#mgu

[kuwupikaa]

#havent seen utena but I do know she turns into a car so. #also I didnt know what the car looked like?? thought it would just be a pink car?? #uchoten kazoku #magical girl utena #mgu #my post

[sicluceatlux]

Lux Aeterna

Ботанический сад МГУ. Москва`2022

#my photography #photography #myself #my life #my face #m #moscow #russia #mgu #university #summer 22 #green tree island

[collegesearch]

#mes #mgu #top tamil nadu colleges

[2cake]

moreike x chuki yuri

#oc #oc art #ores mgu #moreike- #chuki- #moreuki

[eirianerisdar]

Hey Hi Hello!

I’m a big Icarus lover and also the other f1 wing au guy around and I was wondering if you’d be down with me making fanart of your fic. Your wing ideas are so banger.

AKLDJG:KDSLJFLKSDJFLSKDJHFLSFL YES. I would be. You know. Happy with that. *looks into distance screeching*

(No seriously I think i would go insane if you did that please do I'm eternally grateful. I've been blown away by the support Icarus has gotten)

I've just seen your recent post about your own wing AU! It's so delightful seeing the variation in choices between our AUs for wing choice (yours is jetpack wing mod, very cool, so the different wing choices make a lot of sense in relation to how it would affect race in flight).

One thing I love is that we both separately just looked at Carlos and was like yes. This man has Spanish Imperial Eagle wings because HUGE WINGS. MASSIVE. HERITAGE AND POWER. Steely but soft.

(Also violet-backed starling is so Lewis. I chose bird of paradise for him for other reasons that will later become apparent in Icarus but the sheer visual of jetpack racing starling wings and Lewis. *chef's kiss*)

#replies #f1 #icarus #f1 fanfic #f1 wing au #no seriously if you drew fanart for icarus I would Expire like Daniel's MGU-K in 2018 monaco #my post

[slow-button-off]

How does an F1 Power Unit work?

In light of the new PU regs here's a little overview on how the current ([technically 2014]2022-2026) PU's work and which part does what.

Power Unit parts

The current PU's are made up of multiple parts:

Internal combustions engine -> ICE

Motor generator unit - heat -> MGU-H

Motor generator unit - kinetic -> MGU-K

Turbo charger -> turbo/ TC

Control electronics -> CE

Energy storage -> ES

little extra is the Gearbox but it doesn't actually count to the PU

There are some different ways in which the 4 engine manufacturers can and do combine these parts. So each engine manufacturer makes a different looking engine.

Internal combustion engine

The ICE is the "classic" engine. And in this era of regs it is a four stroke V6 engine.

The 6 stands for the number of cylinders and the V is the shape in which these cylinders are mounted. Other cylinder layouts are all the cylinders in one line, or flat/horizontal. But F1 uses the V.

The ICE internally combusts the fuel as follows:

Four stroke and the cylinders

This GIF shows the four strokes of the piston.

In the 1st phase the fuel and air mixture is injected into the chamber and then the valve closes.

The piston compresses the fuel and it either combusts itself (Petrol, in F1) or it is ignited by the spark plug (Diesel, not in F1). This causes a really tiny explosion.

The tiny explosion generates hot gas that wants to expand and pushes the piston down. This turns the crankshaft.

The outlet valve opens and the crankshaft keeps moving the piston up which pushes the exhaust gases out of the chamber.

These four phases keep repeating.

The crankshaft is both moved by the piston and keeps moving the piston too.

This is GIF of a V4 engine, the F1 V6 just has an extra cylinder on each side of the V. It shows how the cylinders interact. They are in complimentary phases so that the combustion in 2/3 of the cylinders not only rotate the crankshaft so that the car itself moves but also moves the piston in the 1st and 2nd phase of the other cylinders.

This means that the crankshaft is constantly being rotated. This movement is then via the gearbox and so on transferred onto the rear tyres and powers the cars.

