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#large eddy simulation
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iron-carnage · 1 month
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In general terms I'm all in favour of giving scientific theories descriptive names rather than the names of the person who proposed them. However, call me back when Large Eddy Simulations sounds better than
Smagorinsky model
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Oh, my Lord, talk about your colorful homes, you gotta see this one. (I mean, look at the front door, and they painted all the bricks blue.) It was built in 1991, but looks totally mid-century modern. Located in Pauma Valley, California, it has 3bds, 4ba, and is priced at $1.15M.
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The front door is purple on the inside. Love the colorful sputnik light.
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We have to remember that this home was built in the 90s, so it had to be custom-designed. Look at the size of this conversation pit.
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Wow, look at the orange beams and the simulated Lego column. How fun would it be to fill it w/colored plastic balls?
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It even has a living wall of ivy.
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Look at that- there are beams above the beams. Does that neon sign say "Steak Me Home Tonight?" Like the Eddie Money song, Take Me Home Tonight- corny.
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This is the living room, aside from the conversation pit. I like the fireplace.
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There's a nice bar back here. I would like it if the furnishings came with this house.
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The only color in the spacious kitchen is the center island and colorful dishes on the open shelving.
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This is a family room. Look at the texture on the fireplace.
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The primary bedroom has a purple carpet and a colorful mural. The bed's a little dull, though.
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Love this bath. Where did they find pink toilet paper roll wallpaper?
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Love the home office.
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The basement is finished, but it's just a blank slate.
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Large patio with a pool and a privacy wall on the side of the home.
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Looks like there's a greenhouse or conservatory.
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Behind the house is a 2-level patio and greenspace.
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Brick columns flank the entrance to the property via a long driveway.
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The home, surrounded by a wall, is on a .50 acre lot.
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bettyfrommars · 6 months
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Somna
a Nightmare Factory blurb
nightmare!eddie & Somna
@somnambulic-thing asked if they could have a job at The Nightmare Factory, and I was happy to oblige. I love these random blurbs with behind-the-scenes Eddie, and I hope to do more. We will see Somna again, in and around the workplace. My blog is 18+ but there aren't any warnings for this. wc: 671
“These things do not happen in dreams, my dear,' he said, vanishing up to his neck. 'They happen only in nightmares.' His head spiraled and he was gone.” - Marissa Meyer, Heartless
A nightmare expert named Somna was recently promoted to supervise set and clothing design after several others were demoted, and for good reason.  The nightmares as of late were suffering from physically inaccurate descriptives of attire, for example: people in the late 1700’s did not wear acid wash denim, and zombies did not drive cars.  A big part of the problem was that nightmare workers were encouraged by the last person in charge of the Simulation Machine to “bring their own clothes and props” and “wear whatever they wanted'. 
An artist in their own right, Somna recoiled at the restrictive laws set in stone by the Nightmare Guild, and preferred to help the nightmares move intuitively, being open to the specific talent of the performer while setting the scene.
After almost a decade of employment, they’d been with that particular wing of the Factory for only a few days when Eddie showed up, knocking on the open door of the prop room to get their attention before disarming them with a sheepish grin and a wave.  
They looked up from a miniaturized model of a town, complete with trees and buildings and tiny people, set on a large table in the middle of the space.  They regarded him with curious eyes, fixing the nametag on the lanyard that hung around their neck.  “Can I help you?”
Eddie was out of his work clothes now, back in his ripped black jeans and battle vest, he moved forward with a lightness about him, lifting up on the balls of his feet when he finally asked the question.  “Somna, right?” He gave them a finger gun, and Somna mirrored it, not entirely sure why.
“That’s me,” Somna looked him up and down, unable to place him at first, but then, reality dawned.  “Wait, aren’t you the one who learned how to bypass nightmare protocol? Almost gave Kevin a stroke?”
Eddie worked his jaw, eyes darting around the room, not sure if he should answer that.
“Your secret is safe with me,” they promised with a palm up as if to swear.  “I’d just love to know how you did it.”
“I was just, determined, I guess,” he answered, raking a ringed hand through his hair, fluffing out his bangs. “I did a lot of research, cashed in on a lot of favors. Names Eddie, by the way.”
