#last time it was medicine this time it was history and social commentary it seems.... i was like cool yeah sounds about right what now heh

[leaving-fragments]

i went to the doctor for a regular check-up and was casually served hard hitting truths like that apparently our generation is the most deprived of general life experiences since the post war generation... but did i ask

#my doctor is rlly nice he explained to me how mrna vaccines work (dumbed down a bit but still) the last time i was there #last time it was medicine this time it was history and social commentary it seems.... i was like cool yeah sounds about right what now heh #how am i supposed to respond to that :'') #emma talks

[thebibliosphere]

In case you’re wondering what it’s like to be in the ER right now for non Coronavirus symptoms, allow me to say on behalf of all the medical professionals in the US and indeed the entire world right now: STAY THE FUCK INSIDE AND ADHERE TO SOCIAL DISTANCING GUIDELINES AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE TO HELP FLATTEN THE CURVE AND REDUCE THE SPREAD OF INFECTION.

I experienced my first ever “thunder clap” (x) headache this morning, the pain was so intense it took away my ability to think. I couldn’t move, speak or even scream. It subsided in under 5 minutes, but those were the longest 5 minutes of my life, and I’ve had root canals done without anesthesia. I’ve fractured my spine, gotten up and carried on walking.

We called the nurse helpline only for them to say they’d call us back. They never did. ETD ended up driving me to the ER, where we debated going inside. The administrator told us we would need to separate, he couldn’t come any further than the red line marked on the floor. I was escorted through empty corridors toward a space that used to be inhabited by seating cubicles used for IV lines (can you tell I’ve been here a lot?), that had been turned into prefabricated rooms. The nurse leading me through the corridors had a walkie-talkie strapped to his front. He kept up a running commentary of where we were at all times. I asked him if it was because I might be contagious, and he told me frankly, yes.

I was asked several times if I had flu like symptoms, did I have a cough, did I have a fever. I told them I did not. They didn’t seem to know what to do with me. I was seen first by a junior doctor, who for reasons of importance later on, I need you to know looked like young John Mulaney 

“She doesn’t have flu symptoms, what should I do?” he whispered to the nurse from behind the plastic curtain separating me from the rest of the world. 

“Well what symptoms does she have?”

Stroke. Possibly. Or a brain bleed. It was possible, with my history of neck injury. My blood pressure certainly implied something was wrong. A senior doctor was called in, who re-performed the neurological testing, which was all fine. They continued to panic over my blood pressure, however, right up until I said “if you let me lie down I’m sure it will normalize.”

“Why?”

“We think I have POTS, I’m seeing Dr X at this hospital.”

“Why isn’t that in your medical file?”

“She doesn’t want to label me with a disability because of how she thinks it will negatively impact my outlook on life.”

“...as opposed to actually having POTS?!”

“Yes.”

Which was the first time I’ve ever actually heard a doctor say “What the fuck?” loudly and emphatically. In my head I nicknamed him Sassy Senior Doctor. It was evident he was standing on his last nerve and had stopped giving a shit about everything that wasn’t keeping people alive.

“What else is missing from your file?”

“Ehlers Danlos Syndrome and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome.”

“Oh my god why are those missing?!”

“Ehlers Danlos is a new diagnosis from outside [Network] and my files are pending release. MCAS was because the allergist at this hospital told me it’s a made up disease.”

“No it isn’t!”

“Tell that to the allergist.”

I was allowed to lie down and my blood pressure normalized. They concluded I was not having a stroke. 

It was during this conversation that junior doctor, Dr. Young Not John Mulaney, came back into the room, and the Nurse, not missing a beat said “looks like we’ve got a zebra*, not a horse in the hospital.”

They were all wearing masks, but Dr. Young Not John Mulaney’s facial expression was clear. Outside the plastic curtain, Sassy Senior Doctor made a sound something like what I imagine an owl being given the Heimlich maneuver would sound like. 

“We’re trying to figure out what to do with you.” Dr. YNJM said. “You’re the only patient in here not for respiratory problems.” 

I was once again asked if I had any flu like symptoms, or if anyone in my family had. “My husband’s had bronchitis for six weeks.”

“That’s too long to have bronchitis,” said the Sassy Senior Doctor. “What did they give him for it?”

“Prednisone.”

“Jesus H Christ. Is he staying home from work? What do you mean no? Is he an essential healthcare worker? No? Tell him to stay home. For his sake and yours. I don’t want to see you back in here with a collapsed lung...”

They consulted with a neurologist via tele-medicine, who said the excruciating burning sensation I described lancing through the side of my face, sounded like trigeminal neuralgia (x). “She needs to come see us. It might be TN, or it might be her neck pinched a nerve. EDS can be like that.”

“Can you take her right now?”

“Are you kidding?”

They could not take me right now. Apparently I will have to wait until we are not facing a global pandemic.

“Can you feel your hands?” Sassy Senior Doctor asked one more time. “Can you wiggle your toes? Can you grip my hands. Do you still not have any flu or flu like symptoms? No? Excellent, get the fuck out.”

The nurse assured me he meant it kindly, and I believed her. 

They prescribed me muscle relaxants I can’t take because of my EDS, but said it might help, in a pinch—no pun intended. 

“Stay home and stay safe” was the final parting advice I was given, and then they let the zebra out of the hospital.

---

*There is a common expression in the medical community: when you hear hoof beats, look for horses, not zebras, meaning that if a patient presents with X symptoms, they probably have the most likely diagnosis, which is Y. 

Unfortunately for chronic and genetic problems like Ehlers Danlos Syndrome, this means our health issues are often brushed off as mental health, life style choices, or sometimes maliciously as attention seeking. This has lead to the community adopting the Zebra as their mascot, because sometimes when you hear hoof beats, it’s worth looking for stripes.

#chronic health tag #I am fine #I am at home resting right now #got an ice pack wedged under my skull #going to try and nap #long post #wall of text #medical talk #dental #dental mention #injury mention

[ahb-writes]

Book Review: The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu

War comes and goes. Pedagogy brightens and dims. Economic prosperity rises and wanes. Racism, for whatever the reason, is burned into the skin. . .

As a twenty-something, Haidara traveled up and down the Niger river, meeting and speaking with thousands of villagers to negotiate from their hands ancient manuscripts that had been guarded by their families for hundreds of years. Ever the diplomat, he sought to reassure them of his capacity to value, restore, and preserve these texts.

On many occasions, the man traversed the desert, either by camel or on foot, languishing beneath the bold and blistering sun. His travel from his home in Mali to Burkina Faso, for example, included 12 hours travel on camel, plus another 19 hours on foot. Remarkably, villagers and heads of family buried their manuscripts in the sand, stored them in tin chests, or tossed them into rice bags and hid the bags in distant caves -- kept, always, from the hands of foreigners and colonists whom, intriguingly if not ironically, would have begrudged if not perverted the discovery of such knowledge among the "savages" of Africa. THE BAD-ASS LIBRARIANS OF TIMBUKTU is abundantly clear in that the new-old discovery of these manuscripts, and the enlightenment they beheld, is an overturning of centuries-old racism that has permeated the lives of the peoples of Africa. War comes and goes. Pedagogy brightens and dims. Economic prosperity rises and wanes. Racism, for whatever the reason, is burned into the skin. . . Hammer's book isn't simply a discussion of ancient texts; it is also a chronicle of the more contemporary threats these texts, and the free-exchange of knowledge in general, face in today's world. Religious radicals, kidnappers and gangsters, fundamentalists, disenfranchised militiamen, and indigenous rebel groups all populate North Africa to varying degrees. And to this end, Hammer provides exquisite and thorough description of how three ideological masters of Islamic austerity twist centuries of goodwill into their very own war against the perceived inadequacy of human practice in the land of their god. Abdelhamid Abou Zeid (cunning and ruthless), Mokhtar Belmokhtar (determined and hard-bitten), and Iyad Ag Gahli (skillfully diplomatic) converge upon Mali's isolated north with differing prospects in mind but eventually settle on the usurpation (and conversion) of the nation into an isolated state/caliphate under Seventh Century law.

This book constitutes necessary education for those who claim intellectual prescience on matters of geopolitical consequence.

The intersection of these three men and their group, Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, and the peaceful efforts of Haidara to collect and preserve the history of African intellectuals, is at once incidental as well as inevitable.