RPMs or rotations per minute indicate how often the crankshaft is rotated per minute. And if you step on the throttle then the motion of the pistons just happens faster and faster.

Gearbox

The gearbox isn't actually part of the PU but it is adjacent and I think it's important to talk about for all of this to make sense.

The gearbox also varies from manufactuer to manufacturer but the are all 8-speed semi-automatic sequential units.

8 speed just means 8 gears. Semi-automatic sequential is a little bit more complicated to explain.

While the F1 cars have a clutch the drivers only use the clutch at the start or when they stop the car fully. They don't need to pull the clutch paddle to shift gears which makes the gearbox automatic.

The semi in semi-automatic means that while the clutch is automatic the shifting of gears itself is still manual. And the drivers do this with the two paddles on the steering wheel.

Sequential means that that shifting the gears is only possible in sequence. So no shifting from 1st to 3rd, but the drivers have to shift through all gears to get to the 8th gear and the same going down gears. Hence the sometimes frantic paddle usage when braking into a turn.

But what does changing a gear actually do?

We're taking a little excursion to bicycles. A bike without gears (a fixie) means that your bike is going to be exactly as fast as you are pushing the peddles up and down. So if you want to go really fast you're legs also have to go really really fast.

Gears help changing the ratio of how many rotations you have to do with the pedal to make the wheel rotate. If you shift up a gear you need to move the paddles less to make the wheel do the same amount of rotations.

In cars gears do essentially the same thing. Shifting up a gear allows you to go the same speed at less rpms to for the same speed the crankshaft has to do less rotations per minute.

(I hope this makes sense because this is so hard to explain just with words)

But yeah the rotation of the crankshaft is transferred onto the wheels and the car goes vroom.

Turbo charger

Again, as with all the other parts above also the TC is implemented differently by different teams, some are running split TCs. This will only be a general overview of the principle.

The TC is a turbine that is propelled by the hot exhaust gases. As the gases are pushed out of the ICE they are pushed through the turbo and they rotate this turbine. The energy of the rotation of the turbine is then used to power a compressor.

This sounds a bit weird at first but lets think back to the ICE where we established that the fuel is injected into the cylinders in a fuel + air mixture. The turbo compresses exactly that air and this allows the ICE to run a lot more effectively which means more output for the same amount of fuel.

Turbo lag is a thing that happens because the turbo only really starts spinning and compressing air at higher speeds, because the exhaust gases need to leave the ICE with a certain amount of force and there needs to be a certain amount of gasses for the turbo to work.

So if you are accelerating out of a slower corner, the turbo isn't immediately active but only starts compressing the air and increasing ICE performance at a certain speed. But once it kicks in the car suddenly goes a lot faster.

We don't see turbo lag with the current engines and this is where the MGU-H comes in!

Motor generator unit - heat

This drawing is not mine it's scarbs

Now we have reached the hybrid system parts! The MGU-H is one of to PU parts that generates and deploys electric energy.

The MGU-H is probably the hardest PU part to develop and the most expensive. (that is part of the reason as to why it'll be gone in 2026)

The MGU-H sits between the compressor and the turbo. It generates electrical energy by magnets that are spun around when the MGU-H is filled by the hot exhaust gases. That energy is then stored. (The magnets generate energy via electromagnetic induction, but that would be too much to get into for this post)

It doesn't only harvest it can also deploy electrical energy and power the compressor and this is used when the exhaust gasses the ICE generates aren't enough to spin the TC turbine. Which means no turbo lag because the compressor is running whether the ICE is already running high enough or not.

Motor generator unit - kinetic

The second PU part that generates electrical energy is the MGU-K. And as it's name suggests it transforms kinetic energy into electric energy. But it also deploys energy.

Much like the MGU-H the MGU-K is also made up of magnets however this time it doesn't work with exhaust gasses but the crankshaft.