Somna waited for a beat, taking in his disheveled, endearing appearance.  “Whoever you are doing this for, they must be very special.”
Eddie licked his lower lip, making cautious eye contact.  “They mean everything to me.”
“Well,” the set designer exhaled, touched by his sincerity and determination.  “I assume you need something from me?”
Eddie hadn’t expected this conversation to be so direct; he’d been ready to beat around the bush for weeks like he had with every other one of the higher up officials.
“I must tell you,” Somna crossed their arms over their chest. “I’ve been where you are before. I started out doing field work, and I fell for a Dreamer once.”
“Oh?” Eddie’s eyebrows raised and his curiosity piqued.  He took a few steps forward, still separated by the realistic model of the Nightmare Town in between the two of them, and searched their eyes, anxiously.  “What happened?”
Somna tried to smile, but then it broke and became something else; a hard lip line swallowed by a clearing of their throat.  “I gave up, I guess.  I just didn’t think it was possible to turn it into anything…real.”
Eddie lowered his eyes, unwilling to accept that as a reality for himself.  
“But, I will help you, if I can,” Somna offered, waiting until he raised his chocolate eyes; they were shining hopeful from under full lashes. “I’ll help you make up for the time that I’ve lost with the one I should be with.”
There was a bittersweet moment there where the two became instantly connected in a friendship of shared longing and sorrow, and Eddie would henceforth have a valuable ally for the rest of his time employed as your lovesick ghoul at the Nightmare Factory.  
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corruptthehumans · 6 months
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Welcome to my blog!
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Hello sexy people. How's your mama, how's your papa? welcome to the CorruptTheHumans blog! You can call me Bullet. Here, I mainly post Marvel fanfiction, and when I don't I'm usually shit posting. ( whether that be with hcs, imagines, or just random bullshit because I have Adhd and need to say what's on my mind ) You can find fun Moon Knight bullshit on here mostly. Most of my fics here are based off of songs by Nine Inch Nails. If you're a metalhead, or like Nine Inch Nails and Marvel/Moon Knight then my blog is for you!( My content is female friendly, and I am LGBT+ friendly but I don't write LGBT+ content. )
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My rules for this blog are simple; don't be an ass in my comments, or you'll get blocked and your comments will be deleted :)) And as always, minors dni with my posts!!!
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My requests are open! If you would like to request me a smutshot/fanfic of any mcu character, I am more than happy to take those requests!
Here are some things I will write about;
Genres; fluff, angst, x readers, dark fiction/romance, fantasy, comedy, action.
Topics; Bdsm, ships, ( depending on the ship ) public sex, sex with multiple people, filming, abuse, slight non con, un protected, protected, marriage, oral sex, digital sex ( not cyber sex ), sexting, infidelity, masterbation.
Here are some things I will not write about:
Topics; Mlm/wlw ( I'm sorry, but as a straight women I don't feel like I'm qualified to be writing mlm/mlm smut. People in the mlm/wlw community have expressed they're not comfortable with women/straight women writing mlm/wlw smut, so out of respect, I won't write mlm/wlw smut. ) inflation kink, foot fetish, large age gaps ( like a 19 year old reader with like.. hank pym. ) omega verse ( I know some people find it enjoyable and people are allowed to have their opinions, but it makes me uncomfortable I won't write about it. )
Characters I will write about:
Wanda, Vision, Bruce, Clint, Tony, Steve, Thor, Loki, Marc Spector, Steven Grant, Jake Lockley, Layla, Mobius, T'challa, Nebula, Drax, Peter Quill, Gamora, Agatha, Doctor Strange, Valkyrie, Bucky, Scott, Captain Marvel, President and Frost Giant Loki, Deadpool/Wade Wilson, Eddie Brock.
And anyone else I probably won't write about unless you request and I change my mind.
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Here is my masterlist, it will be updated with each pasting post I create!