But as readers soon learn, there is always a brash divergence of cultural obligation wherever AQIM manifests its rifles and all-terrain vehicles. The group's seizure of Timbuktu and its many outlying village areas eventually forces Haidara and his cohorts into action to preserve North Africa's knowledge and history. How does one traffic 377,000 manuscripts out from under the nose of the region's most determined militants? Per Abdel Kader Haidara, very carefully. As such, THE BAD-ASS LIBRARIANS OF TIMBUKTU contains beautiful and treacherous passages of spy-novel-like intrigue in which Haidara's men smuggle ancient texts under the cover of darkness via canoe, camel, taxi cab, and more. The lengths through which these librarians and tenants of literature go to protect these texts may feel absurd, but the reality sinks in rather quickly: avoiding military checkpoints is the key to success, and risking escape from the calculated raids of demanding security figures is a life-or-death decision. This book constitutes necessary education for those who claim intellectual prescience on matters of geopolitical consequence. Some readers may feel lost by the fact-finding expeditions upon which the author constantly embarks, but rest assured, one cannot live for discovery without first pledging allegiance to the unknown. Hammer's descriptions of the reputed murderers lend astonishing perspective to otherwise typically faceless oppressors. Abou Zeid was short and bow-legged, and had bad posture, very dark skin, "a hawk-like face," and a badly fraying beard; he was extraordinarily violent, yet never raised his voice, and he always commanded his followers with a resilient, even temper. Belmokhtar was a hardened soldier who lost an eye in an explosives-training accident, thus sporting a fantastic scar, while "his mouth twisted from time to time into a ghost of a cold, almost wry smile" (p. 103).

THE BAD-ASS LIBRARIANS OF TIMBUKTU a deft negotiation of all that is grand, all that could be lost, and all that remains unsolved, regarding humanity’s trouble with humanity.

Ghali is an interesting case; having survived poverty, exile, and the brutality of conflict at every stage of life, the man turned away from a world of pastoral music, politics, and a reverence of the religiously moderate and toward the more deliberately fervent (and violent). Ghali was a large and imposing man who near-always ran from his problems. Hammer's descriptions of the African landscapes are raw and absolute. Highlights include his sighting the quartz-and-sandstone outcropping, Fatimah's Hand, as "three fingerlike pillars almost the color of human flesh, tilting slightly backward and extending two thousand feet from the desert floor toward the sky" (p. 43). Pink Dune, an 80-foot mountain of sand on the bank of the Niger, "it's face intricately scalloped by the constant wind" (p. 153), and whose exquisite view of the sunset permits even the most horrible men on the continent the boyish pleasure of sleeping close to the stars. On one side of the dune lie dozens of islets; on the other side, the near-infinite Sahara, "a flat ocher sea" blemished with tufts of yellowing grass. And Hammer's description of the Amettetaï Valley, the eventual last stand of Abou Zeid and his faction of AQIM, is brilliant: "low gray and black granite hills, eroded to rubble and pocked with caves," accent a dangerous and ambush-prone stretch of 25 miles that includes boulders, caves, crawl spaces, and "sandy ancient riverbeds" that flood during the two or three annual rainstorms (pp. 219–220). Quality journalism and a skilled attempt to document the preservation of reason against modern-day ideological primitiveness (and their barbarous underpinnings) make THE BAD-ASS LIBRARIANS OF TIMBUKTU a deft negotiation of all that is grand, all that could be lost, and all that remains unsolved, regarding humanity's trouble with humanity.

Book Reviews || ahb writes on Good Reads

#the badass librarians of timbuktu #book review #joshua hammer #writeblr #goodreads #5 of 5 stars #nonfiction #literary criticism #abdel kader haidara #africa #african literature #african history #al qaeda in the islamic maghreb #disenfranchised militiamen #smuggle ancient texts under the cover of darkness #fatimahs hand #hardened soldier #tenants of literature #subsaharan africa #manuscript preservation #abdelhamid abou zeid #mokhtar belmokhtar #iyad ag gahli

[brajeshupadhyay]

Minor League Baseball Season Is Canceled for the First Time

The announcement that 160 minor league baseball teams and tens of thousands of workers and players had long been expecting finally arrived Tuesday afternoon: the 2020 minor league baseball season will not happen.

It is the first time in the history of Minor League Baseball, which was founded in 1901, that a season has been canceled.

“These are unprecedented times for our country and our organization, as this is the first time in our history that we’ve had a summer without Minor League Baseball played,” Pat O’Conner, MiLB’s president and chief executive, said in a statement. “While this is a sad day for many, this announcement removes the uncertainty surrounding the 2020 season and allows our teams to begin planning for an exciting 2021 season.”

Technically, the season’s fate was sealed when Major League Baseball informed MiLB that it would not be providing the players needed for the season because of the national emergency brought on by the coronavirus pandemic. The MiLB Board of Trustees met earlier on Tuesday to finalize what had been apparent for months.

Many of the roughly 8,000 minor league players — those who are not part of their affiliated M.L.B. team’s 60-man player pool for the 2020 season — will miss an entire year of their careers. Most M.L.B. teams have committed to paying their minor league players, many of whom earn less than $15,000 per season, $400 a week beyond June 30.

Playing a 2020 season was always a more daunting undertaking for MiLB than for M.L.B. Unlike M.L.B. franchises, minor league teams rely heavily on revenue from people in the stands — tickets, beer and hot dog sales and sponsorships tied to attendance.

Because they do not have widespread TV or streaming deals, it would not be feasible for MiLB to play games in empty stadiums, as M.L.B. plans to do beginning July 23. Another complicating factor: MiLB plays in smaller towns across the country and would have had to negotiate many more state and local reopening guidelines.

The MiLB season was originally scheduled to start on April 9 and end in August. Without any games, minor league teams were forced to reduce their workforces and seek federal and local aid. Some teams had been trying creative ways to bring in at least some cash by renting out their stadiums for overnight stays or selling ballpark food for takeout, but nothing could replace a 140-game schedule for a full-season team.

According to MiLB figures, minor league teams earned an average of $70,000 in gross revenue per home game, and $5.4 million per year. Most of that money went to operating expenses, including paying employees (each team averages 21 full-timers and 200 seasonal workers) and rent (teams pay a combined $65 million annually, the majority to local governments). M.L.B. teams paid for and provided the minor league players and coaches.

Without a season, several minor league owners feared some teams would fold permanently because they could not go 18 months without revenue — in effect giving M.L.B. the minor-league contraction it has sought since last fall.

Updated June 30, 2020

What are the symptoms of coronavirus?

Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days.

Is it harder to exercise while wearing a mask?

A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico.

I’ve heard about a treatment called dexamethasone. Does it work?

The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth.

What is pandemic paid leave?

The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave.

Does asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19 happen?

So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement.

What’s the risk of catching coronavirus from a surface?

Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks.

How does blood type influence coronavirus?

A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study.

How many people have lost their jobs due to coronavirus in the U.S.?

The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April.

How can I protect myself while flying?

If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.)

What should I do if I feel sick?

If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others.

With the operating agreement between M.L.B. and MiLB set to expire in September, M.L.B. had been seeking to eliminate at least 40 minor league affiliates as part of a larger restructuring the league has said it was pursuing to improve player development, cut down on unforgiving travel and upgrade rundown facilities in the minors. After initially fighting M.L.B.’s plan, MiLB’s resistance softened during the pandemic.

O’Conner told reporters on Tuesday evening that more than half of the minor league team owners could either be forced to sell their teams or go insolvent without outside financial help.

“This is the perfect storm,” he said. “There are many teams that are not liquid.”

The post Minor League Baseball Season Is Canceled for the First Time appeared first on Sansaar Times.

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[bluewatsons]

Fergus Shanahan & Eamonn N. Quigley, Medicine in the Age of Ulysses: James Joyce's portrait of life, medicine, and disease on a Dublin day a century ago, 49 Persp Biology & Med 276 (2006)

Abstract

Over time, contemporary writing becomes part of the historical record. In medicine, it is an important learning tool, particularly for understanding the experience and context of disease and illness.Although a century has elapsed since the fictional events on a single day described in James Joyce’s Ulysses, the work is still fresh with references and allusions to doctors, illnesses, and the human experience. Ulysses provides perspective on medical and social history and offers a biting commentary of continuing relevance to the doctor-patient relationship.

“It seems history is to blame.” — James Joyce (2000, p. 24)

THERE IS INCREASING ACCEPTANCE of the relevance of the arts and humanities to medical education.This includes the use of popular literature to illuminate aspects of the medical curriculum. For example, while the objective features of disease can readily be taught by traditional didactic methods, literature or the visual arts provide vivid examples of the experience of disease and may be a potent learning tool for the appreciation of illness and suffering (Baum 2002; Calman 1997). In addition, literature often uniquely provides an appreciation of the societal and historic context of disease. Historical perspective enriches the understanding of medicine, health, and disease, but reaching an appreciation of the socioeconomic context and its impact on health and welfare in any society is not simple. Historical details may be obscure, complex, or difficult to interpret. In this respect, contemporary literature can paint a more accessible, lasting picture of historical context.The novelist can cast light where others have failed and can provide a vivid account that may be lacking in an assemblage of historical facts.Witness the impact of Charles Dickens’s novels on our awareness of inequities of the class structure and the social conditions of the deprived in Britain during the industrial revolution.

