have amassed such a knowledge of words and meanings that they decided the only way to keep track was to write it down? Or perhaps it was simply someone in love — someone who felt too much and yearned too hard and never had the words big enough or heavy enough, wide enough or deep enough, to fully encompass the way they were feeling.
Because he’s never been a man of many words, but meeting you has him reaching for the tattered dictionary they’d found in a treasure chest, washed ashore on a small, insignificant island — not unlike you. You with your windswept hair and your skin smelling of salt and cream and a thousand midnight mysteries. You, and the way your eyes hold worlds that Zoro’s certain he’d never have the privilege of seeing.
But sometimes when he kisses you, he thinks he can taste the remnants of their exotic fruits beneath the sweet of your tongue, and sometimes when you kiss him back hard enough, he can feel it in the crescent moon marks you leave inked into his skin. Like dotted lines on a treasure map.
You’d been a traveling bounty-hunter, not so unlike who he’d been in a past life, one that he can barely even remember. And your laughter had been just the right shade of lost for Luffy to take notice. No one had thought twice about it after that — and you blended in with the crew as a shot of rum in a morning espresso — which is to say perfectly.
He finds himself flipping through the thin, water-warped pages of the dictionary, pausing on words he’d always thought he knew — words like truth, and love. Words like still, and stolen.
And so, here are some words that Roronoa Zoro has learned and re-learned the meanings of. All because of you.
truth noun.
the quality or state of being true
a fact or belief that is accepted as true
a thing so fundamental that it never has to be questioned — like the rising of the sun in the east or the setting of the moon in the west; something that pulses with the very rhythm of the universe, like the ebb and flow of the tides or the way that autumn always feels a little bit like goodbye — or how birdsong will inevitably be followed by the sprouting of spring, and how March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb, and how Zoro’s never questioned just how much he’s loved you, or even whether or not he’d fallen in love. He simply woke up one day and knew.
love noun.
an intense feeling of deep affection
a great interest or pleasure in something
you, your smile, the way you hold your chopsticks, how you press your hand to your stomach when you laugh, the way your lips feel as they trail along Zoro’s jawline, the way your heartbeat rhymes with the gentle rush of the sea
verb.
to feel deep affection for someone or something
to like or enjoy very much
to dream of a life with you, and all the things you might do — to lie awake at night counting your breaths as you fall asleep next to him, to press his lips into the seam of your hair and know that when he wakes up in the morning, you’ll still be right there next to him
still noun/adj./verb
not moving or making a sound
deep silence or calmness
to make or become still
the way the world feels the first time you cry, how the planets themselves seem to grind to a deadly halt, how Zoro’s world tilts on the axis of you and doesn’t stop until he wonders if everything around him is upside down and inside out — how you curl into yourself when the monsters in your past become more than shadows and whispers that creep in the dark, or when the darkness comes knocking and you bury your face in his shoulder, your voice a whisper as you beg — please… help me.
adverb
up to and including the present time mentioned
nevertheless; all the same
how he knows he loves you, the way that the sea loves the sky — even after a devastating rainstorm; how there’s blood on his swords, blood soaking through the wooden planks but he’s got you in his arms so it’s going to be alright; how you let him carry you and hold you close; how he lets you carry him as well; how the pair of you curve around each other like a parenthetical, two bookends to a library of memories stored in the negative space between you; how you are with each other after all of this, still.
stolen verb (*past participle of steal)
take without permission or legal right, without the intent to return
move somewhere quietly or surreptitiously
his heart, his mind, his body, his soul — and him with you.
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favourite or most interesting wenglish quirks non-welsh people might not know about?
I have no idea what people would be likely to know about or not, so I'm just going to list a bunch, I think.
Inversion! I.e the thing Yoda does! Welsh allows a degree of syntactic fluidity for emphasis, and Wenglish carries this over. "Look at Boris Johnson. An absolute clown, that man is." "I saw EEAAO on the weekend! Magical, it was, just brilliant." This one sometimes can sound almost... wrong, actually, when used by an actual Welsh speaker. A totally normal sentence I have heard my husband say is "So cute, the cat!" instead of "The cat is so cute!" He once looked at a Pomeranian and said to me "So small, the dog!"
Doubling up on the verb to be! Similar to 'innit', but... more. "I'm going to give him a piece of my mind, I am." "He's all tired out, he is." She's been on the go all day, she has." Sometimes this becomes inversion if the speaker drops the first part. So, that last one might be "Been on the go all day, she has."
Double dipping with adjectives! Specifically, adjectives that mean the same thing. English, being a Frankenstinian mash up of eight others, has a much bigger vocabulary than Welsh, and Welsh speakers in the 1700s being forced to assimilate were fascinated by it. So "There he goes, driving around in his big huge car" - a totally normal and not redundant description in Wenglish.
Double dipping with nouns! Same reason. "Whose coat is that jacket?" "Whose shoes are those boots?"
The negative question! I love this one. When asking a shopkeeper, you might say "Have you got any milk?" Not in Wenglish! In Wenglish you say "You haven't got any milk, have you?" (Grammatically, the correct answer to that is probably "Why, don't you want any?", but in reality the answer is "Yes we do" and that's linguistically correct.) Something something Welsh people expect to be disappointed something something.
Expanded words! 'Where' is usually 'where to'. "Where to am I going?" "Where to am I taking the kids?" "Where to have you put Mam Gu's medicine?" Sometimes it can be 'where by', "Where by does she live in Cardiff?"
'Do' gets added in before verbs in some parts of the south east. This comes from a method of Welsh verb shortening, actually. 'Cerddais i' means 'I walked' - 'nes i gerdded' means the same thing, but literally is 'I did walk'. And that's how they roll in Abertillery! "Whenever I go to town I do buy a cake." "Gareth do play rugby on the weekend". (For clarity's sake, that last one would otherwise be 'Gareth plays rugby on the weekend.')
'Look' and 'see' as verbal tags! Used at the end of a sentence for emphasis. "He's done fucked it up, look." "It's easier not to bother, see."
And a whole bunch of Welsh loanwords that get sprinkled in. Plus some English ones that we liked and used indiscriminately; the biggest and best example of that is 'tidy', which is the most overworked word in all of Wenglish. How much did you sell your car for? A tidy amount. Did she hand in the wallet she found? Yeah, she's tidy. How was your blind date? Tidy, yeah, might go for a second with him. Did you enjoy your meal? It was tidy, yeah.
Welsh ones:
Dwt (n) or dwti (adj). Very tiny. "He's a dwt of a boy." "Look at the kittens! I love the little dwti one."
Cwtch, my beloved. Best word. Closest English analogue is 'hug', which we also use, but a cwtch has connotations of being a little fluffy animal tucked cozy and safe into a comfy little space all happy and warm. Can be a noun (a cwtch), a verb (cwtch him up all nice) or an adjective (I love this room, it's cwtchy). There is safety, security and comfort to a cwtch. Lesser used, but it also applies to a method of wrapping your baby into your arm with a shawl (traditional Welsh childcare method: baby stays warm, your arm doesn't get tired, and you keep one hand free), and the small cupboard under the stairs.
Bach - small. Used as a term of endearment. "How are you, bach?" Generally used by someone older to someone younger.
Byt/byti - mate. Possibly where the American English 'buddy' comes from. Used like bach, but between peers rather than older to younger.
Titles. Especially for grandparents! We're still recovering from the lost generation of the seventies and eighties, so it's not uncommon for people to have Welsh speaking grandparents who didn't pass on the language but use the titles. Mam-gu and Tad-cu in the south (abbreviated to Gu and Cu), Nain and Taid in the north. But also Mam instead of Mum.
That's all I can think of offhand, anyway! There will definitely be more.
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spanishskulduggery · 1 year
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Most Essential Vocabulary #1
I decided to compile a list of some of the most basic and essential vocab for Spanish since I couldn’t totally find a lot. 
These are going to be the words that you’re going to be using and seeing the most for Spanish, so it will come across as very basic for some
I decided to do this in multiple parts because there are lots of topics - so if you have suggestions on certain topics, please let me know! There probably will be words repeated for different “categories”
Pronouns
yo = I
tú = you [informal]
usted = you [formal]
nosotros = we [m+m, m+f] nosotras = we [f+f]
ustedes = you all [for Spain it’s formal, for Latin America it’s formal and informal]
vosotros = you all [m+m, m+f; informal, Spain] vosotras = you all [f+f; informal, Spain]
él = he
ella = her
~
elle = they [no specified gender; this is not considered “proper” Spanish, but it is used in many queer communities for someone non-binary; “proper” Spanish only really has “he” or “she” or refers to someone of unknown or unspecified gender in vague terms like alguien “someone” or una persona “a person” and conjugates them with 3rd person singular]
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Question Words
qué = what que = that [connecting clauses] lo que = what, “the thing that”, that which [a stand in for a noun]
por qué = why el por qué = “the reason why”, “the motive” porque = because [connecting clauses]
cuál, cuáles = which, which ones
dónde = where donde = where [connecting clauses]
cuándo = when cuando = when [connecting clauses]
cómo = how como = as, like [connecting clauses]
cuánto/a = how much/many  cuanto = so much [or en cuanto “insomuch” or “as far as”]
~
cuánto/a is used with countable objects
For using “how + adj/adv” you have to use a separate expression; in more literary Spanish this is cuán which is not used very much now except in some lyrics and poetry. For everyday Spanish there’s a separate word/phrase:
qué tan = how + adj/adv [Latin America] ¿Qué tan rápido es? = How fast is it? ¿Qué tan larga es la historia? = How long is the story? ¿Qué tan profundo es el océano? = How deep is the ocean?
cómo de = how + adj/adv [Spain] ¿Cómo de grande es? = How big is it? ¿Cómo de alta es la montaña? = How high is the mountain? ¿Cómo de ancho es el río? = How wide is the river?