( Each genre is represented with an emoji. 🔥 is for smut, 💫 is for head canons, and 🪄 is for fanfiction or multi chapter fics )
♡ Loki oneshots ♡
Pocket Pussy 🔥
Iniquitous 🔥
True Romance 🔥
All I Have 🔥
Just Go To Bed 🔥
Mirror On the Ceiling 🔥
☆Moon Knight oneshots ☆
Marc and Steven hitting it at the same time?🔥
The Moon Boys sleep texting you 💫
Marc Spector hcs 🔥💫
Break Away 🪄
Break Away / Again ( 2 ) 🪄
Every Inch of you 🔥
Marc as a father? 💫
Fast, deep and hard 🔥
More Marc hcs 🔥💫
Even more Marc hcs 🔥💫
Persuade 🔥
Clitoral simulation w/ Marc 🔥💫
The Two-Faced Savior ( 1 ) 🔥🪄
I hope you end up on sticking along with me as we embark on a wonderful adventure of... Fanfic. If you would like to stay tuned for future work of mine, please consider following me... or don't. It's your choice, my friend. Thanks for reading,and have a wonderful day or night! : D
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cosmica-galaxy · 1 year
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“Well, well, well...it seems we have a little bunch of trespassers! Didn’t you lot get the news? This part of the city belongs to US.” -- TA-DAH! Heeeeere come the Tricksters!! All grown up and ready for a bloodbath! Here’s some facts for them! ~ + They are coded as the ‘shape trio’ because each of their signs have a specific shape. One a triangle, another a circle, and the last a square. + Personal interactions are similar to Shenzi, Bonzai, and Ed from the Lion King. + Each Trickster takes after a phase their father went through. The Purple one being his original clown self before becoming a zed, the metal-fitted one being his armored masked phase, and the last being his M:PN form. + Each of the tricksters fulfill a role in their group. The smallest being the intelligent one, the Mohawk one being the talented technician, and the large one being the brawn. (Think of Ed, Edd, and Eddy. One’s the inventor, one’s the brawn, and one comes up with the plans.) + Some of their scars were inflicted onto them by Tricky whenever they started getting rebellious and not listening to Player. + Each of their signs is traffic oriented. One being a “Do not Enter” sign, another a “Railroad Crossing” sign, and the last being an inverted “Yield” sign. + One attacks with power, one attacks with technique, and the smallest attacks with quick movements. + The inverted triangle is the sharpest one out of the trio. + Do NOT underestimate any of them, each Trickster has a trick up their sleeve. That’s why they’re called TRICKSTERS. + Being surrounded by them will simulate a feeling as if being surrounded by starving velociraptors. + Claims territory and barely anyone can do anything about it. + HANK STRAIGHT UP RUNS FROM THEM ON SIGHT. HE IS NOT DEALING WITH THEIR SHIT. + They run after him all the time. + They still love their parents, but mostly Tricky. + They are all cannibalistic in some way. + If they’re around, hide and pray they do not find you -- Who do you want to see grown up next? Baby versions can be found here!
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folkloresthings · 7 months
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Congrats on 1k Becca!!!!
JANE EYRE — send a fandom + info about you (including gender preference) and i’ll tell you who i ship you with.
I'm a straight female and my pronouns are she/her. I'd prefer stranger things please!
I'm 5'9 and I have long and curly dark brown hair and brown eyes. I have a fair skin tone, I'm slim and I've got full lips and fairly large eyes. I also have these dimples that I really like!
I love reading, my favorite genres are poetry, Russian lit, and mysteries! I love learning about new things and knowing a little bit of everything. I adore adventures, witty and playful banter, joking around and having indepth discussions on anything and everything! I adore all forms of art and I have quite a few creative hobbies! I listen to a lot of modern/indie rock and I love watching films very much! It takes me a while to feel comfortable around new people but once I do, I become really talkative and outgoing. I love helping out and I'm the therapist friend, people come to me to vent or for advice and comfort. I'm smart and ambitious; I love being the best at everything I do. I'm quite the hopeless romantic and I love being in love! I adore big and small romantic gestures and I love domesticity sm!! My love languages are acts of service and quality time. I'm a ravenclaw, my mbti is infp and my enneagram is 4w3!