One can cite numerous examples to illustrate how contemporary literature can enhance our understanding of disease (see McLellan 1996), but James Joyce’s Ulysses and its portrayal of the human experience deserves particularly close attention.The novel is replete with observations and commentaries on diseases and doctors that remain relevant to medicine today. Sadly, most doctors have never read and are unlikely to ever read what is regarded by some as the greatest novel of the 20th century and will not benefit from its insights into the human condition. Many have been deterred by the seeming complexity of the work and have left it to the preserve of academics.The following perspective, by non-Joyceans for non-Joyceans, is intended as an introduction to and an appreciation of the medical aspects of Ulysses.

Ulysses is an exultation of the ordinary, the commonplace. It is a story of life events of the everyman, on an otherwise insignificant day in Dublin, June 16, 1904. Joyce probed the heart of humanity and left an important portrait of society.

A century after the novel’s understated hero Leopold Bloom ambled along the streets of Dublin, the city has changed physically, culturally, and economically. No longer colonial, provincial, nor dominated by Catholicism, Dublin today is a cosmopolitan European capitol, ever passing a backward glance to the other side of the Atlantic. On the global stage, mankind has suffered two world wars and the Holocaust, and has witnessed scientific progress that has changed the way we live. But Joyce’s work is still fresh, contemporary, timeless. Such is the accuracy and intimacy of Joyce’s portrait of the city and its people on that day in 1904, that a reading of Ulysses allows one to glean details of many aspects of life at that time. Joyce’s work thus assumes a historical as well as a literary significance.

Joyce boasted that if his native city were destroyed, it could be reconstructed from what he had written. In fact, he was unconcerned with the physical description of his city, relying more on a subtle yet exquisitely precise portrait of its people, their lives, their language, and their thinking. A measure of Joyce’s accomplishment is that we can enjoy and analyze it from a diversity of perspectives. Much has been written of Joycean themes: life and death, father-son relationships, motherhood, religious oppression, parochialism, nationalism, and human sexuality. However, health, medicine, and disease are equally important aspects of the human experience, and here Joyce also succeeds. He is particularly observant of clinical details (Lyons 1973). For example, could there be a more memorable description of a bronchitic than that of Deasy in the Nestor episode, whose breathing is “hard” and “blowing” and from whose throat “a coughball of laughter leaped . . . dragging after it a rattling chain of phlegm” (Joyce 2000, p. 44). It is noteworthy that both Joyce and his father considered careers in medicine but dropped out of medical school, Joyce senior having studied medicine in Cork, and James in Dublin and Paris, failing to progress on both occasions because of a particular aversion to chemistry (Lyons 1997).

On Medics and Medical Students

Humor, satire, and irony sprinkled so generously across the episodes of Ulysses spare few institutions or professions, and certainly not medicine. Clinicians in danger of pretentiousness or of tending to take themselves too seriously would do well to listen to Joyce’s playful mockery. For example, there is Bloom’s comment on the Mater Misericordiae hospital, which is still one of Dublin’s largest teaching hospitals: “Big place. Ward for incurables there. Very encouraging” (Joyce 2000, p. 121). Later we hear: “Good idea a post-mortem for doctors. Find out what they imagine they know” (p. 141).

With three medical schools for a Dublin population of only 300,000 in 1904, it is not surprising that “medicals” feature prominently in Ulysses, and we can infer much from their behavior and dialogue. The taunt from the whores of Nighttown (Circe episode) might still fly today: “Trinity medicals. Fallopian tube. All prick and no pence” (p. 564). However, in contrast to Joyce’s day when medical students were almost exclusively male, the majority today are female (Farmer 2004). It was actually the year of Ulysses, 1904, when women were first granted entry to Trinity College, although female entry to other medical schools in Dublin had already begun (Parkes 2004).

From the opening scene of the novel, the “stately plump” medical student (Buck Mulligan) exhibits a familiar arrogance. Or is it just flamboyance? One of the doyens of clinical medicine has addressed the distinction between the arrogance of ignorance and the arrogance of expertise and has argued that some measure of authoritarianism, paternalism, and domination may be required for an effective doctor-patient relationship (Inglefinger 1980). Proust, well known to Joyce, had similar views, referring to “the brisk, decided, undisturbed and slightly brutal air of the busy surgeon” (Proust 1957). Regardless, Joyce, who often exhibited the monumental arrogance of genius himself (Ellmann 1982; Maddox 1988), lampooned such characteristics and affectations in the medical profession.

Mulligan was modeled on Joyce’s friend and sometime rival, Oliver St. John Gogarty, who later became not only an accomplished otorhinolaryngologist, but also a distinguished author (Clarke 1997; O’Connor 1981). He is portrayed as showing striking insensitivity in his comments about the death of Stephen Dedalus’ mother:“And what is death . . . your mother’s or yours or my own?You saw only your mother die. I see them pop off every day in the Mater and Richmond and cut into tripes in the dissecting room. It’s a beastly thing and nothing else. It simply doesn’t matter” (Joyce 2000, p. 8).

Gogarty would later devote an entire novel to the adventures and exploits of a Dublin medical student of the time and details events much reminiscent, if less impressively depicted, of those described by Joyce in the Oxen of the Sun episode (St. John Gogarty 1996). It may, therefore, be no mere coincidence that this section of Ulysses, located in the National Maternity hospital in Holles Street, centers on the drunken antics and verbal joustings of Mulligan and fellow medical students, as Leopold Bloom, the everyman and outsider, looks on. Bloom, reflecting, perhaps the gulf that can emerge between the insensitive physician and the distraught patient, is struck by the lack of sensitivity displayed by the medics concerning the case of Mrs. Mina Purefoy, who has been in labor for three full days: “never was none so hard as was this woman’s birth” (p. 504). He wonders how medical students can be so frivolous and later become respected practitioners:“that the mere acquisition of academic title should suffice to trans- form in a pinch of time these votaries of levity into exemplary practitioners of an art which most men anywise eminent have esteemed the noblest” (p. 534). Contemporary medical readers will recognize the irony of the location of this episode in an institution that would later pioneer the active management of labor (O’Driscoll, Jackson, and Gallagher 1969).

Joyce heaps more scorn on medical students through the words of Molly Bloom. She recalls during her soliloquy her unsuccessful attempts to flirtatiously attract the attention of a student:“not a notion of what I meant aren’t they thick never understand what you say even you’d want to print it up on a big poster for them . . . where does their great intelligence come in Id like to know grey matter they have it all up in their tail if you ask me” (p. 898).

Molly’s soliloquy also includes a telling perspective on doctor-patient communication, as she describes her consultation with a gynecologist, “that dry old stick Dr. Collins for women’s diseases on Pembroke Road” (p. 915). Not being well educated, she is unimpressed with his use of technical terms when dis- cussing her ailment: “where do those old fellows get all the words they have . . . with his shortsighted eyes on me cocked sideways I wouldn’t trust him too far to give me chloroform or God knows what else” (p. 916).We are told of the “gilt mirrors and carpets” (p. 915) in his consulting rooms and that Molly paid him one guinea.This was a very substantial sum of money in a city of grinding poverty and slums at the beginning of the last century, and it illustrates the privileged position medical specialists held in society (Barrington 1987; Farmer 2004; Mulhall 1999). One hundred years later a guinea would be about 120 eur, but its value in 1904 is better shown by what we learn during the course of Bloomsday. Mulligan tells us that the annual rent for the Martello tower was £12, although £8 was the actual rent paid (Gifford and Seidman 1988, p. 23); Stephen Dedalus’s monthly salary is only £3 pounds and 12 shillings (about three and a half guineas); a pint of milk cost two pennies; Bloom spends a penny on a tram fare, three pence for pork kidney, four pence for coffee and a bun; and plums are selling for eight a penny.

On Public Health

The average life expectancy in Dublin in 1904 was about 50 years (Ferriter 2004). Social conditions often consisted of single-room accommodation, large families (“Birth every year almost” [p. 191]), tenements (“rows of flimsy houses with gaping doors” [p. 561]), and unemployment. Children are usually victims of such urban squalor, and Joyce was sensitive to this.The sad sight of the tiny coffin of a child being brought to burial is described during the Hades episode: “Poor little thing,” Mr. Dedalus said. “It’s well out of it” (p. 120). Later, the med- ical students discuss infant mortality during their rowdy conversation at the maternity hospital. We are told that Mrs. Purefoy’s prolonged labor is of the “ninth chick to live” (p. 519), but she had three who died, and throughout the day Bloom and Molly reflect on their baby son Rudy who died 11 days after birth.The infant mortality rate in the early 1900s in Bloomstown was 125 to 150 per 1,000 of the estimated population under one year of age; by the end of the century it had fallen to 6 in 1,000 (Eastern Health Board 2000).