When a driver is accelerating, the MGU-K is using electrical energy to spin the magnets which in turn give the crankshaft an extra boost as an electrical motor. Therefore making the car go faster, but it can only be used as a boost here and there.

When the driver brakes the energy deployment stops, so no more electricity that spins the magnets instead the MGU-K stops being a motor and becomes a generator. The crankshaft is still moving when the driver brakes and that movement spins the magnets which generates electricity that is then stored and can be redeployed when accelerating.

The MGU-K actually also helps in slowing the car down a little bit.

Energy storage

The energy storage is quite literally a battery that stores the energy that the MGU-H and MGU-K generate.

Control electronics

The control electronics manage pretty much everything. They manage the PU parts, when electricity is deployed and harvested, the transmission, steering and so on.

But it also does the data logging of things like the telemetry data and all other data that is measured by the sensors on the cars and then send it to wherever the data has to go.

This is a spec part so all teams have to use the same part but they get to run their own software.

#f1 #a little excursion into engines #because I like them! #and they are cool #and my beloved MGU-H is going to disappear and I am sad #formula 1

[nightmarehunters]

Lost Boys family tree! :D

#lost boys (mgu) #roy lost boys #wally lost boys #kai lost boys #cloud lost boys #marc lost boys #dominic lost boys #family tree

[ecudepot]

BMW Media Graphics Unit MGU iDrive 7.0 repair adapter RH850 R7F7010553 MCU programming tools

https://ecudepot.com/product/mgu-repair-adapter/

#youtube #BMW MGU HU repair tools

[collegedetails]

Mahatma Gandhi University Meghalaya

Here is some important information about Mahatma Gandhi University Meghalaya. The University is highly regarded and established for its quality education provided in various undergraduate and postgraduate courses in various modes of education. The candidates can apply now with a hassle-free admission process. 

#Mahatma Gandhi University Meghalaya #Mahatma Gandhi University #MGU Meghalaya

[hematonaweb]

E…tem vídeo novo no Canal (link na bio) Já imaginou uma situação em que ocorre o aumento da produção de anticorpos? Deve ser bom? Nem sempre... Vamos detalhar essa situação conhecida como gamopatia monoclonal e que pode estar associada a alguns problemas sérios nesse vídeo. É certo que às vezes não sabemos o motivo, daí o nome Gamopatia Monoclonal de Significado Indeterminado (MGUS), porém outras vezes podemos estar diante de uma doença séria, como é o caso do Mieloma Múltiplo. Outras doenças do sangue, como os linfomas, podem também causar gamopatia monoclonal. Nesse vídeo conversamos um pouco sobre esse distúrbio hematológico que nem sempre é doença, mas que deve ser acompanhado e avaliado por especialista, no caso o hematologista. #gamopatia #gamopatiamonoclonal #mielomamultiplo #hematonaweb #hematologia #oncologia #ciencia #mgus (em Aracaju, Brazil) https://www.instagram.com/p/Ckl4tRpu0lD/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#gamopatia #gamopatiamonoclonal #mielomamultiplo #hematonaweb #hematologia #oncologia #ciencia #mgus

[f1]

#Power Unit 101 with PETRONAS: MGU-H #EXPLAINED! #f1 #formula 1

[ef-1]

Twitter is mad at Daniel again because they caught on to that CH interview about Daniel being offered the same contract as Max, icl I'm also bitter about it. I wish he wasn't so rash in 2018

It's easy to be bitter in hindsight but the reality is more nuanced, had it not been recorded and internationally broadcast, what happened to Daniel in 2018 would be flat out unbelievable by ANY standard lol. Daniel had mechanical issues in every. single. weekend in 2018 <- this is not a hyperbole or a joke (more on this later). He ran multiple races with a b spec engine -> 20 bhp down on Max. At no point in 2018 did Max run a lower engine power than Daniel. Daniel incurred 8 dnfs, 4 back of the grid starts for mechanical issues and 6 grid drops in total where as Max had *1*[one]. This isn't even accounting for failures in quali or free practice that would have compromised his set up or race prep. Daniel's car accounted for 92% of Red Bull failures in comparison to Max's 8%.