Thank you very much!! I hope you have a lovely day ❤️
i ship you with: eddie munson! rockstar bf + bookish gf yes please. doesn’t have a clue what most of the books are about but loves to listen to you talk about them anyway. your outgoing personality brings him out of his shell so much, he loves being able to go on adventures with you — big or small. when he gets anxious he trusts you enough to tell you all about how he feels. but he also loves to be the person that you can talk to. his hopeless romantic side THRIVES with you. he plans such elaborate dates that you’re never ever bored. loves to surprise you with flowers and notes and songs about you. his favourite thing is when wayne is away for a while and you can play home owner couple simulator in the trailer.
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bellytochin · 9 months
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chief’s apartment: -in his cyberpunk verse, chief lives in the same building as becca does, just on the floor above her. his whole home is an organized mess; when people walk in, they think it’d be impossible to find anything in there. chief, however, knows where everything is and can reach a hand in and pull out whatever he needs, much to everyone’s shock and surprise. -his apartment has one bed, one bath. the kitchen and living room are smashed together with only a bar counter separating the two rooms. he’s got a small couch, a two-seater, and a large television mounted on the wall. all walls of his apartment are covered in paint and canvases. chief doesn’t hang anything he hasn’t painted on his walls. the floor is hardwood and every corner of it is covered in boxes of paint and other things he’s collected. the other half of his boxes are crates full of records for the single record player he has, which is kept perched nice and tidy on the bar counter. he has rug in front of his front door, which has the pansexual and trans pride colors because he is Like That. on his balcony is a large collection of plants, mostly succulents and cacti and one single shishito pepper plant. he is very protective of that plant. -his kitchen is pretty clean: there’s a fridge, a large walk-in pantry, cabinets for his silverware and plates, and it’s all got that sleek metallic design. it’s kept just as clean as his bathroom, which is SPARKLING. he doesn’t have a bathtub, but his shower is very nice. it takes up most of the bathroom space, has a few places to sit inside, and the shower-head takes up the whole ceiling above the shower, as it simulates a heavy rain, which he LOVES. while he doesn’t like cleaning every other area of his home, chief will scrub his bathroom ad kitchen every day since he can’t stand them being dirty. -his bedroom is the last place in his apartment. it’s keep just like his living room. chief doesn’t have a bed, but he sleeps on a massive pile of blankets and pillows that he keeps in one corner of his room. on one wall is a shelf full of braindances he’s collected over time, all of which revolve around space travel and exploration. that same wall can rotate, something that he built himself. the reader is attuned to his style of prosthetic and, once read, the wall will turn over and reveal another shelf which is just...The Wall, which is basically all of his personal stuff for his personal time. the other walls of his bedroom are not covered in canvases, but many layers of paint that he’s done over with new art ideas over the years he’s lived there. daisy has her own little section in chief’s room; he bought her the fluffiest, softest, and pinkest dog bed around and she knows how spoiled she is. if she’s not in her bed, she’s normally clinging to chief’s shoulders when around the apartment, since she’d rather be carried. -chief has a good relationship, possibly even a friendship, with his landlord, a 50-something woman named momo. she has him pay a reduced rent from the rest of her tenants because he helps keep the apartments and surrounding area gang-free, so she counts that towards his rent. chief is basically paying 500 eddies a month for his apartment, plus utilities, when becca is over here paying for the same-sized apartment for 1500 eddies a month.