Infectious diseases, including those of childhood and early adulthood, are prominent in Ulysses. In the Hades episode, Bloom reflects on “Whooping cough. . . . Poor children! Doubles them up black and blue in convulsions” (Joyce 2000, p. 112), and Molly later in her soliloquy recalls “poor Nancy Blake died a month ago of acute pneumonia” (p. 899).Vaccination and antibiotics have since changed the clinical picture and natural history of these disorders. However, more important determinants of health include ignorance, poverty, and over- crowding, and Joyce gives us more than a glimpse of urban living conditions for children a century ago:“In a room lit by a candle stuck in a bottleneck a slut combs out the tatts from the hair of a scrofulous child” (p. 562). Dirt and squalor were everywhere:“fingernails reddened by the blood of squashed lice from the children’s shirts” (p. 10).

Another aspect of ghetto life is depicted at the beginning of the Circe episode by “a deafmute idiot with goggle eyes, his shapeless mouth dribbling, jerks past, shaken in Saint Vitus dance. A chain of children’s hands imprisons him” (p. 562). This pathetic scene illustrates primitive attitudes to handicapped children and is reminiscent of Christy Brown’s portrayal of cerebral palsy in working-class society in the same city only a generation ago (Brown 1955

The inadequate nutritional status of the populace (“stunted men and women”), particularly of children, is well portrayed in Ulysses and is in striking contrast to the diet enjoyed by the medicals and by Bloom. In the opening episode, Mulligan remarks to the old woman who delivers his breakfast milk:“If we could only live on good food like that, . . . we wouldn’t have the country full of rotten teeth and rotten guts. Living in a bogswamp, eating cheap food and the streets paved with dust, horsedung and consumptives’ spits” (p. 16). Later, in the Lestrygonians episode, Bloom remarks on the poverty of Dilly Dedalus: “Good Lord, that poor child’s dress is in flitters. Underfed she looks too. Potatoes and marge, marge and potatoes. . . . Undermines the constitution” (p. 191).The “bandy child asquat on the doorstep” (p. 562) in the Circe episode is probably suffering from rickets.

On Tuberculosis

Apart from “consumptives’ spits” in the streets, we are reminded several times during Bloomsday of the scourge posed by tuberculosis, variously referred to as “scrofula,”“phthisis,” and “consumption.”We hear of “consumptive girls with little sparrow’s breasts” (p. 131) and that JJ O’Molloy has tuberculosis “with sunken eyes, the blotches of phthisis” (p. 590):“Cleverest fellow at the junior bar he used to be. Decline poor chap.That hectic flush spells finis for a man.Touch and go with him” (p. 158). Bloom declares: “I stand for . . . tuberculosis . . . must now cease” (p. 610), and Molly even mentions in her soliloquy the fear of consumption during her first sexual encounter.

Tuberculosis was to touch Nora Barnacle Joyce (Molly) directly.As described in such vivid detail in Joyce’s short story The Dead, the central character, based on Nora Barnacle, still laments the death many years previously of her young lover Michael Furey, from what one assumes was tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis was particularly feared because most of its victims were young. It was responsible for about half of all deaths between the ages of 15 and 35, and in 1904 tuberculosis reached a peak in Ireland when it accounted for 16% of all deaths (Farmer 2004; Ferriter 2004). Many young Irish men and women were to continue to die from this disease until the 1950s; it would come to stigmatize and terrorize the country and its emigrants and assumed an almost apocalyptic status in the Ireland of the day. The long-term decline in tuberculosis that was evident in the neighboring British isle was delayed in Ireland (Jones 1999).At- tempts to control the epidemic were confounded not only by ignorance, poverty, malnutrition and poor housing, but also by politics (Barrington 1987; Breathnach and Moynihan 2004; Jones 1999).

On Matters Gastrointestinal

Joyce himself had many medical afflictions, including poor vision, which required multiple surgical operations, and chronic peptic ulcer disease, which led to his death from peritonitis following surgery for a perforated duodenal ulcer (Baron 1997; Carter 1996). While he seldom missed an opportunity to use his personal experience in his novels, there are few direct references to gastroenteric ailments in Ulysses. Bloom’s acquaintance Dr. O’Hare “so heavy in bowels ruthful” died of “belly crab” (p. 503), and “Tom Rochford spilt powder from a twisted paper into the water set before him.That cursed dyspepsia, he said before drinking. Breadsoda is very good, Davy Byrne said” (p. 228). Perhaps Joyce linked two of his own ailments (ocular and gastric) when in the Lotus Eaters episode Bloom’s thoughts include: “Eye focus bad for stomach nerves” (p. 96).

Amongst other things, Joyce structured Ulysses as an epic of the human body: in the Lestrygonians episode, gastrointestinal function is dominant, and the rhythm of the episode is that of peristalsis. Joyce reflects on food, hygiene, and diet, and gives us a rich display of gastrointestinal physiology, with deglutition, flatulence, and defecation all featuring during the day-long odyssey (“that slight constipation of yesterday quiet gone. Hope it’s not too big bring on piles again. No, just right. Costive one tablet of cascara sagrada” [p. 84]). And, of course, he leaves us with these marvellous lines in the Telemachus episode: “God, these bloody English. Bursting with money and indigestion. Because he comes from Oxford.You know . . .” (p. 2).

On Social Afflictions

Of the “pandemonium of ills” (p. 555) mentioned by name in Ulysses, Joyce was particularly interested in portraying the afflictions of society and disorders closely linked with lifestyle.Venereal disease, with which he did have personal experience, is the infectious disease alluded to the most in Ulysses (Baron 1997; Ellmann 1982). In the opening episode, Mulligan informs Stephen Dedalus of some barroom talk suggesting he (Stephen) has general paralysis of the insane. Bloom worries that his wife Molly might catch venereal disease from his nemesis Blazes Boylan. He also warns that Nighttown is “a regular death-trap for young fellows” (p. 706), but that evening he is accused of having “a hard chancre” (p. 599) by a whore when he visits that area of town. Some authors have claimed that syphilis is a major theme of Ulysses and enumerate possible references to syphilitic symptoms and signs in the text, many of which seem to be tenuous and have been contested (Hall and Waisbren 1980; Shen and Soldo 1981). However, colorful references are made to gonorrhoea in “some chap with a dose burning him” (p. 193), and to syphilis and its primary mode of therapy in 1904—“a dark mercurialised face” (p. 583). We hear of “an army rotten with venereal disease” (p. 88), and the Citizen, a prejudiced nationalist extremist, implies that the English rulers of the country were responsible for the venereal affliction in society. He mocks Bloom’s reference to colonial civilization with his retort: “Their syphilisation you mean” (p. 421).

On the Demon Drink

The deleterious effects of alcoholism (“the demon drink” [p. 460]) on society and on personal health are alluded to throughout the novel (Lyons 1991). Most of the 18 episodes involve alcohol consumption. More than any other Irish author, Joyce had a keen ear for the language and the intonation of the conversation of pubs (D. Norris, cited in McCrum, MacNeill, and Cran 1992, p. 200). Bars and pubs are an important part of Irish culture and social exchange. Perhaps the same is true of many modern societies, if one can judge from the increasing number of Irish pubs now in cities throughout the world.As Bloom sets out on his odyssey, he reflects on the number of pubs in Dublin: “good puzzle would be cross Dublin without passing a pub” (p. 69). Forty-six pubs are mentioned by name in Ulysses.

On Psychiatry

The bizarre hallucinatory madness portrayed in the Circe (Nighttown) episode has prompted some to question Joyce’s mental state. His literary technique and family history of psychiatric disorders have been used to support the notion that he was psychiatrically disturbed. “O rocks,” we say to this contrived argument, in the same way as Molly reacts to Bloom’s attempt to explain metempsychosis (“O Rocks.Tell us in plain words” [p. 77]). Joyce’s work is disciplined, witty, and highly structured. He had a restless, creative, lively mind—more the features of literary genius than madness (Kaplan 2002). Sadly, mental illness was to torment Joyce’s life through its occurrence in his beloved daughter Lucia.

Conclusion

Most of the great authors and thinkers have had something to say about doctors and illness. Joyce’s contribution in this respect is richer than most. “Bloomsday,” said Sean O’Faolain (1954) on its 50th anniversary, “is outside of history and therefore outside of Time.” History in the Joycean view is cyclical, an eternal recurrence (Kileen 2004), and it is described by Stephen Dedalus as “a nightmare from which I am trying to awake” (p. 42). After a century, the novel is still fresh with wit and wisdom. Clinicians who give some time to it will be rewarded.The work is teeming with reference and allusion to human experiences, smells, senses, emotions, secretions, bodily functions, disease, and death—but mostly life. Over the next century, will Joyceana still challenge clinicians to think about the human experience? Yes, we say yes, it will.Yes.