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Prepositions
Please be aware certain prepositions are used differently than others. The main ones to be very aware of are: a, de, en, por, para, and con
...By far, a is the most versatile and has the most uses, followed by de
Primarily this is just a list of things to know, but some of them require proper context to fully understand in my opinion
a = to
de = of / from
en = on / in
por = for / by, via 
para = for / up to / in order to
con = with
sin = without
sobre = on, upon / about, pertaining to acerca de = about, pertaining to
hacia = toward, towards
bajo = under debajo (de) = under, underneath
encima (de) = on top of
desde = from, since
hasta = until, up to
según = according to
antes = before
después = after
tras = following, after
entre = between
enfrente (de) = in front of, facing
junto/a = together junto a = next to, beside
al lado de = next to
durante = for (a period of time) / during
mientras = while
a través de = through a lo largo de = throughout
alrededor de = around, surrounding
mediante = through, via, by means of por medio de = through, via, by means of
vía = via
versus = versus [exactly like English... because it’s Latin; the pronunciation is different obviously]
contra = against, versus/vs / against, up against [e.g. contra la pared “(up) against the wall”]
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Standard Spanish 101 Vocab
algo = something
nada = nothing la nada = nothingness
alguien = someone
nadie = no one
el hombre = man el caballero = gentleman / man [lit. “knight” or “horseman”] el señor = sir, gentleman / lord / Mr.
la mujer = woman [potentially “wife”] la dama = lady / woman la señora = lady / madame, Mrs. la señorita = miss, (young/unmarried) lady
alto/a = tall, high
bajo/a = short, low
gordo/a = fat
flaco/a = skinny, thin delgado/a = skinny, thin
grande = big
pequeño/a = small
inteligente = intelligent
(ser) listo/a = (to be) smart (estar) listo/a = (to be) ready
rico/a = rich
pobre = poor
guapo/a = good-looking
lindo/a = cute, good-looking bonito/a = cute, good-looking
feo/a = ugly
joven = young
viejo/a = old
menor = younger / minor
mayor = older, elder / major
justo/a = fair, just
injusto/a = unjust, unfair
fácil = easy
difícil = hard, difficult
apenas = hardly, barely a duras penas = just barely
fuerte = strong
débil = weak
veloz = quick rápido/a = fast [adj] rápido = quickly, fast [adv]
lento/a = slow [adj] lento / lentamente = slow, slowly [adv]
trabajador(a) = hard-working
perezoso/a = lazy
tonto/a = stupid, silly
ingenioso/a = ingenious, clever
bueno/a = good
bien = good, well [adv]
malo/a = bad
mal = badly, wrong [adv]
equivocado/a = wrong, incorrect
genial = wonderful, amazing
maravilloso/a = wonderful / wondrous, marvelous
pésimo/a = really bad, awful
alegre = happy
feliz = happy
triste = sad
enojado/a = angry
preocupado/a = worried
asustado/a = surprised / scared
enfermo/a = sick
mejor = better el/la mejor = the best
peor = worse el/la peor = the worst
largo/a = long
corto/a = short
vivo/a = alive, living
muerto/a = dead
presente = present, here
ausente = absent
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Time - Days
Note: All days of the week and all months are masculine
lunes = Monday
martes = Tuesday
miércoles = Wednesday
jueves = Thursday
viernes = Friday
sábado = Saturday
domingo = Sunday
la semana = week
el fin de semana = weekend el finde = weekend [regional slang] 
el calendario = calendar
el horario = schedule, timeframe
el día [m] = day
la fecha = date (calendar)
la cita = appointment / date (romantic)
hoy = today
ayer = yesterday anteayer = the day before yesterday
esta noche = tonight
anoche = last night
mañana = tomorrow pasado mañana = the day after tomorrow
la tarde = afternoon / evening el atardecer = evening, dusk
la mañana = morning el amanecer = morning, daybreak, sunrise
el mediodía = noon
la medianoche = midnight
la madrugada = the early morning, “wee hours of the morning” [when it’s morning but still dark]
el alba [f]  = dawn la salida del sol = daybreak, sunrise
la puesta del sol = sunset ponerse el sol = for the sun to set
el crepúsculo = twilight / dusk
diario/a = daily [adj] a diario = daily, happening every day [adv] cotidiano/a = daily, everyday
temprano/a = early temprano = soon [adv]
tarde = late [adj / adv]
próximo/a = next
siguiente = following al día siguiente = the next day, the following day
anterior = previous
primer, primera / primero = first
segundo/a = second
la mitad = half [n]
medio/a = half [adj]
tercer, tercera / tercero = third el/un tercio = a third / one-third, 1/3
cuarto/a = fourth
quinto/a = fifth
sexto/a = sixth
séptimo/a = seventh
octavo/a = eighth (or “octave”)
noveno/a = ninth
décimo/a = tenth el décimo = decimal
último/a = last, latest
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Time - Months
enero = January
febrero = February
marzo = March
abril = April
mayo = May
junio = June
julio = July
agosto = August
septiembre = September
octubre = October
noviembre = November
diciembre = December
el mes = month
mensual = monthly
la quincena = fortnight, two weeks
nuevo/a = new la luna nueva = new moon
lleno/a = full la luna llena = full moon
la medialuna = half moon / crescent
creciente = growing la luna creciente = crescent moon
la primavera = spring
el verano = summer
el otoño = autumn, fall
el invierno = winter
la estación = season
la fiesta = holiday [or “party”]
la Navidad = Christmas
la Nochebuena = Christmas Eve
el Año Nuevo = New Year’s
la Nochevieja = New Year’s Eve
la víspera = eve / evening [with holidays it’s used as “the day before”, or sometimes “vigil”; so la Nochevieja is also sometimes la víspera del Año Nuevo]
Día de los Reyes Magos = Three Kings Day / The Epiphany
San Valentín / el Día de San Valentín = Valentine’s Day
la Cuaresma = Lent
Miércoles de Ceniza = Ash Wednesday
el Carnaval = Carnival / Mardi Gras
la Semana Santa = Holy Week
la Pascua = Easter
el Día de (los) Muertos = Day of the Dead (el) Halloween = Halloween
el Día de Acción de Gracias = Thanksgiving [North America; sometimes just called Thanksgiving or Sangiving]
el Día de Todos (los) Santos = All Saints Day
Día de (la) Independencia = Independence Day
Other countries have their own holidays like Día de la Constitución “Constitution Day” or Día de la Revolución “Revolution Day”, or something more regional like la Tomatina in Spain, or Día de los Santos Inocentes which is “the Day of Holy Innocents” but sometimes translated as “April Fool’s Day”
This is also not counting certain religious holidays or folk holidays, which can vary from country to country
~
For dates in Spanish, you typically use the number + the month: el diecisiete de marzo for example reads as “the 17th of March” or “March 17th”
The ONLY exception is the 1st of every month is el primero instead of saying el uno. As an example: el primero de enero is “January 1st” or “the 1st of January”; this is done because it would be awkward to say “the one of January”
For days of the week you will see something like Viernes 13 [trece] “Friday the 13th” or Martes 13 “Tuesday the 13th” (which is the day of bad luck in Spanish) 
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Nature / The World
el sol = sun
la luna = moon
la estrella = star
el planeta [m] = planet
el mundo = world
el árbol = tree
la flor = flower
la hoja = leaf
la semilla = seed
el jardín = garden
el bosque = woods, forest
la selva = forest
el océano = ocean
el mar = ocean [sometimes feminine]
el río = river
el arroyo = stream
el lago = lake
el estanque = pond
la orrilla = shore
la isla = island
la ola = wave (water)
el volcán = volcano
la montaña = mountain
la sierra = mountain range [or “saw” in tools]
la piedra = stone la roca = rock
el tiempo = time / weather [or “grammatical tense”]
la hora = hour
la lluvia = rain
la nieve = snow
el granizo = hail / hailstone
el hielo = ice
el viento = wind
la ventisca = blizzard
la tormenta = storm
la nube = cloud
la niebla = fog, mist la neblina = mist, haze
el relámpago = lightning [commonly refers to “the flash of lightning” specifically]
el rayo = lightning, bolt (of lightning) [commonly “lightning” or “lightning strike”]
el trueno = thunder [refers to “the sound” specifically]
la arena = sand
el desierto = desert
el cañón = canyon
el risco = cliff
el monte = wilderness / mountain, mount
la hierba = grass / herb las malas hierbas = weeds [lit. “bad grasses”]
alto/a = tall, high la altura = height
profundo/a = deep poco profundo/a = shallow la profundidad = depth
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The Human Body - Basics
el cuerpo = body
el peso = weight
la altura = height la estatura = height, stature
el hueso = bone
el órgano = organ
la sangre = blood
la vena = vein
el sudor = sweat
la cabeza = head
la cara = face
el cerebro = brain
el ojo = eye
la nariz = nose
la oreja = ear [outer]
el oído = ear [inner]
la ceja = eyebrow
la frente = forehead
el cuello = neck
la garganta = throat
la espalda = back
la columna (vertebral) = spine / spinal column el espinazo = backbone, spine
el hombro = shoulder
el brazo = arm
la mano = hand
la muñeca = wrist
el dedo = finger el pulgar = thumb el índice = index finger, pointer finger el dedo medio = middle finger el dedo anular = ring finger el meñique = pinky
el puño = fist
el nudillo = knuckle
el tronco = torso [or “trunk” for trees]
el pecho = chest
el seno = breast / bosom [in everyday speech - and vulgar speech - this is la teta “boob” or “tit”]
el estómago = stomach
la barriga = belly / gut la panza = belly
los intestinos = intestines, bowels la tripa, las tripas = “stomach” / innards, entrails
las entrañas = innards, entrails, “one’s insides”
la cintura = waist
la cadera = hip
la pierna = leg
la rodilla = knee
el tobillo = ankle
el pie = foot
el dedo de pie = toe el dedo gordo = big toe el meñique (de pie) = pinky toe [the other toes are known as el segundo dedo “second toe”, el tercer dedo “third toe”, and el cuarto dedo “fourth toe”]
el corazón = heart
el pulmón = lung
el hígado = liver
el músculo = muscle
el tejido = tissue (medical)
la uña = nail (finger/toe)
el pelo = hair (any kind)
el cabello = hair (specifically on the head)
los sentidos = the senses
la vista = eyesight, sight
el oído = hearing, sense of hearing
el olfato = smell, sense of smell
el gusto = taste, sense of taste
el tacto = touch, sense of touch
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Around the House
la casa = house
el hogar = home / hearth
el apartamento = apartment
el piso = floor [el piso in Spain is typically “apartment”, most commonly translated as “flat” for British English]
el techo = ceiling / roof
el tejado = roof
la mesa = table
la silla = chair el sillón = large chair / armchair
la cama = bed
la almohada = pillow
el sofá [m] = sofa, couch
los muebles = furniture [el mueble is one piece]
el espejo = mirror
el reloj = clock / watch, stopwatch
el estante, los estantes = shelf, shelves / shelving
el gabinete = cabinet
el refrigerador / la refrigeradora = refrigerator la nevera = refrigerator
el congelador = freezer
la tarea = task, chore [commonly meaning “homework”] los deberes = chores / duties los quehaceres = chores
la puerta = door
la ventana = window
la sala = room el salón = room / large room
el cuarto = room
la habitación = bedroom el dormitorio = bedroom [lit. “dormitory” or “sleep-room”] el cuarto = bedroom, personal room
la sala de estar = living room el salón = living room [again, just “big room”] la sala = living room [again, just “room” but it’s any kind of room you might invite someone into] [some places have other words for it]
la cocina = kitchen [also “cuisine” or “cooking”]
el comedor = dining room [or “mess hall”; but any room for “eating”]
la lavandería = laundry room / laundromat
el vestíbulo = foyer, vestibule
la escalera = staircase / stairwell las escaleras = steps, stairs
el baño = bathroom [lit. “bath”] el cuarto de baño = bathroom
el inodoro = toilet bowl [sometimes el váter]
el clóset / el armario = closet / armoire, wardrobe
el garaje = garage
el sótano = basement
el ático = attic el desván = attic
el pasillo = hallway 
el estudio = study
el gimnasio = gym
la biblioteca = library
la despensa = pantry / cupboard
el almacén = storeroom, storage closet [you might see this as “warehouse” for buildings; it means a “storage area” literally]
la oficina = office
la lámpara = lamp
la luz = light las luces = light
encender = to turn on (electronics) [otherwise it’s “to kindle” or “to set on fire”]