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byneddiedingo · 1 year
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Pîtâ in Funeral Parade of Roses (Toshio Matsumoto, 1969) Cast: Pîtâ, Osamu Ogasawara, Yoshio Tsuchiya, Toyosaburo Uchiyama, Don Madrid, Emiko Azuma, Yoshimi Jo, Koichi Nakamura, Flamenco Umeji, Saako Oota, Taro Manji, Mikio Shibayama, Wataru Hikonagi, Fuchisumi Gomi, Chieko Kobayashi, Yo Sato, Keiichi Takanaga. Screenplay: Toshio Matsumoto. Cinematography: Tatsuo Suzuki. Art direction: Setsu Asakura. Film editing: Toshie Iwasa. Music: Joji Yuasa. Toshio Matsumoto's Funeral Parade of Roses both participates in and parodies the late-1960s avant-garde "underground" film movement, with its reliance on eccentric cuts and random inserts. There's a scene in which the filmmakers are shooting a badly tuned television set, and keep fiddling with the set to get the kind of distorted image they want. And at one point someone quotes the avant-garde filmmaker Jonas Mekas -- and then gets his name wrong, calling him "Menas Jokas." Matsumoto's film keeps the viewer off-balance at all times, moving in and out of what we take to be "reality" to expose that it's all moviemaking. There is, for example, a scene in which the cross-dressing protagonist, Eddie ( Pîtâ), and a Black man, Tony (Don Madrid), seem to be having sex, with lots of pornographic gasping and facial contortions. But then the camera angle shifts and we see that there's a camera crew surrounding the bed where Tony is propped up by himself on the headboard while the camera is focused on the face of Eddie, simulating ecstasy. Even the main story of the film gets its distancing when we cut to the actor who plays Eddie, Pîtâ (or Peter, as the English language screen credits have it), being interviewed about the role he's playing. It's much like his own life, he says, except for the incest part. At this point in the film, we don't know about the incest part, which precipitates the crisis in Eddie's life. Suffice it to say that Matsumoto based a large part of the film on Oedipus Rex. The central story deals with the rivalry between Eddie and Leda (Osamu Ogasawara), the "Madame" of a club that caters to salarymen who want to sleep with gei boi, for the affections of Gonda (Yoshio Tsuchiya), a man who turns out to have more significance in Eddie's life than is at first apparent. There are some longueurs in Matsumoto's film, mostly having to do with the avant-garde sequences but also with a too-long drugged-out orgy scene. (Other people's orgies are invariably boring.) But there are some genuine shocks and some real emotion in the film, and the performance by Pîtâ -- best known as the androgynous Kyoami, the analogue to the Fool in Ran (1985), Akira Kurosawa's reworking of King Lear -- is outstanding.
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allaboutcfd · 2 months
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jcmarchi · 4 months
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Improving simulations of clouds and their effects on climate
New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/improving-simulations-of-clouds-and-their-effects-on-climate/
Improving simulations of clouds and their effects on climate
Posted by Tapio Schneider, Visiting Researcher, and Yi-fan Chen, Engineering Lead, Google Research
Today’s climate models successfully capture broad global warming trends. However, because of uncertainties about processes that are small in scale yet globally important, such as clouds and ocean turbulence, these models’ predictions of upcoming climate changes are not very accurate in detail. For example, predictions of the time by which the global mean surface temperature of Earth will have warmed 2℃, relative to preindustrial times, vary by 40–50 years (a full human generation) among today’s models. As a result, we do not have the accurate and geographically granular predictions we need to plan resilient infrastructure, adapt supply chains to climate disruption, and assess the risks of climate-related hazards to vulnerable communities.
In large part this is because clouds dominate errors and uncertainties in climate predictions for the coming decades [1, 2, 3]. Clouds reflect sunlight and exert a greenhouse effect, making them crucial for regulating Earth’s energy balance and mediating the response of the climate system to changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. However, they are too small in scale to be directly resolvable in today’s climate models. Current climate models resolve motions at scales of tens to a hundred kilometers, with a few pushing toward the kilometer-scale. However, the turbulent air motions that sustain, for example, the low clouds that cover large swaths of tropical oceans have scales of meters to tens of meters. Because of this wide difference in scale, climate models use empirical parameterizations of clouds, rather than simulating them directly, which result in large errors and uncertainties.
While clouds cannot be directly resolved in global climate models, their turbulent dynamics can be simulated in limited areas by using high-resolution large eddy simulations (LES). However, the high computational cost of simulating clouds with LES has inhibited broad and systematic numerical experimentation, and it has held back the generation of large datasets for training parameterization schemes to represent clouds in coarser-resolution global climate models.
In “Accelerating Large-Eddy Simulations of Clouds with Tensor Processing Units”, published in Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES), and in collaboration with a Climate Modeling Alliance (CliMA) lead who is a visiting researcher at Google, we demonstrate that Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) — application-specific integrated circuits that were originally developed for machine learning (ML) applications — can be effectively used to perform LES of clouds. We show that TPUs, in conjunction with tailored software implementations, can be used to simulate particularly computationally challenging marine stratocumulus clouds in the conditions observed during the Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS) field study. This successful TPU-based LES code reveals the utility of TPUs, with their large computational resources and tight interconnects, for cloud simulations.