References

Baron, J. H. 1997. Illness and creativity: Byron’s appetites, James Joyce’s gut, and Melba’s meals and misalliances. BMJ 315:1697–1703.

Barrington, R. 1987. Health, medicine and politics in Ireland, 1900–1970. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, Ireland.

Baum, M. 2002.Teaching the humanities to medical students. Clin Med 2:246–49.

Breathnach, C. S., and J. B. Moynihan, 2004.Who killed Koch’s bacillus? The war of the worthies 1947–1952. Ir J Med Sci 173:166–71.

Brown, C. 1955. My left foot. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Calman, K. C. 1997. Literature in the education of the doctor. Lancet 350:1622–24.

Carter, R. 1996. James Joyce (1882–1941): Medical history, final illness, and death. World J Surg 20:720–24.

Clarke, R.W. 1997. Oliver St. John Gogarty. J Laryngol Otol 111:15–19.

Eastern Health Board. 2000. Public health in Dublin in the 1900s. Department of Public Health Report. In Public health at the turn of the century. Eastern Health Board, Dublin, Ireland. www.erha.ie/news/uploads/PubHealthAnRepord.pdf.

Ellmann, R. 1982. James Joyce, rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

Farmer, T. 2004. Patients, potions and physicians: A social history of medicine in Ireland. Dublin: A. & A. Farmer; Royal College of Physicians of Ireland.

Ferriter, D. 2004. The transformation of Ireland, 1900–2000. London: Profile Books.

Gifford, D., and R. J. Seidman. 1988. Ulysses annotated, 2nd ed. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Hall,V., and B.A. Waisbren. 1980. Syphilis as a major theme of James Joyce’s Ulysses. Arch Int Med 140:963–65.

Inglefinger, F. J. 1980. Arrogance. N Engl J Med 303:1507–11.

Jones, G. 1999. The campaign against tuberculosis in Ireland, 1899–1914. In Medicine, disease and the state of Ireland, 1650–1940, ed E. Malcolm and G. Jones, 158–76. Cork: Cork Univ. Press.

Joyce, J. 2000. Ulysses. London: Penguin.

Kaplan, R. 2002. Madness and James Joyce. Australas Psychiatry 10:172–76.

Kileen, T. 2004. Ulysses unbound: A reader’s compendium to James Joyce’s Ulysses. Bray, Ireland: Wordwell.

Lyons, J. B. 1973. James Joyce and medicine. Dublin: Dolmen Press.

Lyons, J. B. 1991. Portraits of alcoholism by James Joyce and Malcolm Lowry. In What did I die of? 212–26. Dublin: Lilliput Press.

Lyons, J. B. 1997. Picking up Galen: James Joyce in Cecelia Street. J Ir Coll Phys Surg 26: 215–18.

Maddox, B. 1988. Nora: The real life of Molly Bloom. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. McCrum, R., R. MacNeill, and W. Cran, eds. 1992. The story of English, rev. ed. London: Faber and Faber.

McLellan, M. F. 1996. Literature and medicine: Some major works. Lancet 348:1014–16.

Mulhall, D. 1999. A new day dawning: A portrait of Ireland in 1900. Cork: Collins Press.

O’Connor, U. 1981. Oliver St. John Gogarty. London: Granada.

O’Driscoll, K., R. J. Jackson, and J.T. Gallagher. 1969. Prevention of prolonged labour. BMJ 2 477-80.

O’Faolain, S. 1954. 50 years after Bloomsday. http://partners.nytimes.com/books/00/01/09/specials/joyce-bloomsday.html.

Parkes, S. M., ed. 2004. A danger to the men? A history of women in Trinity College Dublin, 1904–2004. Dublin: Lilliput Press.

Proust, M. 1957. Swann’s way, trans. C. K. S Moncrieff. New York: Penguin.

Shen W. W., and J. J. Soldo. 1981. Symbol hunting in James Joyce’s “syphilizations.” Arch Int Med 141:691–92.

St. John Gogarty, O. 1996. Tumbling in the hay. Dublin: O’Brien Press.

#medicine and society #illness #disease #literature #james joyce #ulysses #finnegan's wake #mental illness #tuberculosis #affliction #the medical profession

[lopezdorothy70-blog]

Study: Non-psychoactive CBD Oil Effective in Reducing Anxiety

by Paul Fassa Health Impact News

The legality of CBD (cannabidiol) oil has been a subject of confusion and misinformation. Simply put, CBD oil from industrial hemp is perfectly legal in all 50 states as long as it is sold as a supplement. In other words, it cannot claim to cure or remedy any ailment. 

The information on what CBD oil can do is spreading through many internet articles and sites that are easily accessible to the public. This can be a boon for many who suffer from various forms of anxiety but reside in states that do not permit medical marijuana use.

A 2011 Brazilian human study demonstrated efficacy without side effects for anxiety using CBD only. Prior to the human study, an animal (mouse) study demonstrate the same results.

Anxiety is an umbrella term that covers several variations of nervous system disorders involving situations that trigger often overwhelming fear, panic attacks, dread, depression. PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder) that many military veterans suffer from. 

A large segment of our society, over 25 percent, suffers from mild to debilitating aspects of anxiety. CBD's legality and access would be of great value to them as well as the almost 8 million PTSD sufferers.

This Human CBD for Anxiety Study 

This Brazilian CBD study seems to have been one of those phantom studies not picked up until the thriving cannabis internet media came upon it recently. It was published by the journal Neuropharmacology May 11, 2011. 

CBD (cannabidiol) is the second most abundant cannabinoid of over 100 cannabinoids discovered so-far in the cannabis sativa plant. The other most abundant is THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol sometimes differentiated as Delta 8 or 9), is the cannabinoid that creates psychotropic effects (the high and increased awareness) as well as offering several medicinal properties for many diseases and disorders. 

They split 24 people into two equal groups of people experiencing SAD (social anxiety disorder) who had not received any treatment yet. Social anxiety disorder is probably the most common variation of anxiety there is. 

The final 24 subjects were derived from screening applicants to ensure none had received any type of pharmacological treatment or psychological counseling for their SAD. Applicants with any type of chronic disease, including major psychiatric disorders, were excluded from the study as were those who had a history of drug abuse. 

None of the study participants smoked tobacco, and none had used marijuana more than five times in their life. None had used marijuana at all in the last year. 

A public speaking event was rigged, which normally SAD people will shun completely or fall apart in their attempts at delivering. Twelve were given placebo capsules (control group), and the other 12 were given capsules containing 600 milligrams (mg) of 99.9 (or thereabouts) percent pure CBD (cannabidiol). 

The 600 mg amount is considered the maximum dosage needed for anxiety according to prior testing that relied on physiological monitoring without the challenge of public speaking. Both placebo and CBD doses were given an hour before each subject's speech. 

In addition to observations of each speaker, each without knowing which pill was taken, testing performed on both placebo and treatment subjects with the following conclusions:

Pretreatment with CBD significantly reduced anxiety, cognitive impairment and discomfort in their speech performance, and significantly decreased alert in their anticipatory speech. The placebo group presented higher anxiety, cognitive impairment, discomfort, and alert levels when compared with the control group as assessed [by various measurements and tests available in the study's full text.]

Therefore, the effects of a single dose of CBD, observed in this study in the face of one of the main SAD's phobic stimuli [public speaking], is a promising indication of a rapid onset of therapeutic effect in patients with SAD. (Source)

The researchers cited other studies including animal studies and studies that involved testing and instrument monitoring studies without a dramatic phobic stimulus such as public speaking. They also discussed how some SAD victims often “self-medicate” with whole plant cannabis containing THC and experience an intensified anxiety event or paranoia. 

The purpose of this study was to prove if CDC without THC was sufficient to offer anxiety relief in challenging situations, the prospect of a possible paranoia event would be avoided.  THC can occasionally cause anxiety or paranoia among even non-SAD folks, especially those who are new to using marijuana medically or otherwise. 

After pointing out the pharmaceutical medications for anxiety with little benefit and several adverse side effects, the study authors stated: 

CBD has important advantages in comparison with the currently available pharmacological agents for the treatment of SAD, such as an early onset of action and lack of important side effects both with acute and chronic administration to healthy subjects 

Thus, because of the absence of psychoactive or cognitive effects, to its safety and tolerability profiles, and to its broad pharmacological spectrum, CBD is possibly the cannabinoid that is most likely to have initial findings in anxiety translated into clinical practice.