Christian's cunty "he ran from a fight" comment stung particularly hard because it was Christian who made MULTIPLE public apologies to Daniel in 2018 on the ground that he wasn't given a chance to compete. Christian would apologise to Daniel again when Max won in Mexico, even though Daniel had an uncharacteristic outburst in the media pen during that famous "The car is cursed. I can't wait to give it to Pierre" This isn't even diving into the dubious & predatory RB contract practices. At 28 years old, to quote Christian "It's the first time he's effectively a free agent."

You look back at it now and lament it as a bad call but even by Christian's admission Red Bull were on the verge of selling the team for 4 years. Honda was coming in, I know it's easy to praise Honda now but Honda single handedly sent Alonso into early retirement. He found working with them untenable + said it cost him his love for the sport. Those were the lingering images of Honda as they re-entered the sport, the team who electrocuted Alonso then bled his love for racing dry.

If you weren't around in 2018 let me give you a run down so horrific it looks like a joke:

Australia - Race: 3 Place grid penalty

Bahrain - Race: DNF - Battery Failure

China - Free Practice 3: Gear box issue with complete engine turbo failure. Misses FP3 entirely, no quali set up prepared. He would go on to win that race from p6

Baku - Race: DNF - Collision with Max. Racing incident.

Monaco - Race: partial MGU-K failure. He would go on to win that race with drastic loss of power.

Canada - Free Practice 2 - Power unit issue, misses majority of the session.

France - Race: front wing failure. (it disintegrated)

Austria - Race: DNF - Retires from p3 with MGU-k Failure

Britain - Quali: DRS failure. No DRS activation, still qualifies p6 behind Max in p5

Germany - Race: Back of grid start + DNF - Takes new engine for the weekend, starts p19 + has lower power spec A ICE approximately 20 BHP down on B spec that Max was running. Daniel climbed upto p5 from p19 but incurs a MGU-k failure and retires.

Hungary - Race: Daniel is forced to run lower power spec A ICE again, 20 BHP down on B spec that Max was running

Spa - Free Practice 1 + DNF: Daniel misses entire session with engine injector issue + Daniel would go on to retire after being driven into on lap 1.

Monza - Race: Back of grid start + DNF. Daniel takes another new engine for weekend (spec C) and incurs another full grid penalty, starts p19. Daniel would go on to climb to p6 before having clutch failure and retiring.

Singapore - Race + Quali + Free practice: During every session in Singapore Daniel has an unresolved spec C engine clipping issue that Red Bull can't fix.

Russia - Race + Free Practice 1 - Daniel misses FP1 due to mechanical issues. Daniel takes another engine penalty, starts p18

Japan - Race + Quali: Daniel incurs throttle actuator failure, misses quali, another back of grid start.

USA - Race: DNF - Battery Failure

Mexico - Race: DNF - clutch Bearing failure + start software clutch issue. Daniel retires the race from P2

Brazil - Race: Daniel takes a 5 Place grid penalty due to new turbo charger replacement. Starts in p11.

Abu Dhabi - Free Practice 3: Misses majority of FP3 with water leak.

Daniel's insanely vulnerable "if racing was the only thing making me happy this year, I would have been miserable" during the last on the sofa with Max was a v apt summary of 2018. To suggest that Daniel fucked up based on the information he had in 2018, namely Daniel undergoing all those problems + knowing RB was flirting with selling the team + Helmut's fuckery + having an out from the RB umbrella for the first time in his career? Your problem isn't with his decision making process, you just wish he was clairvoyant which is an unfair thing to be bitter about

#I think Daniel EARNED criticism for the way he left Renault NOT Redbull even if it went biblically bad #I think he deserves shit for Renault I really do. #I need you to understand that Im glad he's back with RB now but he also had no reason to stay in 2018 #His faith in the RB project was not rewarded. he spent his whole career at RB umbrella- #and in the last year of his contract his car collapsed. #anyway #one day I'll make that Renault post #f1 #daniel ricciardo