Climate model accuracy for critical metrics, like precipitation or the energy balance at the top of the atmosphere, has improved roughly 10% per decade in the last 20 years. Our goal is for this research to enable a 50% reduction in climate model errors by improving their representation of clouds.
Large-eddy simulations on TPUs
In this work, we focus on stratocumulus clouds, which cover ~20% of the tropical oceans and are the most prevalent cloud type on earth. Current climate models are not yet able to reproduce stratocumulus cloud behavior correctly, which has been one of the largest sources of errors in these models. Our work will provide a much more accurate ground truth for large-scale climate models.
Our simulations of clouds on TPUs exhibit unprecedented computational throughput and scaling, making it possible, for example, to simulate stratocumulus clouds with 10× speedup over real-time evolution across areas up to about 35 × 54 km2. Such domain sizes are close to the cross-sectional area of typical global climate model grid boxes. Our results open up new avenues for computational experiments, and for substantially enlarging the sample of LES available to train parameterizations of clouds for global climate models.
Rendering of the cloud evolution from a simulation of a 285 x 285 x 2 km3 stratocumulus cloud sheet. This is the largest cloud sheet of its kind ever simulated. Left: An oblique view of the cloud field with the camera cruising. Right: Top view of the cloud field with the camera gradually pulled away.
The LES code is written in TensorFlow, an open-source software platform developed by Google for ML applications. The code takes advantage of TensorFlow’s graph computation and Accelerated Linear Algebra (XLA) optimizations, which enable the full exploitation of TPU hardware, including the high-speed, low-latency inter-chip interconnects (ICI) that helped us achieve this unprecedented performance. At the same time, the TensorFlow code makes it easy to incorporate ML components directly within the physics-based fluid solver.
We validated the code by simulating canonical test cases for atmospheric flow solvers, such as a buoyant bubble that rises in neutral stratification, and a negatively buoyant bubble that sinks and impinges on the surface. These test cases show that the TPU-based code faithfully simulates the flows, with increasingly fine turbulent details emerging as the resolution increases. The validation tests culminate in simulations of the conditions during the DYCOMS field campaign. The TPU-based code reliably reproduces the cloud fields and turbulence characteristics observed by aircraft during a field campaign — a feat that is notoriously difficult to achieve for LES because of the rapid changes in temperature and other thermodynamic properties at the top of the stratocumulus decks.
One of the test cases used to validate our TPU Cloud simulator. The fine structures from the density current generated by the negatively buoyant bubble impinging on the surface are much better resolved with a high resolution grid (10m, bottom row) compared to a low resolution grid (200 m, top row).
Outlook
With this foundation established, our next goal is to substantially enlarge existing databases of high-resolution cloud simulations that researchers building climate models can use to develop better cloud parameterizations — whether these are for physics-based models, ML models, or hybrids of the two. This requires additional physical processes beyond that described in the paper; for example, the need to integrate radiative transfer processes into the code. Our goal is to generate data across a variety of cloud types, e.g., thunderstorm clouds.
Rendering of a thunderstorm simulation using the same simulator as the stratocumulus simulation work. Rainfall can also be observed near the ground.
This work illustrates how advances in hardware for ML can be surprisingly effective when repurposed in other research areas — in this case, climate modeling. These simulations provide detailed training data for processes such as in-cloud turbulence, which are not directly observable, yet are crucially important for climate modeling and prediction.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the co-authors of the paper: Sheide Chammas, Qing Wang, Matthias Ihme, and John Anderson. We’d also like to thank Carla Bromberg, Rob Carver, Fei Sha, and Tyler Russell for their insights and contributions to the work.
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ainews · 5 months
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A new study has revealed an intriguing clue about the tangled distribution of sand dunes across wide areas of deserts and other landmarks.
The research shows that these mysterious arrangements of mounds, ridges, and small, rippled hills are not just randomly scattered, but rather form intricate networks which spread across the landscape.
The article, published in the journal Nature Communications, suggests that this pattern is the result of a complicated interplay between the topography of the land and the flow of air.