apagar = to turn off (electronics) [others it’s “to extinguish” or “snuff out (fire/candles)]
la televisión / la tele = television / TV
el teléfono = telephone, phone
el celular = cellphone [more Latin America] el móvil = mobile, cellphone [more Spain]
el tenedor = fork
el cuchillo = knife
la cuchara = spoon
el plato = plate
el tazón = bowl el bol = bowl el cuenco = bowl
el horno = oven
la estufa = stove, stovetop
el vaso = glass [for water]
la taza = cup / mug [for tea/coffee]
la copa = glass [for wine]
la vela = candle
los trastes = “the dishes” [regional, I think]
la plancha = iron (for clothes) [lit. la plancha is a metal thing you use to “press” on either food or clothes; not to be confused with el hierro “iron” the metal in English]
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Basics of Clothing
la ropa = clothes, clothing
la prenda = garment, item of clothing
la ropa interior = underwear el calzón / los calzoncillos = underwear las bragas = panties, female underwear
el sostén, el sujetador = bra
los calcetines = socks
las medias = socks [las medias can also mean “stockings” or “tights”]
la camisa = shirt
la camiseta = t-shirt
los pantalones = pants, trousers
los zapatos = shoes los tacones = heels las botas = boots
el vestido = dress
la blusa = blouse
la falda = skirt
la chaqueta = jacket
el abrigo = coat, overcoat [usually a “warm coat” or sometimes “winter coat”; a coat specifically to keep you warm outside]
el cinturón = belt
la bufanda = scarf
el guante, los guantes = glove, gloves
la cartera / el monedero = wallet
las gafas / los lentes = glasses las gafas de sol = sunglasses [the older word for “glasses” is los anteojos - it comes across like “spectacles” and shows up in some textbook, but las gafas is the most common one today]
el bolso = purse [some people will use la bolsa - typically though, la bolsa is “bag” like a shopping bag or trash bag]
el bolsillo = pocket
el botón = button
el broche = clasp, fastener, button
la joyería = jewelry
el collar = necklace
el anillo = ring
el pendiente, los pendientes = earrings [regional] el aro / el arete = earring [regional]
el brazalete = bracelet [often on the arm] la pulsera = bracelet [often at the wrist where one’s “pulse” is]
el pijama / los pijamas = pajamas, PJs
el paraguas = umbrella la sombrilla = umbrella [regional]
el impermeable = raincoat [regional]
la gorra = cap [small hat]
el sombrero = hat [with a wide brim, usually all the way around]
el suéter = sweater
la sudadera = sweatshirt
los jeans = jeans los bluyines = jeans [lit. “blue jeans” but could be any color in Spanish] los vaqueros = jeans [Spain; lit. “cowboy (pants)”] [there are LOTS of regionalisms for jeans]
la seda = silk
la piel = leather / skin el cuero = leather
el algodón = cotton
la lana = wool
el terciopelo = velvet
el encaje = lace
la tela = fabric
el mezclillo = denim
-
Basics of Colors
Note: Some names of colors do not change for gender as they are derived from nouns - to distinguish them, I’m not including the definite articles to identify them as adjectives. 
As an example, rosa “pink” comes from “rose”, so la camisa rosa “pink shirt” or el abrigo rosa “pink coat” 
Note 2: When talking about colors as “the color” itself, it is always masculine; el rojo is “the color red”. This is important for distinguishing certain nouns - el naranja is “the color orange” vs. la naranja “orange (fruit)”, or el rosa “the color pink” vs. la rosa “rose (flower)”, or el turquesa “the color turquoise” vs. la turquesa “turquoise (gem)”
rojo/a = red
naranja = orange anaranjado/a = orange, orangey
amarillo/a = yellow
verde = green
azul = blue azul claro = light blue azul celeste = light blue / sky blue azul oscuro = dark blue azul marino = navy blue
añil = indigo
turquesa = turquoise
lila = light purple / lilac, lavender (color)
morado/a = dark purple
púrpura = purple
rosa = pink rosado/a = pink, rosy
marrón = brown (color) café = brown
negro/a = black
blanco/a = white
gris = gray
oro = gold dorado/a = gold, golden
plata = silver plateado/a = silvery
bronce = bronze bronceado/a = bronzed, tanned
arcoíris, arco iris = rainbow
oscuro/a = dark
claro/a = light (color)
castaño = brown (hair/eyes) [lit. “chestnut”]
caoba = mahogany, auburn (hair/eyes) [lit. “mahogany”]
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ominouscrypt · 1 year
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the unholy trinity
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spiritualists: [noun.] ones who believe that the spirits of the dead can communicate with living people.
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alchemists: [noun] ones who transform or create something through an undeniably magical process.
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divine: [adj.] of or like God or a god.
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noosphe-re · 3 months
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Etymology of 'universe'
1580s, "the whole world, cosmos, the totality of existing things," from Old French univers (12c.), from Latin universum "all things, everybody, all people, the whole world," noun use of neuter of adjective universus "all together, all in one, whole, entire, relating to all," literally "turned into one," from unus "one" (from PIE root *oi-no- "one, unique") + versus, past participle of vertere "to turn, turn back, be turned; convert, transform, translate; be changed" (from PIE root *wer- (2) "to turn, bend"). also from 1580s
*oi-no- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "one, unique." It forms all or part of: a (1) indefinite article; alone; an; Angus; anon; atone; any; eleven; inch (n.1) "linear measure, one-twelfth of a foot;" lone; lonely; non-; none; null; once; one; ounce (n.1) unit of weight; quincunx; triune; unanimous; unary; une; uni-; Uniate; unilateral; uncial; unicorn; union; unique; unison; unite; unity; universal; universe; university; zollverein. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek oinos "ace (on dice);" Latin unus "one;" Old Persian aivam; Old Church Slavonic -inu, ino-; Lithuanian vienas; Old Irish oin; Breton un "one;" Old English an, German ein, Gothic ains "one."
*wer- (2) Proto-Indo-European root forming words meaning "to turn, bend." It forms all or part of: adverse; anniversary; avert; awry; controversy; converge; converse (adj.) "exact opposite;" convert; diverge; divert; evert; extroversion; extrovert; gaiter; introrse; introvert; invert; inward; malversation; obverse; peevish; pervert; prose; raphe; reverberate; revert; rhabdomancy; rhapsody; rhombus; ribald; sinistrorse; stalwart; subvert; tergiversate; transverse; universe; verbena; verge (v.1) "tend, incline;" vermeil; vermicelli; vermicular; vermiform; vermin; versatile; verse (n.) "poetry;" version; verst; versus; vertebra; vertex; vertigo; vervain; vortex; -ward; warp; weird; worm; worry; worth (adj.) "significant, valuable, of value;" worth (v.) "to come to be;" wrangle; wrap; wrath; wreath; wrench; wrest; wrestle; wriggle; wring; wrinkle; wrist; writhe; wrong; wroth; wry. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit vartate "turns round, rolls;" Avestan varet- "to turn;" Hittite hurki- "wheel;" Greek rhatane "stirrer, ladle;" Latin vertere (frequentative versare) "to turn, turn back, be turned; convert, transform, translate; be changed," versus "turned toward or against;" Old Church Slavonic vrŭteti "to turn, roll," Russian vreteno "spindle, distaff;" Lithuanian verčiu, versti "to turn;" German werden, Old English weorðan "to become;" Old English -weard "toward," originally "turned toward," weorthan "to befall," wyrd "fate, destiny," literally "what befalls one;" Welsh gwerthyd "spindle, distaff;" Old Irish frith "against."
—Etymonline.com
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vikinglanguage · 19 days
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How to articulate your emotions in Danish
WARNING: LONG POST AHEAD
Literal years ago, I got an ask about how to talk about emotions in Danish. I was never really entirely sure, what the person was asking about, but I recently had the idea to just flat out translate one of those "how to identify which emotion you're experiencing" charts. So here goes nothing
Please note: all of these are approximations, and a lot of the words that are used to describe the same general feeling are in fact more or less interchangeable, as is the case with the emotion chart.
This is the chart I used:
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[ID in alt text]
bange - fearful
noun: frygt - fear
bange, frygtsom, ræd - scared hjælpeløs - helpless skræmt, rædselsslagen - frightened
nervøs, ængstelig - anxious overvældet - overwhelmed bekymret - worried
usikker - insecure utilstrækkelig - inadequate underlegen, mindreværdig - inferior
svag - weak værdiløs - worthless ubetydelig, betydningsløs - insignificant
afvist - rejected holdt udenfor, ekskluderet - excluded forfulgt - persecuted
truet - threatened nervøs - nervous udsat - exposed
sur - angry
noun: vrede - anger
skuffet, svigtet - let down forrådt - betrayed forurettet - resentful
ydmyget - humiliated ikke f��le sig respekteret - feel disrespected gjort nar ad, latterliggjort - ridiculed
bitter - bitter forarget - indignant krænket - violated
vred - mad rasende - furious jaloux - jealous
aggressiv - aggressive provokeret - provoked hostile - fjendtlig
frustreret - frustrated arrig - infuriated irriteret - annoyed
fjern - distant tilbagetrukken/tilbagetrukket - withdrawn følelsesløs, følelsesforladt - numb
kritisk - critical skeptisk - sceptical affejende, afvisende - dismissive
frastødt - disgusted
noun: afsky - disgust
misbilligende - disapproving fordømmende - judgemental pinligt berørt - embarrassed
skuffet - disappointed forfærdet - appalled væmmes (verb, reflexive) - to be revolted e.g. jeg væmmes ved lugten af fisk 'I am revolted by the smell of fish'
frygtelig - awful kvalm - nauseated foragtelig - detestable
frastødt - repelled forfærdet - horrified tøvende - hesitant
ked af det - sad
noun: bedrøvelse, sorg - sadness, sorrow
såret - hurt flov - embarrassed skuffet - disappointed
deprimeret*, nedtryk - depressed mindreværdig - inferior tom, følelsesforladt - empty *while deprimeret like English depressed primarily should be used in relation to a medical diagnosis of depression, it is also used as a synonym of nedtrykt (literally ned 'down, de' + trykt 'pressed') in the vernacular
skyldig - guilty fortrydende, skyldbetynget, angerfuld - remorseful skamfuld - ashamed
fortvivlelse - despair adj: fortvivlet - despairing sorg - grief adj: sorgfuld, sorgramt, sørgende - grief-stricken, grieving magtesløs - powerless
sårbar - vulnerable gjort til offer, offergjort - victimised skrøbelig - fragile
ensom - lonely isoleret - isolated efterladt - abandoned
glad - happy
noun: glæde, lykke - happiness
legesyg, legende - playful ophidset - aroused fræk - cheeky
tilfreds - content fri - free lykkelig, glad - joyful
interesseret - interested nysgerrig - curious videbegærlig - inquisitive
stolt - proud succesfuld, succesrig - succesful selvsikker - confident
accepteret - accepted respekteret - respected værdsat - valued
stærk, magtfuld - powerful modig - courageous kreativ - creative
fredfyldt - peaceful kærlig - loving taknemmelig - thankful
tillidsfuld - trusting følsom, sensitiv - sensitiv intim, tæt - intimate
optimistisk - optimistic håbefuld - hopeful inspireret - inspired
overrasket - surprised
noun: overraskelse - surprise
forskrækket - startled chokeret - shocked forfærdet - dismayed
forvirret - confused desillusioneret - disillusioned perpleks - perplexed
forbløffet - amazed forbavset - astonished ærefrygt - awe
begejstret, spændt - excited ivrig - eager energisk - energetic
dårligt - bad
kede sig (verb, reflexive) - to be bored e.g. jeg keder mig 'I am bored' ligeglad - indifferent apatisk - apathetic
travl - busy presset - pressured forhastet - rushed
stresset - stressed overvældet - overwhelmed ude af kontrol - out of control
træt - tired søvnig - sleepy ufokuseret - unfocussed
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dedalvs · 1 month
Note
hello sir
I have a High Valyrian grammar question for you
Context: it is a pretty popular fanfiction trend to have one character refer to another character as gevie (beautiful) - in the sense of a pet name not a compliment, like one might call their partner baby/lovely etc.