Commentary on CBD

The CBD this study used was not synthetic. But the 99.9 percent “pure” label used by the researchers indicates their CBD produced from natural hemp was probably an isolate. 

A quick search on the researchers' CBD sources located in Britain and Germany satisfied any concerns of whether the CBD was synthetic or extracted from natural sources. Both companies deal in herbal products.  

It's argued by some that isolates lack an entourage effect, a synergistic effect from combinations of other cannabinoids and terpenes contained in full spectrum or whole plant hemp. Thus these isolates may not satisfy everyone's needs at all times.

However, a CBD internet site offers the following explanation:

With CBD isolates, you receive the sole benefits of CBD. In comparison, whole plant hemp extract provides the synergistic benefits of the whole hemp plant.

Whether you choose CBD isolate or whole plant hemp extract is dependent upon your health goals. Both have proven benefit in certain instances. (Source)

Industrial hemp differs from cannabis plants cultivated for use as marijuana. Industrial hemp is cultivated for its fiber for several applications, so it grows stronger and higher outdoors with short growing times. 

Marijuana with various levels of THC and all or most of the other cannabinoids are various hybrid strains usually grown indoors with appropriately controlled environments. Instead of hemp's tall strong stalks, marijuana plants are more like bushes that aren't as tall, thus less durable than hemp stalks.

There is the argument that CBD extracted from cannabis as marijuana, cultivated with varying levels of low THC, has a stronger medical effect than CBD extracted from industrial hemp.

One of those was “Charlotte's Web,” which was the subject of positive coverage from mainstream media. 

See:

CBD Oil Without the “High” – Medical Marijuana's New Healing Force the FDA Wants to Restrict

But those containing THC higher than industrial hemp's almost unnoticeable legal trace amount limit – 0.3 percent (less than half of one percent) of THC is allowed everywhere in the United States and elsewhere.

If you live in a state that allows medical marijuana, you're free to purchase those CBD compounds that are from marijuana plants. 

Those strains contain from one to over ten percent of THC by dry weight.

Outside those states, you can still have actual CBD oil or tinctures extracted from industrial hemp, which by law cannot contain more than 0.3 (point 3) percent THC.  

It offers several healing properties beyond most pharmaceutical drugs normally prescribed for many conditions. The one caveat is to make sure the CBD comes from whole plant hemp, not just the seeds, for optimum results.

Some CBD products are from hemp seed oil, which is more nutritional than it is pharmacological. They lack the potency of full spectrum industrial hemp. It's more complicated than what you might think but worthy of research, if interested. You can start with the resources below the video.

Resources for more information:

Free Access Here to Full Text of Study Reviewed   

What is CBD Hemp Oil? 

50 States: Is CBD Oil Legal to Purchase?

How Is Hemp CBD Oil Different From Marijuana CBD Oil? 

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[jansegers]

Simple English Word List

SIMPLE1540 : a simple English wikipedia word list based on the XML export of all articles related to the nine major groups: Everyday life, Geography, History, Knowledge, Language, Literature, People, Religion, and Science and retaining all word forms appearing 7 times or more in this corpus. The total number of words in this corpus is well over the 100.000 words. a A.D. ability able about above absence abstinence abstract academic academy accent accept access accord account across act action active activity actual actually ad add addition adherent adjective adult advance advice affect after again against age agnostic agnosticism ago agree agreement agriculture air alcohol all allow ally almost alone along alphabet also although always amateur amendment among amount an analysis ancient and angel animal annals anonymous another answer anthropomorphism any anyone anything aphasia appear apple apply approach archaeology architecture area argue argument around arrange art article artificial artist ask aspect associate association astronomy at atheism atheist atomic attack attempt attribute audience author authority available average avoid award away B.C. baby back background backpack bad bah balance band baptism base basic basis battle BCE be bear beautiful beauty because become bed bee before begin behavior behind being belief believe believing belong below best better between beyond bias biblical bibliography big billion biological biology birth bit black blind blood blue body book born both bottom boundary box boy brain branch bring brown buffalo build building bull burn business but by c. ca. calendar call can cancer canon capital caption car carbon card carry case cassette cat category cathedral catholic cause cell center central century cerebral certain change chapel chapter character chemical chemistry child china China choice choir choose chronicle church circumcise circumcision cite citizen city civil civilian civilization claim clan class classical cleanup clear clergy click climate close closer clothes clothing coast coauthor code codex cognitive col cold collection college colonization colony color column com come commentary commission common commonly communicate communication communion communist community companion company compare competition complete complex compose composer computer concept conception concern condition confuse confusion congregational connect connection conquer conquest consciousness consider consistent constitution construct construction contain contemporary content context continent continue contrary control convention conversation conversion convert cook cooking copy core correct could council country course court cover covered create creation credit crime critical criticism crop cross crust cultural culture current currently daily damage dark data date day dead death debt decadence decadent decide declaration decline deconstruction deep define definition deity demonstrate denomination department depth describe description design detail determinism developed development device devil diagnosis dialect dictionary die difference different difficult difficulty diphthong dipstick direct directly dirt disagree disambiguation disbelief discipline discover discovery discussion disease disorder distance distinct distinction distinguish distribution divide divine do doctor doctrine document dog don't door down Dr. dream drink drown druid due during dynasty each earlier early earth easier easily easy eat economic economics economy ed edge edit edition editor education effect eight either electric electricity electronic element elevation else emperor empire encyclopedia end energy engine engineering enlightenment enough enter entertainment environment environmental epic episode equal era error especially establish etc. etymology even event eventually ever every everyday everyone everything evidence evil evolution evolve exact exactly example except exchange exist existence expansion experience experiment expert explain explanation express expression external extinct face fact failure fair faith fall false family famous far fast father feature feel feeling female feudal few fiction field fight figure file find finding fire first fish fit five fix flow folk follow food for force foreign foreskin form formal former fortune fought foundation founded four fourth frame framework free freedom frequently friend from front fruit full function functional further future gas general generally generation genre geographer geographic geographical geography geology geometry germ get give glass global go god gold golden good government grammar great greatly green ground group grow growth guide guillotine hair half hall hand handbook handicap handle happen happens happiness happy hard have he head heading health hear heat heaven help hemisphere her here heritage hero high highly him himself his historian historical historiography history hold holy home homo hope hot hour house how however human hundred hunter hypothesis hysteresis I ice icon idea identify identity if illiteracy illiterate illusory image importance important impossible improve in inc. incense include increase indeed independence independent indigenous individual industrial industry influence information inquiry inside instead institute institution instrument instrumentation intellectual intelligence interlinear internal international internet interpretation into introduce introduction invent invention involve iron island issue it IT itself job join journal journalism judge just keep key kill kind king kingdom know knowledge la LA label lack lake lamp land landlocked landscape language large last late later law lead leader leap learn learned least leave legacy legal legend let letter level lexeme library life light lightning like likely limited line linguistic linguistics link liquid list literacy literary literature little liturgy live local location logic logical long longer look lord lore lose lot love low lower mac machine magazine magic magnetic magnum mail main mainly major make male mammal man mankind manuscript many map march March mark market mass material mathematical mathematics matter may May me mean meaning meant measure measurement meat median medical medicine medieval mediterranean medium meet member memory men mental mention mercury message metal method mid middle might migrate migration military millennium million mind minister minute misconception miss model modern modernism modernist moment money monologue monophthong month monument moon moral morality more morning most mostly mother mount mountain mouth move movement much museum music musical musicians must my myth mythology name narrative nation national nationality native natural naturalism naturally nature near nearly necessarily necessary need negative neither neologism network neurogenesis neuron neuroscience never new news newspaper next night nine no non none nor normal normally not note nothing noun novel now nuclear number object objective objectivity observation observe occupation occur ocean octane of off offer office official officially often oil old older on once one online only open opera opposite or oral orbit order org organization organize origin original originally orthography orthology other others our out outer outside over own oxygen p. pack pagan page paint palace paper paradigm parent parish park part participant particular particularly party pas pass past pasta pattern pay peace peer penguin penis people per percent percentage perception performance perhaps period peroxide persecution person personal personality perspective persuasion pet phenomenon philosopher philosophical philosophy phoneme phonetic phonetics photo phrase physic physical picture piece pilgrimage place plan planet plant plat plate play please poem poems poet poetry point pole police policy political politics polytheism polytheistic popular population position positive possession possible possibly post power powerful pp. practical practice praise pray prayer precise predict prediction prehistory present preserve press prevent priest primary principle print printing private probably problem process produce product production professional program project pronounce pronunciation proof property prophet propose prose proselytism protection protein provide province psychological psychology public publication publish publisher publishing punishment pure purpose put pyramid quantum question quickly quite quote race racial rack radiation radio rain range rate rather read reader real realism reality really reason receive recent recently reclamation recognize record recreation red ref refer reference referred reform reformation regard region reign rejection relate relation relationship relatively relativity reliable relic religion religious remain remember remove renaissance replace report republic request require research researcher resource respect response result resurrection retrieve return revelation revert review revision revival revolution rhetoric rich right rise ritual river rock role room royal rule ruled ruler run rural sacred sacrifice safe saga sage saint salad same sample satellite saw say schizophrenia scholar school science scientific scientist scope sea search second secondary section secular see seek seem selection self sense sent sentence separate sequence series service set seven several sexual shall shaman shape share she short should show shrine side sign significant silence similar simple simply since single situation six size skill skin slavery sleep slightly slow small smell smith snake so social society sociology soft soil solar soldier solid soliloquy some someone something sometimes song soon sortable sound source space speak speaker special specie specific speech speed spell spirit spiritual spirituality split sport spread square st. stage stain standard star start state statement station statistic statistical statue status stick still stone stop story strange strap strong structure struggle stub student study stutter style subject successful such sugar suggest sun sung sunlight superior superiority supernatural support suppose supreme sure surface survey surveyor sushi sustainability sustainable sweat symbol symbolic system table take talk tam tan task teach teacher teaching technique technology tectonics teeth tell temperature template temple ten term terminology territory tertiary test testament text textual than thank that the their theism them themselves then theology theoretical theory therapy there therefore thesaurus these they thick thing think third this those though thought thousand three through throughout thumb thus ticket tight time title to today together toilet tolerance toleration tongue too tool top topic total towards tower trade tradition traditional train translation transport travel treat treatment tree trench trial tribe tried trig true truth try turn twentieth twenty two type typical typically ultimate ultraviolet under understand understood union unit united universal universe university unknown unsortable until up upon upper urban urbanization usage use useful usually valley value van vandalism various vassal vegetable verb verbal verse version very video view violence virgin visit vitamin vocabulary voice vol. volume vowel vs. wale wall want war warm warmer wash waste water wave way we weak wealth wear weather web website weight well what when where whether which while white who whole whom whose why wide widely wild wilderness will window wisdom wise witch witchcraft with within without witness woman word work worker world worship would write writer writing wrong yam year yellow you young your

