The fitter's fitter, an engineer of practical ideas that were to become standard practice throughout the world.
Where Henry Maudsley conceived the machine-tool to produce parts of sufficient quality and accuracy in the required quantity to meet demand, Whitworth continued.
He identified two elements absolutely crucial to precision workmanship - a true plane and power of measurement. Coining the statement "you can only make what you can measure".
At the same time he endeavored to improve the construction of machine tools, to this end he is credited with doing away with flimsy architectural designs and originating the box structure design found in lathe beds. Whitworth made machine tools which were of the quality and size required to make the mechanical components comprising the industrial machinery of the period. Hence a large portion of the machinery which embodied the industrial revolution in England had components made on Whitworth machine tools.
When exhibiting his latest development in measurement, Whitworth exclaimed the definition of comparative measurement and laid down the fundamentals of workshop metrology: "We have therefore in this mode of measurement all the accuracy we can desire; and we find in practice in the workshop that it is easier to work to the ten-thousandth of an inch from standards of end measure, than to the one-hundredth of an inch from the lines on a two-foot rule. In all cases of fitting, end measures of length should be used, instead of lines."
The following is a small outline of Whitworth's extraordinary calibre.
1821 - Around the age of 17, runs away from his uncle's cotton mill in Derbyshire. Finding work with Creighton & Co as a mechanic.
1825 - Begins working at Maudslay & Field in London as a bench fitter.
1827 - Innovates the 'three-plate method' for originating true surface plates through scraping by discovering the correct sequence of comparing and working the plates.
1841 - World's first screw thread standard: Whitworth proposes his thread standard in a paper to the Institute of Civil Engineers, 'Whitworth thread' was generally adopted in England by 1860.
1844 - Proposes adoption of decimal fractions in engineering workshop practice and is attributed with introducing the thou, being 0.001 of an inch.
1850 - At this time, Whitworth was the pre-eminent maker of machine tools due to his tools having sufficient size, strength and precision to meet the demands of industry. Thus introducing a standard of design only exceeded later in the 20th century.
1856 - Exhibits bench micrometer capable of discerning differences of one-millionth of an inch to the Institute of Mechanical Engineers in Glasgow, making the exclamation on metrology in the workshop stated above.
1868 - Founds the Whitworth Scholarships.
1870 - Develops fluid compressed steels for armament manufacture.
1874 - At the close of his career, Whitworth converts his Manchester business to a stock company and issues most of the shares to his workmen.
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