Problem: when I looked it up gevie is an adjective, and my one semester of Latin set off alarm bells of that not being quite correct.
if I remember correctly one would first need to turn gevie into a noun, and then decline it in the vocative case to make it a grammatically correct nickname.
There is a forum (Linguifex) which claims the noun form of gevie is gevives but I cannot locate any sources on this -ves ending nor how it would be declined.
my best guess from looking at a few different charts is it should look something like this:
gevie (adj.) → gevie + -ves (nom. noun) → gevivys (voc. noun)
Question(s): can you please explain this -ves ending/how you would go about deriving nouns from adjectives in HV
and specifically how you would create the pet name 'beautiful'?
[bonus: pet name 'flower' = rūklon → rūklos. Yes?]
many thanks
If you ever need to look up declensions, go to https://wiki.languageinvention.com/ (it's my site. It goes down a lot, at the moment, but everything for High Valyrian is there).
As for the question (oh, and, yes, rūklos), it kind of depends on what you want to do. If you want to call someone "beauty", you would, indeed, say gevivys, but you would be calling someone "beauty", not "beautiful". For that, I'd just use the vocative of gevie, which would be gevies or gevios. It would depend on who you're saying it to. If it's someone whose name is solar or luanr, use gevies; if it's someone whose name is terrestrial or aquatic, use gevios. Essentially you're choosing the gender based on the missing name (e.g. "beautiful Daenerys", "beautiful Daemon") or noun (e.g. "beautiful woman", "beautiful man", "beautiful star", etc.). Presumably the missing word would be known to the speaker (whatever they're thinking of) and inferred by the hearer, or would be commonly understood.
Incidentally, though, you were spot on about the use of the vocative! It should indeed be the vocative and not the nominative. There is a bit of a question of translation when it comes to using untranslated Valyrian in an English text, but if it's a character speaking English dropping in their own Valyrian, then, yes, presumably they would use the vocative.
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logogreffe · 1 year
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Très vs Trop vs Super vs Vraiment in French
Let's set the scene : You're talking to your friend, she shows you her new art piece and you say "C'est très beau !" to say "It's so pretty !". And for a few seconds she looks a bit disappointed.
(This might sound a bit exaggerated but if a friend of mine, a native French speaker*, says "c'est très beau !" to me, I might assume that :
they're saying that ironically because it's such a strange way to say "it's so pretty !".
they think that I'm under the age of 8 and I'm bothering them - "c'est très beau, now go play with the other children")
(If your friend knows you're not French, she'll understand what you mean, don't worry)
So then, what should you say ?
First, let's take a look at "très"
1. Très // Very :
If you are writing a thesis/sending an email to French clients/talking to your boss etc…using "très" to say "very" is the way to go.
BUT we don't actually use it that much orally in the day to day life in exclamative sentences such as "It's very + adj ! "
Note 1 : Surprisingly if you want to say "It's not very + adj ! " you can still use "très".
Exemple n° 1 et 2 : "C'est pas très bon !" // "It's not very tasty !" "C'est pas très pratique ! " // "It's not very practical !"
In text messages or orally, whenever you want to say "It's very + adj !" I would suggest you forget about "très" and use the other expressions I'll mention in this post. Note 2 : You cannot use the word "très" with every adjective ! - La maison est très belle. La maison est très magnifique. - La soupe est très bonne. La soupe est très délicieuse. [This website lists adjectives you can use to avoid saying "très". The adjectives on the left can be used with "très", the ones on the right cannot.]
2. Trop // Too :
"Trop" can be translated as "too" or "too much"
Exemple n°3 : "Mon café est trop sucré". // "My coffee is too sweet"
BUT NOW. If we go back to our great example : Your friend shows you her art piece. A possible answer is :
"C'est trop beau !" (lit. translation :" it's too pretty").
"C'est + trop + adj ! " is a very common way to say "it's very + adj ! ". Note 1 : It's quite informal ! Be careful whom you use it with !, (I was scolded as a child for using it)
Note 2 : This only works with the adjectives mentionned below ! If you use any other adjectives like "hot" for example : "l'eau est trop chaude" will mean that the water is too hot. (I guess you could also think of "trop" in this context as "so") Note 3 : "Trop" can also be used in the following structure : "Subject + [être] + TROP + Adj" - Beau/belle : C'est trop beau ! // It's so pretty ! (C'est trooooop beau ! // It's soooo pretty ! ) Elles sont trop belles ! // They are so pretty ! - Cool : C'est trop cool ! // It's so cool ! Mon chat est trop cool ! // My cat is so cool ! - Chiant : (!!!bad word alert!!!) C'est trop chiant ! // It's so fucking annoying ! Mon frère est trop chiant. // My brother is such a pain in the ass. - Moche : C'est trop moche ! // It's so/very ugly ! Ce tableau est trop moche. // This painting is so/very ugly. - Bien : C'est trop bien ! // it's so great ! Ce film est trop bien ! // This movie is really great ! - Sympa : C'est trop sympa de ta part ! Merci ! // It's so nice of you! Thank you! Mes amies sont trop sympas ! // My friends are so nice !
Note 4 : Saying "c'est cool ", "c'est beau ", "c'est bien", "c'est sympa" sounds quite passive-aggressive in French. ("c'est chiant", on the other hand works perfectly on its own, don't worry) Note 5 : Those are the most common adjectives that you can use with "trop" . I cannot think of any other adjectives but there might be some more ! The use of "Trop" is really common but informal. What should you say if you don't want to say "trop" and don't want to use "très" either ? -> You can use "super" or "vraiment"
3. Super : You might have seen it translated as "Great". When used in the exclamative sentence "Super !" or before a noun , it does indeed mean "great". But if it is used before an adjective, it becomes synonymous with "really" or "very"!
Exemple n°4 : "Il fait super chaud dehors !" // It's really hot outside !
4. Vraiment : "Super" is a bit more formal than "trop" yet if you're talking to the big boss, "vraiment" would be better.
C'est trop beau ! < C'est super beau ! < C'est vraiment beau !
Note 1 : "Vraiment" literally means "truly". Yet, I feel like in some situations we use this one in French the way English speakers use "really".
Exemple n°5 : "C'est vraiment énervant, j'arrive pas à utiliser ce logiciel" // "It's really/truly annoying, I can't figure out how to use this computer program."
Note 2 : While "trop" and "super" are informal, you can use "vraiment" in both formal and informal settings.
Exemple n°6 : "T'es vraiment chiant !" // "You're really/truly a pain in the ass !" (You could also say "t'es trop chiant !" ou "t'es super chiant !")
5. A few more examples and 3 mores words to say "very"
Exemples n°7 et 8 : "Il fait super froid dehors aujourd'hui ! " // "It's really cold outside today !" "38 euros ? Putain, c'est super cher ! " // " 38 euros ? Fuck, that's really exprensive !" Some people also use "méga" "archi" or "giga" to say "very " , (those 3 are informal as well)
Exemples n°9 , 10 et 11
"Il fait méga chaud dehors ! " // "It's really really hot outside !" "J'ai archi faim !" // "I'm really really hungry" "J'ai giga soif !" // "I'm really really really thirsty" You can try this little test I made about this post here ! * from mainland France
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thecrazyworldbuilder · 10 months
Text
A script I've been working on, for private use. Exclusive.
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Logographic, thus, each symbol is a word.
Sentence starter, designates standard width of the central column.
"Swoosh", works like a parentheses (like this) or a reference, footnote/comment*
Plural diacritic.
"Alpha-swoosh", connects to the symbol on the same column as the one it started on. Used as an en-dash (-), simplifier of compound glyphs, or a rebus word/poetic paraphrasing marker.
A phonoglyph diacritic. Meaning, the glyph represents the initial sound the original, logographic meaning/pronunciation has, which then replaces/adds to the second glyph coming afterwards. Used for words without a specific pronunciation or without an assigned logograph. Think of it like writing "lord" as "L(egacy)(W)ord".
A name group: Name placeholder glyph, link to pronunciation.
An adjective form marker. There's also a verb form marker. Glyphs are usually signifying but not restricted to nouns. If an adj. marker is applied to an adj. glyph, it negates itself and thus becomes a noun.
Swoosh column separator. Those are two separate sentences regarding different cases. Alternatively, this punctuation mark can be used as a comma.
A cartouche, name marker. A diacritic of sorts that alternates the pronunciation of a glyph to mean a proper noun rather a noun. Like "hunter -> Hunter" or "stone -> Peter".
Fullstop, aka period punctuation mark.
NOTE: this script is in development, and for this presentation, the style has been drastically altered. Here, only the mechanics of the writing system are listed.
The script also isn't purposed to be naturalistic, much, as the people using it have their own approach towards writing and philosophy. Though, some glyphs are indeed based on pictograms.
Am not looking for criticism or prompts, but I can't stop you from giving either anyways, so whatever.
*like this.