China, March and May made this list because china, march and may are on it and I didn't want to decide in favor of the common noun or the proper noun; all other proper nouns have been omitted (even the ten other months that met the criterium of appearing more then 6 times). #SimpleWikipedia #SimpleEnglish #wordlist #English #words #level1540 #Inli #nimi #selo1540

#SimpleWikipedia SimpleEnglish wordlist English words level1540 Inli nimi selo1540

[kwojciechowicz]

International Artists Residency

Review featured on the Gallery & Studio Website

Superb Results at the Third International Artists Residency

GALLERY & STUDIO

Recently, I had the pleasure of visiting ten artists participating in the “Third International Artists Residency” show at the Red Barn in Beacon, NY. The driving force behind this enterprise was visionary artist and teacher, Basha Maryanska, who brought together these exceptional individuals for two weeks in May to explore personal creativity through presentations , workshops and a group exhibit.

For the Residency, Maryanska chose artists from different backgrounds encompassing the worlds of among others, business and medicine. The program nurtured personal creative vocabularies through the artists’ immersions

in the art-making process, joining together an intimate, congenial group where the ultimate outcome was work both expressive and inventive.

A founder of River Winds Gallery, painter Virginia Donovan’s background was in mathematics and business. Late in her professional career, she began painting watercolors and added oils and acrylics to her portfolio. With her family’s long history in the Hudson Valley, Donovan drew upon her great love of the area in much of her subject matter. Painting spontaneously, she termed her latest pieces, “psychological abstractions,” where the works’ titles rose from feelings experienced in the process of lifting surface pigment with palette knife, where underlying impasto areas revealed what the artist termed “layers of oneself.” Most evident in her “Sonata in White # l” Donovan’s inherent sense of rigorous organization provided the unifying ground for lyrically brushed overlays.

Painter and crafts person, Helen Garcia, started to work with Maryanska last year and th is is her first time at the Residency. With a long background in the legal world, the freedom she found through her experiments with media under Maryanska’s tutelage brought Garcia new ideas and techniques.Most evident in her painting, “All That Jazz,” the suggestion by her teacher to paint over a previously completed work, allowing an additional color layer to peek through, heightened the piece’s dynamism and expanded the Garcia’s ability to visualize subject matter.

Sculptor Elisabeth Frischauf ’s understanding of human nature, a consequence of her practice as a psychiatrist, informed her mixed media mobiles of reused objects, and other prosaic found materials in a happy amalgam serving as commentary on the human condition. She painstakingly constructed her pieces over a period of months, subtly incorporating titles in the final results. One of her mobiles, drolly named, “Look What Fell Through My Fingers,” provided Frischauf a mischievous opportunity to scrawl verse on elongated plastic tendrils cascading from the sculpture’s base and mingling with its other hanging forms; what Frischauf termed, her “poetry in motion.” The intermixed words described elements in the piece and when read, added cohesive rhythm by making all the different parts move as one. For object choices, Frischauf employed such diverse materials as parts of circuit boards, painted signs, driftwood, chandelier crystals and miniature cars that she gleefully re-purposed as mobile parts, deeming her work celebratory of humanity’s interconnection on our small verdant planet.

With a professional life in medical research, water-colorist of happy florals, Neela Pushparaj, also participated in the Residency. Her past work, focused on realistic depictions of plants in brilliant natural regalia, became freer here, so that her unique ability to provide pleasure and healing to viewers through her botanical color choices, transferred to more abstract and expansive work. Maryanska encouraged her to experiment and Pushparaj felt she had an artistic breakthrough in her painting, “Enlightenment” rendering a Buddha figure in spontaneous abstract color passages while envisioning a lush primeval jungle as inspiration. Lifting color and using cutouts to delineate form, she expanded her technique by adding touches of opaque acrylic, enhancing luminosity.

Nick Shatford joined the Residency remotely from New Zealand through the showing of his video, “This Way to Monkey Heaven.” Drawing on memories of primordial forms from his time in the mountains of Spain, he referred subliminally to them in this video representing a “Generation X” young woman attempting to come to terms with the passage of her world from an analog to digitized one. Images were distorted before her eyes as she looked at both the past natural time, and the starkly contrasting new one of emerging man made technological preeminence. Shatford referenced Buddhism in the title, inferring that life is not experienced on a straight trajectory, but instead, moves like a Mobius strip where reality constantly reinvents itself. Shatford seems to say the young woman, seeing so much swift societal change will experience her life as a continuum of destruction and recreation, its latest iteration as our computerized modern world .

Kamila Wojciechowicz hailed from Australia and Poland and received extensive artistic training in Europe. Wojciechowicz’s work at the Residency primarily concerned the esoteric where she collaged mixed media subjects into shadow box mythological pieces that were almost small stage settings. Her work was meticulously detailed with strong drawing calling upon her knowledge of paintings by Bosch and Velasquez along with images reminiscent of medieval bestiaries. The artist hand drew her subjects, scanning them onto etching paper and applying antique tinting. Influenced by the philosopher Joseph Campbell, her work examined celestial signs and symbols from psychological and spiritual perspectives.

Ilona Wojciechowska’s paintings were not just results of her time at the Residency this year. Each piece, part of a continuing series, built upon the previous one. The artist experimented with technique and her forms, presently depictions of New York City skyscrapers, were painted with a hard edged minimalist cast, combined with fluid paint applications. Ilona incorporated the Golden Ratio in her compositions, divine geometry playing into the works’ foundations. Densely placed semi-abstract buildings were cloaked in warm and cool color choices, Ilona Wojciechowska’s reactions to the physical locations of them turning a dense urban metropolis into an airy, mesmerizing dream .

Karl Volk was born in Germany and came to the United States directly after World War II. Trained in the Bauhaus Method, one of his teachers in America was Mark Rothko whose influence showed in Volk’s handling of color. An accomplished watercolorist, Volk, a great fan of Kurt Schwitters, incorporated his expressionist cultural past in parts of his pieces, most evident in his mixed media painting, “Alternative Landscape,” an over-painted semi-abstract silkscreen suggesting a walkway in Poughkeepsie, where a subtle line, anchored the richly colored composition. In much of his work, the artist tied the reality of social issues to his aesthetics, while mixing the familiar with the unexpected. Currently, he is working on a piece paying homage to the honeybee where glitter applied to areas throughout, emphasizes the insect’s beauty, serving as a reminder of this creature's importance and vulnerability amid dangerous circumstances portending possible extinction.