[2cake]

another magical girl oc ^_^ - moreike

she’s bffs(yuri) with chuki, 20

#oc #oc art #gonna draw them eventually!! #ores mgu #moreike-

[race-week]

Hi Al, can you explain the difference between KERS and any “overtake” options that the current cars have? I hear engineers tell drivers that they have “overtake available” sometimes which sounds so similar to the explanations I’ve read of KERS. I’m a newer fan so I never watched races when KERS was still a thing. Thanks!

Hi,

The two are really similar, ERS (what is used currently) is essentially an evolution of KERS.

ERS stands for Energy Recovery System, whilst KERS stood for Kinetic Energy Recovery System.

ERS uses the MGU-H and MGU-K (Motor Generator Unit Heat, and Motor Generator Unit Kinetic) so its kind of like KERS, recovering energy from the kinetic energy from braking but additionally having it also recovers heat energy from the exhaust.

This energy is stored (and this is also where it’s a bit smarter than KERS) and is deployed in certain areas of the circuit based on engine maps, which are modes dictating how the engine is used. The driver can still deploy the battery when they wish to for an additional boost, like how KERS used to work

So yeah, the two are very similar the current system is essentially an evolution on KERS and has a few more additional features.

#al’s asks

[flyonthewallmedstudent]

Q Fever

Aka, Query fever. What a weird name for a disease. Imagine telling people that's what you got.

in the 30s-40s, an Australian pathologist in QLD/Brisbane, came across an outbreak of the same or similar illness among abbatoir or slaughterhouse workers.

At the time, he called the disease "Q" fever or query as a temporary name until the pathogen could be identified. Unfortunately it stuck.

decades later, now nobel prize winner and virologist, MacFarlane Burnett isolated and identified the microbe responsible. I think this discovery contributed to his prize. i forget already.

Microbe responsible: Coxiella burnetti. Named for Burnett and HR Cox, the American bacteriologist who found the genus Coxiella where C burnetti falls under.

Initially they felt it was related to Rickettsia, responsible for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, but as science progressed, this was disproven.

Now for a Case Report

A 55 yo Italian man with a history of aortic valve replacement was diagnosed with pyrexia of unknown origin twice. Further signs included myalgias/splenomegaly/night sweats. The 2nd time he was admitted for PUO he deteriorated rather dramatically and was put on meropenem and teicoplanin.

A host of organisms was tested for on serological testing based on the man's travel and epidemiological history, all negative. Even a rheumatological panel was done, also less revealing. He also had a history of MGUS (a haem disoder), which is kind of a red herring here.

Cultures were negative, no vegetations were seen on a TTE - so they did consider IE. Which is an important differential for PUO.

Eventually a PET-CT was done (often favoured when investigations do not yield much for a sick patient with fevers), finally revealing a focus of infectious on his ascending aorta, where he'd also had previous surgery done. And in a round about way, they also further identified Coxiella Burnetti. He was treated doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine. As it's so rare in Italy, it wasn't really considered even though he mentioned rural travel.

Bottomline: Q Fever is an important consideration in the work up for culture negative IE. Further to this, always consider IE in the differentials for PUO particularly if they're at increased risk for IE (prosthetic valves, damaged valves, select congenital heart issues, previous IE). IE can present with night sweats, fevers, weight loss and splenomegaly. It can be insidious and chronic in nature. other risk factors can be more suggestive as we'll get into below.

Causative organism

Coxiella burnetti, it's a zoonoses - i.e. transmissible from animals. Special powers: very tough/hardy, can survive extreme environments (high temps and UV light etc.) over prolonged periods and is resistant to many common disinfectants/surface cleaners.