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sayitaliano · 1 year
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Valentine's day/Love vocabulary
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l'amore [n.] = love amore [n.] = love (as a nickname: *my* love, use no article in this occasion) innamorato/a = sb in love, lover la passione = passion un bacio = a kiss un abbraccio = a hug una carezza = a caress l’attrazione = the attraction la relazione = relationship la felicità = happiness la gioia = joy (also as nickname when without the article) la passione = passion la dichiarazione *d’amore* = *love* declaration
amare = to love innamorarsi = to fall in love uscire con qualcuno/frequentare qualcuno = to date someone tenersi per mano = holding hands sedurre/tentare = to seduce/ to tempt tradire/ingannare = to cheat/ betray someone scaricare qualcuno = to dump sb flirtare = to flirt (pronounced as in English + Italian "are" at the end) avere una cotta/un debole per qualcuno = to have a crush on sb (also: you like sb = ti piace qualcuno) adorare = to adore abbracciare = to hug essere fidanzati (ufficialmente) = to be engaged fare l’occhiolino/ammiccare = to wink chiedere di uscire/chiedere un appuntamento = to ask on a date baciare = to kiss someone/something baciarsi = to kiss each other sposare = to marry essere sposato/a = to be married sposarsi = to get married slang: limonare = to make out
il matrimonio = wedding  l'appuntamento = the date [noun] il cuore = heart i cioccolatini = praline, chocolate candy le rose = roses i fiori = flowers un mazzo (un bouquet) di fiori = a bouquet of flowers un regalo, un pensiero = a gift la fidanzata, la morosa = girlfriend     il fidanzato, il moroso = boyfriend il compagno/la compagna = girlfriend/boyfriend (mostly for adults) giorno di San Valentino = Valentine’s Day civetta = a girl who likes to flirt (not used very much anymore) cascamorto = a boy who likes to flirt cupido = cupid l'amante = lover (secret, cheater/3rd party in particular)
caro/a – dear, beloved (adj. as well as a nickname) bellezza, bello – cutie, handsome (to a male) bello/a – beautiful, handsome tesoro, dolcezza – darling, sweetheart (adj. and a nickname) dolce = sweet (also as noun: dessert) tenero/a = tender romantico/a = romantic
mi piaci = I like you ti amo, ti voglio bene = I love you mi manchi = I miss you ti amerò per sempre = I will love you forever. amore a prima vista / colpo di fulmine = Love at first sight. non posso vivere senza te = I can’t live without you Buon San Valentino = Happy Valentine’s Day festeggeremo con una cenetta romantica = We’ll celebrate with a romantic dinner un pensiero per te = A gift (thought) for you
More nicknames (no articles):
tesoro = *my* treasure cucciolo/cucciola, cucciolotto/cucciolotta = *my* pet, little pet topolino/topolina = little mouse (mio) caro/(mia) cara = (my) dear/darling piccola/piccolo, bimba/bimbo = little one, baby bambola = doll biscottino/biscottina = little biscuit micino/micina, gattino/gattina = kitty maialino/maialina = little pig tigrotto/tigrotta = little tiger momo/moma from “amoro” and “amora” (”amore” in a made up male/female version) = *my* love (in a cute way) ami/amo (or “amy”) = diminutive of “amore” (still cute) tato/tata (patato/patata, patatino/patatina) = dear (potato) orsacchiotto/orsacchiotta = teddy bear
… and I guess most of the cute animals’/cookies’/sweet stuff’s diminutives, as far as your imagination can take you! (The first 4/5 words work also in mother/son or grandma/nephew relationships, while probably the others are mostly used among partners)
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frenzyarts · 3 months
Note
idk if u ever wondered this but i wonder why whenever people talk abt au characters there’s like an exclamation point in the middle. like example yandere!sans like what was up with that
Reddit has the answer :D from this Reddit post (copy and pasted here for your convenience)
“"! = The Exclamation Mark or 'Bang' Symbol -- refers to a short form for expressing the presence of a particular trait or defining quality of a character in a story. One which is usually not part of the original canon characterization, or is at least an extreme interpretation of the canon characterization. Most often written in the format of trait first and character's name last, with the symbol in between. (For example: "Smart!Jack" in Stargate: SG-1, indicating that the character of Jack O'Neill is secretly smarter than he pretends to be.) The compact format of [trait]![character's name] manages to quickly and clearly describe to the reader an accurate depiction of the author's choice in characterization before they even read the story."
http://www.angelfire.com/falcon/moonbeam/terms.html
EDIT: found some more
"Fan Fic communities will often have tags specific to their fandoms that they use to describe tropes that occur with some regularity (Slytherin!Harry, Future!Hiro, or Vamp!Willow, for example). The title of a given Fan Fic 'verse, or an abbreviation thereof, can also be used to indicate the version of a character from that setting, particularly when there have been major changes to them: UF!Utena, SME!Jadeite. Because this kind of tagging is ad hoc and in no way formalized, it's common to see unusual and/or idiosyncratic tags that indicate some truly wild variants, such as Cyborg!Xander or Amberite!Xena. The practice is starting to seep out from fanfiction, though, and can also be used when talking about similar things in the source material, such as, for example, Future!Hiro, Vamp!Willow, or Brainwashed!Undead!Starscream (Energon!Starscream for short). It's also used in a more tongue-in-cheek manner to categorize examples of the Mary Sue in a quick, concise form. It can also be used to identify a specific version of a character or work when it had been done by different people and/or in different media since those can vary wildly from the source material. Sometimes this uses the name of the specific author or simply the form of the work (Manga!Pride, Anime!Greed, Leroux!Erik, or Movie!Phantom) These tags are also occasionally used when dealing with customizable characters in computer games. In addition, tags like this are used in spreadsheet programs to denote what sheet the cell in question is on if it's not on the same sheet as the cell you're typing in. Bang paths were used in early e-mail to specify a UUCP route to a given user, and they're still part of the return path in Usenet"
http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/CharacterizationTags
EDIT AGAIN: Found even more. There seem to be conflicted views on the origins of this, but this one at least explicitly addresses them:
"Origins The adj!noun format is purported to have started in X-Files fandom. Good examples for this are Wombat's Spotter's Guide to the Common Krycek and the accompanying Spotter's Guide to the Common Mulder where several Krycek sub-species such as Bad to the Bone!Krycek, Bad but Lovin'!Krycek, Hot'n'dirty!Krycek or Misunderstood!Krycek and Mulder sub-subspecies such as Angst!Mulder, Basketcase!Mulder, HappySlut!Mulder, Sensitive!Mulder and WellAdjusted!Mulder are described. The first usage was Action!Mulder, referring to canon scenes where Mulder suddenly went all actiony (instead of talky), followed by Saint!Scully. Eventually they lost the initial capitals and the canon connections; by the time it hit other fandoms, it was being used to describe fannish things.[1] Some believe that the use of the exclamation mark came originally from coding, particularly javascript, where it has the meaning of "not". Thus, Saint!Scully would essentially mean, a characterization (in fanworks) of Scully as a saint which diverges from who Scully really is in the show. This possible origin remains obscure, though, and this belief about the bang appears nowadays quite rare."
http://fanlore.org/wiki/!
FINAL EDIT:
Thanks this was actually an interesting little side-trip into something I didn't previously know about.”
Also this:
“Thank you so much! This was exactly what I was after. :)
EDIT: I just found this additional explanation from a Tumblr post, makes sense!
It’s originally from C/C++ code. If you have a boolean variable that’s true or false and you put a ! in front of it, it just flips the value. If the variable is X and X is true, then !X is false. So it’s basically saying the character is the variable, ! activates a different version of the variable, and the identifier at the front tells you what version of the variable it is.”
I had wondered if it had something to do with programming, I’ve worked with C++ and javascript in the past 🤔 thanks for sending me down that rabbit hole anon!!
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bootobeneficiary · 1 year
Note
how do you make him lust over you and have him wrapped around your finger when you’re more innocent like? i struggle with being seductive, i have always been the “cute” “innocent” girl.
You’re Not “Innocent”, You’re Ignorant…ReSpEcTfUlLy
urTOOspoiled Big Sis Series
Tumblr media
You’re dating (TOO) stupid. Stop.
LUST-noun: sexual desire; greed
“How do you make him lust over you and have him wrapped around your finger when you’re more innocent like?”
You cannot make a man do anything, however a man wanting to fuck you sexually desire your being is the easiest thing to achieve. There’s no value in being a cum dump though, so what’s the game plan after your pussy becomes a bore?
A man having a strong desire for you sexually would NOT AT ALL have him wrapped around your finger. In fact, it’ll be the other way around because has a strategy to use you as a booty call while allowing you to believe you’re the siren in charge.
That’s dangerously naïve to assume such foolery. He will LUST after you (just like you want) until the woman he’s in LOVE with let’s him into her world…and she most likely didn’t entertain nor fulfill his sexual desires towards her.
LUST LACKS LONGEVITY & OFTEN LOGIC
In addition, you’re confusing “seductive” with “sexy”. A(ny one) woman who appears “sexy” via dressing or speaking in a sexually direct manner isn’t exactly seductive mamas.
SEDUCTIVE-adj: tempting and attractive; enticing.
I don’t know what you mean by “cute, innocent” girl, however I’m assuming you’re extremely young(minded) and are expressing that you’re less expressive & educated when it comes to your sexual desires & intentions. That’s not innocent. That’s ignorant.
IGNORANT-adj: uneducated; without knowledge.
A man will label you as “innocent” because in his mind you are GREEN TO DECEIVE due to your lack of knowledge.
You’re “innocent” so you’re more willing to believe all the other girls he messed over were the guilty ones…when in fact he’s the menace to society.
It appears that you’re VERY out of touch with your femininity. You’re not seductive because you haven’t bothered to seduce yourself, hence why you struggle to seduce others.
With that being said, it’s time you tune into yourself and learn to lust (and love) yourself prior to seeking that validation elsewhere.
NEXT POST: You Cannot SEDUCE Without STRATEGY
Join the TOOspoiled Dating Treehouse for Top Dating Tips!
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kanskje-kaffe · 1 year
Text
Mando Culture Studies✨Pt. 1 - English
There are a lot of English influences in Mandalorian culture, from black ale drunk by the helmetful to uj’alaya, the Mandalorian dark fruitcake favored for all the same reasons as the traditional English one: easy storage, high energy, and long-life fruit preservation. Also, the willingness to get wasted and scrap with people anywhere in the Galaxy.
The strongest sign of this influence is in the language. A lot of words in Mando’a are at least derived from English working-class dialect words, especially Geordie dialect, if not just… the same word. I moved to the North-East of England back in 2020 and it’s remarkable how many mando’a words I’ve heard in everyday conversation since coming here.
Here’s a few of the connections I’ve noticed/heard in real life between Geordie/English words and Mando’a:
Chaav’la (adj.): rough, belonging to the criminal underclass
Chav/charva (n.): a rough urban person. I heard this derived from an acronym meaning ‘council-housed and violent’ lol, I don’t know if that’s a true derivation but it’s an accurate description of what the word describes. Chav is used all over England and charva is specifically a Geordie word
Shebs (n.): ass, backside, rear (of person or building etc.)