Agnieszka Zak’s oils of richly ornamented scarves symbolizing multi culturalism, were also shown at the Residency. The intricate geometric patterns on the textiles contrasted with their monochromatic backgrounds, as flawlessly balanced compositions supported the painter’s passionate feelings about the importance of human diversity and cooperation among people of all nations. One of the most striking textiles, a shawl with orange elephants on a celestial blue field, adeptly rendered, underscored Zak’s deep commitment to her ideals.

The visionary force behind the success of these two weeks, Basha Maryanska, in addition to performing the role of mentor for these creative souls, displayed her remarkable talent as a painter in eight acrylics, where superbly manipulated pigment in push-pull brushwork of concentrated color demonstrated personal strength. Her dynamic paintings, emanating from conjured images, were beautifully enriched by her listening to music while painting. This was most evidentin her piece, “Allegro Moderato” inspired by Maurice Ravel’s string quartet, where Maryanska’s emotions poured out vividly in powerful strokes, expressionistic passages sharing the canvas with underlying formal structure, the contrast handled with ease.

Basha Maryanska, with her ardent belief in artistic inventiveness, once again, brought together a group of imaginative individuals who were able to realize work of intensity and scope in this teacher’s perceptive care. This third foray into in-depth study was a triumph for all, and I am confident success for these wonderful artists will continue in subsequent residencies, powered by this extraordinary human being.

—Anne Rudder GALLERY&STUDIO

3rd International Artists Residency Recently seen at The Red Barn–The River Center Long Dock Park of Beacon, NY 2017

[brajeshupadhyay]

The announcement that 160 minor league baseball teams and tens of thousands of workers and players had long been expecting finally arrived Tuesday afternoon: the 2020 minor league baseball season will not happen. It is the first time in the history of Minor League Baseball, which was founded in 1901, that a season has been canceled. “These are unprecedented times for our country and our organization, as this is the first time in our history that we’ve had a summer without Minor League Baseball played,” Pat O’Conner, MiLB’s president and chief executive, said in a statement. “While this is a sad day for many, this announcement removes the uncertainty surrounding the 2020 season and allows our teams to begin planning for an exciting 2021 season.” Technically, the season’s fate was sealed when Major League Baseball informed MiLB that it would not be providing the players needed for the season because of the national emergency brought on by the coronavirus pandemic. The MiLB Board of Trustees met earlier on Tuesday to finalize what had been apparent for months. Many of the roughly 8,000 minor league players — those who are not part of their affiliated M.L.B. team’s 60-man player pool for the 2020 season — will miss an entire year of their careers. Most M.L.B. teams have committed to paying their minor league players, many of whom earn less than $15,000 per season, $400 a week beyond June 30. Playing a 2020 season was always a more daunting undertaking for MiLB than for M.L.B. Unlike M.L.B. franchises, minor league teams rely heavily on revenue from people in the stands — tickets, beer and hot dog sales and sponsorships tied to attendance. Because they do not have widespread TV or streaming deals, it would not be feasible for MiLB to play games in empty stadiums, as M.L.B. plans to do beginning July 23. Another complicating factor: MiLB plays in smaller towns across the country and would have had to negotiate many more state and local reopening guidelines. The MiLB season was originally scheduled to start on April 9 and end in August. Without any games, minor league teams were forced to reduce their workforces and seek federal and local aid. Some teams had been trying creative ways to bring in at least some cash by renting out their stadiums for overnight stays or selling ballpark food for takeout, but nothing could replace a 140-game schedule for a full-season team. According to MiLB figures, minor league teams earned an average of $70,000 in gross revenue per home game, and $5.4 million per year. Most of that money went to operating expenses, including paying employees (each team averages 21 full-timers and 200 seasonal workers) and rent (teams pay a combined $65 million annually, the majority to local governments). M.L.B. teams paid for and provided the minor league players and coaches. Without a season, several minor league owners feared some teams would fold permanently because they could not go 18 months without revenue — in effect giving M.L.B. the minor-league contraction it has sought since last fall. Updated June 30, 2020 What are the symptoms of coronavirus? Common symptoms include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are less common. The C.D.C. has also added chills, muscle pain, sore throat, headache and a new loss of the sense of taste or smell as symptoms to look out for. Most people fall ill five to seven days after exposure, but symptoms may appear in as few as two days or as many as 14 days. Is it harder to exercise while wearing a mask? A commentary published this month on the website of the British Journal of Sports Medicine points out that covering your face during exercise “comes with issues of potential breathing restriction and discomfort” and requires “balancing benefits versus possible adverse events.” Masks do alter exercise, says Cedric X. Bryant, the president and chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise, a nonprofit organization that funds exercise research and certifies fitness professionals. “In my personal experience,” he says, “heart rates are higher at the same relative intensity when you wear a mask.” Some people also could experience lightheadedness during familiar workouts while masked, says Len Kravitz, a professor of exercise science at the University of New Mexico. I’ve heard about a treatment called dexamethasone. Does it work? The steroid, dexamethasone, is the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients, according to scientists in Britain. The drug appears to reduce inflammation caused by the immune system, protecting the tissues. In the study, dexamethasone reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth. What is pandemic paid leave? The coronavirus emergency relief package gives many American workers paid leave if they need to take time off because of the virus. It gives qualified workers two weeks of paid sick leave if they are ill, quarantined or seeking diagnosis or preventive care for coronavirus, or if they are caring for sick family members. It gives 12 weeks of paid leave to people caring for children whose schools are closed or whose child care provider is unavailable because of the coronavirus. It is the first time the United States has had widespread federally mandated paid leave, and includes people who don’t typically get such benefits, like part-time and gig economy workers. But the measure excludes at least half of private-sector workers, including those at the country’s largest employers, and gives small employers significant leeway to deny leave. Does asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19 happen? So far, the evidence seems to show it does. A widely cited paper published in April suggests that people are most infectious about two days before the onset of coronavirus symptoms and estimated that 44 percent of new infections were a result of transmission from people who were not yet showing symptoms. Recently, a top expert at the World Health Organization stated that transmission of the coronavirus by people who did not have symptoms was “very rare,” but she later walked back that statement. What’s the risk of catching coronavirus from a surface? Touching contaminated objects and then infecting ourselves with the germs is not typically how the virus spreads. But it can happen. A number of studies of flu, rhinovirus, coronavirus and other microbes have shown that respiratory illnesses, including the new coronavirus, can spread by touching contaminated surfaces, particularly in places like day care centers, offices and hospitals. But a long chain of events has to happen for the disease to spread that way. The best way to protect yourself from coronavirus — whether it’s surface transmission or close human contact — is still social distancing, washing your hands, not touching your face and wearing masks. How does blood type influence coronavirus? A study by European scientists is the first to document a strong statistical link between genetic variations and Covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus. Having Type A blood was linked to a 50 percent increase in the likelihood that a patient would need to get oxygen or to go on a ventilator, according to the new study. How many people have lost their jobs due to coronavirus in the U.S.? The unemployment rate fell to 13.3 percent in May, the Labor Department said on June 5, an unexpected improvement in the nation’s job market as hiring rebounded faster than economists expected. Economists had forecast the unemployment rate to increase to as much as 20 percent, after it hit 14.7 percent in April, which was the highest since the government began keeping official statistics after World War II. But the unemployment rate dipped instead, with employers adding 2.5 million jobs, after more than 20 million jobs were lost in April. How can I protect myself while flying? If air travel is unavoidable, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself. Most important: Wash your hands often, and stop touching your face. If possible, choose a window seat. A study from Emory University found that during flu season, the safest place to sit on a plane is by a window, as people sitting in window seats had less contact with potentially sick people. Disinfect hard surfaces. When you get to your seat and your hands are clean, use disinfecting wipes to clean the hard surfaces at your seat like the head and arm rest, the seatbelt buckle, the remote, screen, seat back pocket and the tray table. If the seat is hard and nonporous or leather or pleather, you can wipe that down, too. (Using wipes on upholstered seats could lead to a wet seat and spreading of germs rather than killing them.) What should I do if I feel sick? If you’ve been exposed to the coronavirus or think you have, and have a fever or symptoms like a cough or difficulty breathing, call a doctor. They should give you advice on whether you should be tested, how to get tested, and how to seek medical treatment without potentially infecting or exposing others. With the operating agreement between M.L.B. and MiLB set to expire in September, M.L.B. had been seeking to eliminate at least 40 minor league affiliates as part of a larger restructuring the league has said it was pursuing to improve player development, cut down on unforgiving travel and upgrade rundown facilities in the minors. After initially fighting M.L.B.’s plan, MiLB’s resistance softened during the pandemic. O’Conner told reporters on Tuesday evening that more than half of the minor league team owners could either be forced to sell their teams or go insolvent without outside financial help. “This is the perfect storm,” he said. “There are many teams that are not liquid.” The post Minor League Baseball Season Is Canceled for the First Time appeared first on Sansaar Times.

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