It's an intracellular pathogen and gram negative coccobacilli (PINK!)

name coccobaccili reminds me of cocopuffs.

it's mainly associated with farm animals, which the CDC so wholesomely displays on its website on Q fever (wtf).

goats, sheep, cattle typically (but many other animals, even birds, dogs and horses can be reservoirs)

in particular bodily fluids - amniotic fluid, placenta, faeces/urine, milk etc.

you can get it through unpasteurized milk and through inhaling it if it lands on dust in the area

ever visit a farm or petting zoo lately? OMG WASH YOU HANDS.

That said, it's typically inhaled in inorganic dust. You inhale it, it goes to the lungs, and then the bloodstream.

Increased risk for Coxiella burnetti (What to take on history of exposures and when to strongly consider it)

live on a farm or near one

exposure to a farm

work as a vet on a farm

farm worker, dairy workers, researchers on these animals/facilities

slaughterhouse/abbatoir

Also from CDC:

Clinical presentation

Most won't get sick after exposure and remain asymptomatic, a very small minority does. even though it is highly infectious.

incubation time is 2-3 weeks (consider this time in your history of exposure, did they work on the farm 2-3 weeks ago as opposed to yesterday).

Nonspecific acute infectious symptoms:

nonspecific systemic fevers/malaise/arthralgias/myalgias--> key is high fevers though and can be associated with headache and photophobia.

non specific GI - N/V/diarrhoea

respiratory ones - SOB or cough, consider it as atypical cause of community acquired pneumonia.

rare: hepatitis and jaundice (granulomatous) or encephalitis with neurological complications such as demyelinating disease or CN palsies, also haemolytic anaemia and HLH (yikes)

really it's the history of exposure that will lead you down the garden path to Q fever.

Chronic Q fever is perhaps worse, and can present as culture negative IE/PUO. Months/years later, as B symptoms as above above + LOW/LOA, night sweats. More likely to occur if you are predisposed for IE as above, have a weakened immune system for any reason, including pregnancy.

Chronic Q fever has a mortality of 10% if left untreated. About <5% of those with acute Q fever develop this if left untreated. Speculation is that it's more of an autoimmune process or abnormal immunological response to the bacteria.

To be honest, most who walk in the door with community acquired pneumonia get treated empirically for atypicals anyway, (standard course of doxycycline), so we hardly really ponder the question of Q fever in every patient. But if they present chronically and did not have atypical cover at the onset of acute symptoms, then it's something important to consider.

Other important conditions - can cause complications in pregnant women and 20% will get post Q fever syndrome. like chronic fatigue.

investigations

Serology! nice and easy. Look for IgG antibodies in the chronic presentation. Or PCR. Down side to serology - can take 2-3 days for the body to make said antibodies to the bacteria for detection. PCR can be done on any fluids/tissue sent.

Cultures useless, hence it fall under the umbrella of culture negative (hard to grow outside a host cell, it is an obligate intracellular pathogen).

Other hints on bloods (as serology/PCR takes time to return) - elevated or low platelet's, transaminitis with normal bili, opacities in CXR with hilar lymphadenopathy, CSF will show raised protein levels if done when encephalitis is suspected.

imaging can also support the diagnosis.. as illustrated by the case report.

Treatment

Acute disease - as standard for atypical bugs, doxycycline 100 mg BD for 14 days. Alternatives - TMP SMX or Clarithromycin.

Chronic Q fever or IE:

native valves: doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine (200 TDS) for 18 months

prosthetic: same but 24 months

why hydroxy: enhances the action of doxycycline (increases the pH of the phagolysosome)

Follow-up: look for 4 fold decrease in IGG

Sources:

CDC

Stat Pearls

Wiki as linked above

#australian history #medblr #medblrs #infectious disease #infectious diseases #q fever #coxiella #coxiella burnetti

[sovietpostcards]

View of MGU (Moscow State University) at night, 1950s

#city lights #moscow #1950s #vintage cars #soviet #ussr #russia #history #photography #black and white