Chebs (n.): lumps on the body eg. ass, tits (male or female) etc. I heard this one in the wild when a coworker said he was ‘freezing his chebs off’. Geordie dialect
Skran (n.): food
Scran (n., v.): food, or eating. As a noun it can be food of any description but you’d be less likely to use it to describe fancy food. When used as a verb I think it has the connotation of scarfing the food down, eating quickly or in an unrefined way. You can call a food truck a ‘scran van’. Geordie dialect
Yaim (n.): home
Yem: home. ‘I’ll gan yem’ means ‘I’m going home’. Geordie dialect
Skanah (n.): a hated or loathsome thing, an object of dislike
Scunners (n., v.): as a noun, a horror or an object of dislike. As a verb, a strong feeling of aversion. This one is actually Scottish
Wayii: a general exclamation, like ‘good grief’
Way aye: an exclamation indicating affirmation or agreement. This one is more of a stretch, but since there are already Geordie words in Mando’a and Way aye is one of the most well-known Geordie phrases there is, I think it’s impossible the connection wasn’t made
Kando (n.): importance, weight
Kandosii: nice one! Wicked! Well done!
Canny (adv., adj.): as an adverb, canny means ‘very’ or ‘extremely’. Something can be canny good or canny bad. As an adjective, it’s always positive. ‘That’s canny’ or ‘he’s canny’ means good, reliable, sound, positive. He’s a stand-up guy. It’s a good outcome. Like wayii this one is more of a stretch, but it immediately stood out to me and I doubt I’m the only one. Geordie dialect
Mhi (pr.): us
Us (pr.): me. LOL. It’s common in a lot of working-class English dialects to say ‘us’ for ‘me’, but especially so in the North-East. “Can you give us that” means “can you give me that”. I’m absolutely positive this is an intentional reversal and it’s also hilarious
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spanishskulduggery · 1 year
Text
Most Essential Vocabulary #2
Part 2 of Most Essential Vocab, as always I’ll include notes when I think something needs more explaining and I’ll point out regionalisms when I know them. 
And if anyone has any alternate words/regionalisms they know of for things, please let me know - it helps me and everyone else too!
...I also REALLY overdid it with the food categories, but it’s pretty much the majority of things you can find in a grocery store, market, or supermarket as far as food... except for more specific things like names of fish (which I don’t always know myself, and isn’t THAT essential unless you go to the fishmonger a lot)
-
Occupations [Los Oficios]
I’ll be including the male and female forms of things - anything with just one form is unisex
Note: Pretty much anything with -ista in it is unisex, even if it ends in A; as an example el artista or la artista. 
trabajador, trabajadora = worker [n] trabajador(a) = hard-working [adj]
abogado, abogada = lawyer abogado/a defensor(a) / la defensa = defense lawyer / defense fiscal / abogado/a de la acusación = prosecutor [generally in a trial it’s the abogado/a “attorney/lawyer” or la defensa as a general term, and then you have el/la fiscal “prosecutor”... who is also technically abogado/a but a different function]
doctor, doctora = doctor
médico, médica = doctor [specifically medicine]
maestro, maestra = teacher [lit. “master”; it is often used with teachers that cover multiple subjects and pre-college/university... usually a maestro/a tends to teach younger children, or they’re a “master” or “teacher” in martial arts or music]
el profesor, la profesora = professor [more common in university and for people who are more experts or who have specialized learning degrees]
hombre de negocios, mujer de negocios = businessman/businesswoman
artista = artist
músico, música = musician [not to be confused with la música “music” by itself which is a noun]
dentista = dentist
sastre = tailor
albañil = builder, construction worker [lit. “bricklayer”; this is sometimes the word for “mason” and general construction work and those working with stone, brick, or cement]
contratista = contractor 
granjero, granjera = farmer
cocinero, cocinera = cook
chef = chef
camarero, camarera = waiter, waitress / server* mesero, mesera = waiter, waitress / server [more Latin America]
panadero, panadera = baker [specifically el pan “bread”]
pastelero, pastelera = baker [specifically cakes or pastry; as la pasta means “dough/pastry” and los pasteles are “cakes”]
carnicero, carnicera = butcher
cazador, cazadora = hunter [la cazadora could also be “huntress” if you’re feeling fancy]
leñador, leñadora = woodcutter / lumberjack, “lumberjill”
mago, maga = magician [or “mage” if you’re playing an RPG; usually mago/a in the real world means someone who does illusions or card tricks etc]
científico, científica = scientist
químico, química = chemist [someone working with chemicals]
farmacéutico, farmacéutica = pharmacist / chemist [UK]
biólogo, bióloga = biologist
pescador, pescadora = fisher
marinero, marinera = sailor
cartero, cartera = postal worker, courier, “mailman” / “mailwoman”
soldado = soldier
atleta = athlete
nadador, nadadora = swimmer
jugador / jugadora (de algo) = player (of something) [in some contexts el juego “game” or jugador, jugadora can be “gambling” and “gambler”]
futbolista = football player / soccer player
beisbolista = baseball player
luchador, luchadora = fighter / wrestler
electricista = electrician
informático, informática = computer tech, IT [internet tech] person [la informática is the general word for “computer sciences” - so anyone who deals with computer things is often called informático/a]
programador, programadora = programmer
plomero, plomera = plumber [Latin America in general] fontanero, fontanera = plumber [Spain and parts of Mexico and Central America] gasiftero, gasfitera = plumber [parts of South America]
técnico, técnica = technician [also sometimes someone who repairs things; it’s not just “tech expert”, it could be very widely applied]
policía = police officer
autor, autora = author
escritor, escritora = writer
dramaturgo, dramaturga = playwright
actor, actriz = actor / actress [sometimes actresses use actor for themselves as a way to distance themselves from the gender of it all; but in general you see actor/actriz and los actores “actors”... saying las actrices specifically refers to “actresses”]
poeta, poetisa = poet [we rarely use “poetess” in English today but it exists]
escultor, escultora = sculpter
pintor, pintora = painter
contable = accountant [I think Spain] contador, contadora = accountant [more Latin America; lit. “counter”]
político, política = politician
juez (sometimes jueza in feminine) = judge
banquero, banquera = banker, bank worker
cajero, cajera = cashier / clerk / teller (at a bank) [cajero/a really means “someone who operates the cash register” but la caja “box” is also applied to la caja fuerte “safe” or “strongbox” so it applies to bank tellers as well; anytime there’s a cash register involved, you’re probably dealing with a cajero/a]
dependiente, dependienta = retail worker, sales clerk
el dueño, la dueña = owner / landlord, landlady
propietario, propietaria = owner, property owner
jefe, jefa = boss
asesor, asesora = consultant
consejero, consejera = advisor, consultant, counselor / councilor (someone serving on a council)
gerente, gerenta = manager manager / mánager = manager
empleado, empleada = employee
*Note: camarero/a by itself is often used as “waiter/waitress” but in some places it means “maid” as in the person who cleans up rooms in a hotel. This is because camarero/a originally meant “chamberlain” related to la cámara “bedroom/chamber” or la cama “bed” - a camarero/a would attend to someone like their personal servant and in older works it meant an adviser or someone who oversaw an important person’s appointments and sometimes coordinated their outfits or oversaw the other staff.
It came to be “waiter/waitress” in inns and hotels and the noble houses where someone might be coordinating your sleeping arrangements and also making sure you were fed, possibly serving you themselves
Today, camarero/a is often your “server” in (I think?) Spain, but in other places they’re the people cleaning up after you at a hotel. To the best of my knowledge, the cleaning crew is typically el criado or la criada “servant” - but often la criada means “maid”, both in history and today............. and outside of Batman you rarely are going to see el mayordomo “butler” used, but just in case, there it is
The term mesero/a is directly related to la mesa “table” so they’re specifically the person bringing things to and from the table which no added meanings. To the best of my knowledge this is more common in Latin America; and your camarero/a is probably the cleaning crew
*Note 2: The word músico/a for “musician” is the umbrella term. Most instruments have their own word and frequently end in -ista... such as pianista “pianist”, flautista “flautist” / “flute player”, or baterista “drummer”, as well as guitarrista “guitar player” and bajista “bass player”
You’ll find more specific terms for specific sports, activities, and other skills. Many end in -ista, and some like martial arts have specific works themselves
~
el oficio = occupation / job, job title
el puesto = position
el hueco = vacancy [lit. “a hollow/empty spot” or “gap”; can refer to jobs or empty spaces in schedules/calendars, or it can mean “a hollow” of a tree or a “gap” in something]
el trabajo = job / work
la labor = labor, work [used both for working hard and childbirth]
trabajar = to work
laborar / laburar = to work [regional; especially common in South America or Río de la Plata]
el tajo = “work”, “workplace” [I think this is regional; lit. el tajo is “a slice” or “slash”]
la oficina = office
el bufete = firm [usually law firm]
la compañía = company
la empresa = enterprise
el despacho = office (someone’s personal office; usually for teachers or bosses; this is not the “office” you typically work in, this is someone’s private workspace)
Also worth pointing out - somewhat related - that a “doctor’s office” is frequently el consultorio. It’s specifically the place you go to for a consulta “examination” or “medical exam”; so it’s more the actual building. In some places you will see “the doctor’s” referred to as la clínica “clinic” or “doctor’s (office)”; and in some places el hospital although this is very regional as sometimes el hospital or la clínica can carry different connotations of being privately owned or not
-
Buildings and the City [Los Edificios y la Ciudad]
el edificio = building
el rascacielos = skyscraper [lit. “scratches skies”]
el pueblo = town / population (people)
la aldea = village, small town
la ciudad = city
la calle = street / road
el callejón = alley
el coche, el carro, el auto = car [all are regional, all make perfect sense to everyone but they are regionally preferred - Spain tends towards coche, Latin America in general prefers carro, and parts of South America use auto]
la carretera, la autopista = highway
la acera = sidewalk [semi-related la acera is also used in many expressions related to sexually; ser de la otra acera or ser de la acera de enfrente tend to mean “to play for the other team” as in “to be gay”, and literally they mean “to be from the other sidewalk” or “to be from the opposite sidewalk”]
la escuela = school
el instituto = institute / high school [regional]
el colegio = high school [regional]
la universidad = university, college, academy
el banco = bank [el banco can also be “bench” in some places]
el mercado = market, marketplace
el supermercado, el súper = supermarket
la biblioteca = library
la farmacia = pharmacy la droguería = pharmacy [regional]
el hospital = hospital
la clínica = doctor’s office / clinic
la estación = station la estación de tren = train station la estación de policía / la comisaría = police office
el andén = platform
el ayuntamiento = town hall, city hall
la iglesia = church
el catedral = cathedral
la mezquita = mosque
el templo = temple
la sinagoga = synagogue 
el parque = park el parque de diversiones = theme park
el monumento = monument
la galería (de arte) = art gallery
la peluquería = hair salon, hairdresser’s
el bufete = law firm
la oficina = office
la fuente = fountain
la estatua = statue
el aeropuerto = airport
el puerto = port
el barco = ship
el muelle / los muelles = docks, wharf
el autobus, el bus = bus
el taxi = taxi
el restaurante = restaurant
el café = cafe
la granja = farm
la finca, la hacienda = estate / plantation [sometimes “farm” but in the sense of “this is the main house on the farmlands”]
la pastelería = bakery (cakes/sweets)
la panadería = bakery (bread)
el centro comercial = shopping center / mall
la librería = bookstore 
el castillo = castle
el palacio = palace
la fábrica = factory
el taller = workshop / art studio
el estadio = stadium
el correo / los correos / la oficina de correos = post office [kinda regional, but el correo is “mail” so it all makes sense regardless]
la tienda = store [la tienda literally means “tent”, so you will see it as la tienda de camping “tent (for camping)” as well; this is because people’s shops used to be outside and covered in awnings or tents, or they could be mobile and they’d set up tents to sell goods]
el almacén = department store [lit. “warehouse”]
el museo = museum
el teatro = theater
el cine = movie theater, “the movies”
el acuario = aquarium
el planetario = planetarium el observatorio = observatory
la torre = tower
la fortaleza = fortress
el portal = gate [or “portal”]
la puerta = door
la ventana = window
el cristal = window [lit. “crystal”, but el cristal is commonly used for “a pane of glass” and “windows” in general; it may also refer to “glass” in general... the other word for “glass” is el vidrio which is sometimes more formal or the material, but el cristal can be the glass part of clocks, watches, compasses, etc]
la casa = house
el hogar = home
-
In the Kitchen [En la Cocina]
la sal = salt
la pimienta = pepper
el azúcar = sugar
la miel = honey
el agua = water [technically feminine noun]
la grasa = fat
la harina = flour la harina de maíz / la maicena = cornstarch
el ácido = acid
el aceite = oil el aceite de oliva = olive oil el aceite de girasol = sunflower oil el aceite de cártamo = safflower oil el aceite de sésamo = sesame oil el aceite vegetal = vegetable oil el aceite de cacahuete/maní = peanut oil el aceite de coco = coconut oil el aceite de aguacate = avocado oil
el vinagre = vinegar
el huevo = egg
la yema = yolk
la clara (de huevo) = egg white 
la tortilla = omelet
[when it’s not the tortillas you see in more Latin American food, a tortilla refers to “omelet”; literally a tortilla refers to “turned/twisted” from torcer, so it originally meant something that was flipped halfway through, or partially folded]
la tortilla de papa / patata = potato omelet [EXTREMELY common dish in Spain] la tortilla española = Spanish tortilla / potato omelet
la tortilla de maíz = corn tortilla la tortilla de harina = flour tortilla
Vegetables [Los Vegetales]
los vegetales = vegetables las verduras = vegetables, greens
la lechuga = lettuce
el tomate = tomato
la zanahoria = carrot
la cebolla = onion
el puerro = leek
el apio = celery
el ajo = garlic el diente de ajo = garlic clove [lit. “tooth of garlic”]
la papa = potato = Latin America la patata = potato [Spain]
(las) papas/patatas fritas = (French) fries / chips [UK] [lit. “fried potatoes”]
la batata = sweet potato el camiote = sweet potato [Central America] el boniato = sweet potato [usually more Rio de la Plata]
la alcachofa = artichoke
la col / el repollo = cabbage
el brócoli = broccoli [has some other regional spellings like brécol or bróculi but generally the same sound-ish]
la coliflor = cauliflower
la col rizada, el repollo rizado = kale [lit. “curly cabbage”] la berza = kale
la calabaza = pumpkin
el calabacín = squash / zucchini / gourd
la berenjena = eggplant, aubergine
el pepino = cucumber
el pimiento = bell pepper [regional]
el chile / el ají = chile pepper
el aguacate = avocado
el hinojo = fennel
la aceituna = olive [regional but the most standard] la oliva = olive [regional]
el hongo = mushroom la seta = mushroom el champiñón = mushroom [all regional but all mostly make sense to everyone else; I believe champiñón is more common in Spain]
el guisante, los guisantes = pea, peas
el nabo = turnip
el rábano = radish
la remolacha = beet el betabel = beet [regional] la betarraga = beet [regional]
la espinaca = spinach
Meat and Fish [La Carne y El Pescado]
la carne = meat / flesh
el pollo = chicken / poultry
el pavo = turkey
el puerco / el cerdo = pork [or “pig”]
el jamón = ham
la salchicha = sausage
el res / (la) vaca = beef [la vaca being “cow”]
la hamburguesa = hamburger
la ternera = veal
el bistec = steak
el lomo (de algo) = loin [usually el lomo de res or el lomo de puerco]
el solomillo = sirloin
el filete = fillet
la albóndiga = meatball [depending on region the exact kind differs, but in general las albóndigas are some kind of meatballs]
el conejo / la liebre = rabbit / hare
la rana = frog
el caracol, los caracoles = snails
el pescado = fish
el bacalao = cod
el salmón = salmon
la platija / el lenguado = flounder
el atún = tuna
la trucha = trout
la pez espada = swordfish
la perca = perch
el esturión = sturgeon
la merluza = hake
el abadejo = pollock
la anguila = eel
la anchoa / el boquerón = anchovy
la sardina = sardine
la almeja = clam
el mejillón = mussel
la ostra = oyster
el calamar = squid
el pulpo = octopus
la vieira = scallop [many regional names here, just saying]
el camarón = shrimp la gamba = prawn, shrimp [both generally mean the same thing, but they are more regional; a gamba is typically bigger in my experience but because they look the same they get used as the same general thing]
el marisco, los mariscos = shellfish, seafood [general term; if you’re being specific, los mariscos mean “anything from the sea”, but if you’re differentiating fish and shellfish you use el pescado for “fish” and los mariscos for “shellfish”]
Dairy [Los Lácteos]
el lácteo, los lácteos = dairy products
la leche = milk
la nata = cream  la crema = cream [more or less the same, but some places use one more than the other; everyone understands it though]
el queso = cheese
el yogur = yogurt
la mantequilla = butter la manteca = lard
Starches and Legumes [Los Almidones y Las Legumbres]
el almidón = starch
el maíz = corn
la empanada = empanada / fried dumpling [lit. “covered in bread”, so it can be many things that are covered in dough; I’ve even seen “pot pie” called empanada]
el pan = bread la hogaza = loaf (of bread)
la miga / la migaja = breadcrumb
el trigo = wheat
la avena = oat
los cereales = cereal / grains
el arroz = rice
la pasta = pasta [sometimes “dough”]
el espagueti, los espaguetis = spaghetti
el ñoqui = gnocci
la lasaña = lasagna
los fideos = noodles
la legumbre, las legumbres = legumes
la lenteja, las lentejas = lentils
el frijol, los frijoles = beans la habichuela, las habichuelas = beans la alubia, las alubias = beans la judía, las judías = beans [they all kind of mean “beans”, it’s all regional but frijoles makes me think of Mexico or some parts of Latin America; typically they add a color to specify... so you might see las judías OR las habichuelas verdes for “green beans”, or you might see las habichuelas rojas or los frijoles rojos for “red beans” or “kidney beans”; everyone mostly knows what you’re talking about, don’t worry]
Fruits [Las Frutas]
la fruta = fruit
la manzana = apple
la naranja = orange la mandarina = Mandarin oranges / oranges
el melocotón = peach [Spain] el durazno = peach [Latin America]
la cereza = cherry
el coco = coconut
la piña = pineapple
el albaricoque = apricot [Spain] el damasco = apricot [Latin America] el chabacano = apricot [Mexico]
la uva = grape
la toronja = grapefruit
la fresa = strawberry [in general] la frutilla = strawberry [in some countries; fresa in some countries can be “posh” or “rich”]
la frambuesa = raspberry
la mora = mulberry / blueberry [sometimes la mora azul]
el arándano (azul) = blueberry
el arándano rojo = cranberry
la baya = berry
el higo = fig
el dátil = date
el melón = melon
la sandía = watermelon
la ciruela = plum la ciruela pasa = prune 
la pasa, las pasas = raisins [la pasa can refer to any kind of dried fruit, usually it’s “raisins” meaning la uva pasa “raisins” from grapes, or la ciruela pasa “prune” from plums]
el limón = lemon
la lima = lime [sometimes it’s limón for “lime”; it’s very confusing and regional]
la banana = banana el banano = banana [regional; sometimes “banana tree”]
el plátano = plantain / banana [regional]
Nuts [Los Frutos Secos]
los frutos secos = nuts [lit. “dry yieldings”; where fruto as “fruit” refers to anything that a plant produces or “bears”]
el maní / el cacahuete = peanut
la castaña = chestnut
la nuez = walnut
el pistacho = pistachio
el anarcado / la castaña de cajú = cashew
la almendra = almond
la avellana = hazelnut
la semilla = seed
la semilla de girasol = sunflower seed
la semilla de calabaza = pumpkin seed la pipa = pumpkin seed [Spain; la pipa is just “pip” or “seed”] la pepita = pumpkin seed [Mexico; it’s a specific type, but in general la pepita can be a pumpkin seed or a small seed]
la mantequilla/crema de (algo) = butter (of some kind) la mantequilla/crema de cacahuete/maní = peanut butter la mantequilla/crema de almendra = almond butter
Herbs and Spices [Las Hierbas y Las Especias]
la hierba = herb [or “grass”]
la hoja = leaf
el tallo = stem, stalk
la albahaca = basil
el laurel, la hoja de laurel = bay leaf, laurel
el perejil = parsley
el orégano = oregano
la salvia = sage
el romero = rosemary
el tomillo = thyme
el eneldo = dill
el cilantro = cilantro / coriander 
la especia = spice
la corteza = bark (of a tree) / crust (of bread/cake)
la raíz = root
la canela = cinnamon
el jengibre = ginger
el clavo = clove [or “nail” or “hoof” in general]
la pimienta = pepper (spice)
la pimienta de Jamaica = allspice [lit. “Jamaica pepper”]
el cardamomo = cardamom
la cúrcuma = turmeric
la nuez moscada = nutmeg
el cilantro = coriander / cilantro
la (semilla de) mostaza = mustard (seed)
molido/a = ground en polvo = ground [lit. “in dust (form)”]
el polvo de ajo = garlic powder el polvo de cebolla = onion powder el polvo de chile/ají = chili powder el polvo de curry = curry powder
la paprika = paprika [often the Hungarian sweet kind] el pimentón = paprika [often the spicy Spanish kind, commonly the spice for chorizo, but pimentón can also be used for “bell pepper” in some places]
la sal = salt la sal marina = seasalt la sal en escamas = flakey salt [lit. “salt in scales”; the escamas are “scales” for fish or reptiles, but en escamas is often the term for “flaked” or “flakey”]
Other Things [Otras Cosas]
el condimento = condiment 
la mayonesa = mayonnaise
el ketchup, el catsup = ketchup
la mostaza = mustard
la salsa = sauce / salsa la salsa de tomate = tomato sauce la salsa béchamel / el béchamel = bechamel sauce, cream sauce la salsa de soja = soy sauce
la soja = soy 
el vino = wine el vino tinto = red wine el vino blanco = white wine
el jerez = sherry
la cerveza = beer / ale
la mezcla = mix, mixture
la vinagreta = vinaigrette / salad dressing el aderezo (de ensalada) / el arreglo (de ensalada) = salad dressing [el aderezo may also mean “condiments” or “fixings” for other foods, but specifically for salads it’s “dressing”]
el puré = puree / mash, “mashed” / blended (el) puré de papa/patata = mashed potatoes (el) puré de manzana = applesauce [also la compota de manzana which is “apple compote”] (el) puré de calabaza = pumpkin puree, mashed pumpkin
endulzado/a = sweetened
enchilado/a = covered in chiles, covered in a spicy sauce
batido/a = whipped / creamed / scrambled [batir means “to strike” like “to slap”, or “to hit”; it could also be “stirred” and you may see it used along with agitado/a “stirred” or “shaken”]
relleno/a = stuffed el relleno = stuffing / filling
en escabeche = marinated / brined, in brine en salmuera = brined, in brine [el escabeche is “marinade” or “pickling juice”, la salmuera is literally “brine” as in related to salt water] 
hervido/a = boiled
adobado/a = marinaded (meat usually), covered in spices / spice rubbed [el adobo can mean a few things but it’s often a spice mix of some kind, sometimes a brine or marinade]
frito/a = fried
horneado/a = baked (in the oven) [from el horno “oven”, but hornear is “to bake” or generally “to use the oven”]
al vapor = steamed [lit. “(cooked) in steam”]
asado/a = roasted / baked
tostado/a = toasted
dorado/a = browned [lit. “made golden” from dorar “to gild” or “to coat in gold”, but in cooking it means “to brown”]
estofado/a = stewed, simmered
al horno = oven-baked [or al forno for Italian things]
encurtido/a = pickled los pepinos encurtidos = pickles [lit. “pickled cucumbers”]
el curtido = ceviche / slaw [generally it depends, but a curtido is some kind of sour marinated dish, and it can be vegetables like “coleslaw” OR it could be some kind of ceviche; if you see a curtido just know it is generally acidic or pickled]
la milanesa = breaded cutlet [anything milanesa refers to something breaded and fried; la milanesa de pollo is “breaded chicken cutlet”, la milanesa de res is “breaded beef cutlet” etc]
el sándwich = sandwich [standard I think (?); sometimes it has alternate spellings/pronunciations]
el bocadillo = sandwich [Spain usually, specifically on a long piece of bread like a baguette; for everyone else this is “mouthful” usually] la torta = sandwich [Mexico, specifically on a round roll] el emparedado = sandwich [I think mostly Spain; it literally means “between walls”]
la masa = dough
el pastel = cake [regional] la torta = cake [in Mexico a torta is a type of sandwich]
la tarta = tart, pie / cake [regional]
la galleta = cookie la galleta salada = cracker [lit. “salted gallete”]
la tostada = toast (a piece of toast)
glaseado/a = frosted/iced
el glaseado = frosting/icing la escarcha = frosting/icing [lit. “frost”] [you may also see la cobertura “topping” OR el baño “bath” as frosting or icing, it all depends]
la confitura = jam, jelly, compote, preserves la confitura de (algo) = (something) confit/compote/preserves
la jalea = jelly
la mermelada = jam, jelly, preserves, marmalade
la crema batida = whipped cream
el dulce, los dulces = sweet thing, sweets / possibly candy
la gomita = gummy candy
la golosina = candy [in general; kind of like the category like “confection”; all candies are golosinas really]
el chocolate = chocolate
la vainilla = vanilla
el helado = ice cream
dulce = sweet
agrio/a = sour, bitter ácido/a = sour, tart
amargo = bitter, sour
agridulce = bittersweet, sweet and sour
salado/a = salty, salted
picante = spicy [sometimes picoso/a or enchiloso/a though enchiloso/a to me implies a chile]
duro/a = hard
blando/a = soft
suave = smooth
espeso/a = thick [mixtures]
crujiente = crunchy
grasoso/a = greasy
aceitoso/a = oily
empalagoso/a, empalagante = cloyingly sweet, sickly sweet
seco/a = dry
mojado/a = wet empapado/a = soaked, wet
el sabor = taste
crudo/a = raw
cocido/a = cooked bien cocido/a = “well done” [for steaks]
Beverages [Las Bebidas]
la bebida = beverage, drink
el café = coffee
el tueste = roast [for coffee] el tueste claro = light roast coffee el tueste oscuro = dark roast tostado/a = roasted/toasted
el té = tea el té negro = black tea el té verde = green tea el té helado = iced tea
el té (de algo) = (some kind of) tea el té de manzanilla = chamomile tea el té de hierbas / el té herbal = herbal tea
el alcohol = alcohol
el trago = a shot (of alcohol)
(andar/salir) de copas = to go out drinking [la copa is “wine glass”, related to the word “goblet”, so de copas is “out drinking” in a way]
el vaso (de agua) = glass (of water)
la taza (de té/café) = cup/mug (of tea/coffee) / teacup or coffee cup/mug
la copa = glass (of wine)
el refresco = soda [regional] la gaseosa = soda [regional] la bebida gaseosa = soft drink
la soda = soda [can also be “seltzer water” or “club soda”]
con gas = carbonated, “sparkling” [lit. “with gas” sin gas = uncarbonated, “flat”
la cidra = cider
el vino = wine el vino tinto = red wine el vino blanco = white wine
el champán = champagne
la cerveza = beer la caña = draft beer [at least in Spain; idk about everywhere else; lit. caña is “reed” or “tube” so it means it comes from a keg or spigot or something is “on tap”]
el ron = rum
la ginebra = gin
el vodka = vodka
el whiskey, el whisky = whiskey el (whiskey) escocés = scotch [lit. “Scottish (whiskey)”]
la limonada = lemonade
el zumo = juice [Spain] el jugo = juice [Latin America, usually]*
la pulpa = pulp sin pulpa = no pulp
el hielo = ice con hielo = with ice sin hielo = without ice sobre hielo = on ice / over ice / “on the rocks”
mezclado/a = mixed
*el jugo is used sometimes in Spain, often with “meat juices” and jugoso/a is still “juicy” in many countries, but it’s more common in Spain for fruit juices to be zumo... whether it’s zumo de naranja “orange juice” or zumo de manzana “apple juice” etc
Some common drinks to know: la sangría is “sangria” [lit. “bloodletting” related to la sangre “blood”] which is wine with fruit. Since sangria can be kind of touristy, some places tend to have tinto de verano “summer red wine” which is often cheap red wine and some kind of fruit soda like sparkling lemonade or orange soda. Another common one is la clara which is beer and sparkling lemonade [I think close to a “shandy” in English though lord knows I rarely call it that]
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Meals [Las Comidas]
el aperitivo = appetizer
las tapas = tapas, appetizers [typically more of a Spain thing]
el plato fuerte = main dish, entree [lit. “strong dish”] el plato principal = main dish, entree
la ensalada = salad
la sopa = soup
el caldo = broth
el estofado = stew
el desayuno = breakfast [standard, but also sometimes regional where desayuno might be very early or more sweet]
la comida = lunch / meal [in general] el almuerzo = lunch [US/UK; for most other places it’s a midmorning meal]
la merienda = snack / teatime, high tea
la cena = dinner
el postre = dessert
la comida ligera = light meal
la comida basura = junk food
There’s so much to say about eating schedules in Spanish vs English but really your experience will be different depending on if the country has a siesta culture. Just know many of the words can be HIGHLY regional
In most Spanish-speaking countries la comida is “lunch” [lit. “food”]; but in the US we typically say el almuerzo as a meal that happens at noon. Depending on where you are your entire eating schedule is different but in the US we have three meals - el desayuno, el almuerzo, la cena. Your exact meal schedule will depend on the country you’re in
¡Buen provecho! = Bon Appetit, “Dig In” [said before eating]
¡Salud! = Cheers! [lit. “health”, said before drinking during a toast] ¡Chin-chin! = Cheers! [a less formal toast, it’s literally the sound of glasses clinking together so it implies everyone sort of touches their glasses before drinking; chin-chin is often said with salud at these times so you’ll probably hear them both at the same time at an informal party/occasion]
la sobremesa = “dinner conversation” [a culture concept; la sobremesa literally is “above table” but it’s the word for talking and hanging out with friends and family over a meal, sort of like chitchat or conversation... it’s the act of growing closer “at the table”]
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School Subjects [Las Materias]
la escuela = school
la tarea = homework / task
la materia = school subject
las matemáticas (mate / las mates) = mathematics, math
el álgebra = algebra [technically feminine]
la geometría = geometry
el cálculo = calculus [or “calculations”, it can be used like “I did the math” or “I ran the numbers”... that’s cálculo too]
la ciencia = science
la biología = biology
la química = chemistry
la física = physics
la informática = computer sciences, IT
la historia = history
la geografía = geography
los estudios sociales = social studies
las bellas artes = fine arts [arte is typically masculine, but in certain contexts it’s feminine - usually for las bellas artes or las artes marciales “martial arts”]
la literatura = literature
la escritura = writing / creative writing la narrativa = writing / creative writing [la narrativa means “narrative” but also could mean “storycraft”, as in one’s ability to write/tell a story]
el arte = art
la música = music
el drama = drama, theater [masculine] el teatro = theater (place and a subject)
el idioma = language [masculine] la lengua = language [lit. “tongue”]
la lengua y literatura = language arts [lit. “language and literature”] las artes del lenguaje = language arts
la poesía = poetry
la comunicación = communication
la traducción = translation
la psicología = psychology [sometimes it’s written as sicología without the P; they’re both correct, but psicología is more common]
la sociología = sociology
la medicina = medicine
el Derecho = Law [often capitalized; by itself el derecho means “a right”]
la contabilidad = accounting
la enseñanza = teaching
la educación físicia = physical education, PE / gym
la gimnasia = gym [it also is “gymnastics”, or basic “physical exercise”]
el deporte / los deportes = sport / sports
el atletismo = track and field / athletics [sometimes “track and field” is (la) pista y (el) campo but pista y campo might also be el atletismo]
(el) tiro al blanco = archery / darts [lit. “the act of shooting at the target”, but el tiro “shooting” can also refer to guns as well]
la esgrima = fencing
la natación = swimming [the noun, not the verb]
Many sports-related things are influenced by Greek traditions - la gimnasia as “gym” or “physical exercise” or “gymnastics” literally means “things pertaining to the gymnasium” which is where people would work out or play certain sports or exercise. And similarly el atletismo means “track and field” because it referred to the kind of sports professional athletes practiced in Greece or practiced for the Olympics... specifically the ones that used to be done outside, such as el maratón “marathon”, running, etc. Obviously we don’t have the discus or horseracing in most schools, but the Greek influence is there. And because el atleta means “athlete”, el atlestismo also refers to “athletics” in general
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