The researchers, led by Professor Sibylle Schmitt of the University of Bern, conducted detailed field surveys and numerical simulations of various landscape and atmospheric conditions. They found that when wind was allowed to flow more or less uninterrupted across a flat surface, the dunes tended to remain in place and not spread out far.
In contrast, when the topography was more complicated, with dips and rises, the dunes spread out further as they moved away from their place of origin.
The team suggest that this is because the complex terrain causes aerodynamic eddies which disrupt the air movement and therefore allow the sand dunes to move further away. These eddies then produce turbulence which causes the dunes to rotate and ripple, resulting in a tangled mess.
Professor Schmitt said that the findings could help to explain why sand dunes take on the 'strange' split and tangled shape they do, and that it could have implications for environmental engineering.
"The chaotic distribution of dunes across these sites has often been a puzzle," she said. "This research shows that these complex patterns of dunes are generated by complex interactions between the terrain and the wind.
"It has implications for the field of engineering and environmental studies as we need to take into account when modelling how wind and air will move around and interact with a large site."
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myfeeds · 9 months
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Supercomputer used to simulate winds that cause clear air turbulence
A research group from Nagoya University has accurately simulated air turbulence occurring on clear days around Tokyo using Japan’s fastest supercomputer. They then compared their findings with flight data to create a more accurate predictive model. The research was reported in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. Although air turbulence is usually associated with bad weather, an airplane cabin can shake violently even on a sunny and cloudless day. Known as clear air turbulence (CAT), these turbulent air movements can occur in the absence of any visible clouds or other atmospheric disturbances. Although the exact mechanisms that cause CAT are not fully understood, it is believed to be primarily driven by wind shear and atmospheric instability. CAT poses a high risk to aviation safety. The sudden turbulence on an otherwise calm day can lead to passenger and crew member injuries, aircraft damage, and disruptions to flight operations. Pilots rely on reports from other aircraft, weather radar, and atmospheric models to anticipate and avoid areas of potential turbulence. However, since CAT shows no visible indicators, such as clouds or storms, it is particularly challenging to detect and forecast. As winds swirl and circulate creating sudden changes in airflow, eddies are created that can shake an aircraft. Therefore, to better understand CAT, scientists model it using large-eddy simulation (LES), a computational fluid dynamics technique used to simulate these turbulent flows. However, despite its importance to research on air turbulence, one of the greatest challenges of LES is the computational cost. Simulating the complex interactions involved in LES requires high levels of computing power. To elaborately simulate the process of turbulence generation using high-resolution LES, the research group from Nagoya University turned to an exascale computer called the Fugaku supercomputer. It is a high-performance computing system, currently ranked as the world’s second fastest supercomputer. Using Fugaku’s immense computational power, Dr. Ryoichi Yoshimura of Nagoya University in collaboration with Dr. Junshi Ito and others at Tohoku University, performed an ultra-high-resolution simulation of the CAT above Tokyo’s Haneda airport in winter caused by low pressure and a nearby mountain range. They found that the wind speed disturbance was caused by the collapse of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability wave, a specific type of instability that occurs the interface between two layers of air with different velocities. As one layer has higher velocity than the other, it creates a wave-like effect as it pulls at the lower velocity layer. As the atmospheric waves grow from the west and collapse in the east, this phenomenon creates several fine vortices, creating turbulence. After making their computations, the group needed to confirm whether their simulated vortices were consistent with real-world data. “Around Tokyo, there is a lot of observational data available to validate our results,” said Yoshimura. “There are many airplanes flying over the airports, which results in many reports of turbulence and the intensity of shaking. Atmospheric observations by a balloon near Tokyo were also used. The shaking data recorded at that time was used to show that the calculations were valid.” “The results of this research should lead to a deeper understanding of the principle and mechanism of turbulence generation by high-resolution simulation and allow us to investigate the effects of turbulence on airplanes in more detail,” said Yoshimura. “Since significant turbulence has been shown to occur in the limited 3D region, routing without flying in the region is possible by adjusting flight levels if the presence of active turbulence is known in advance. LES would provide a smart way of flying by providing more accurate turbulence forecasts and real-time prediction.”
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tensiletestmachinesme · 10 months
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Why should you choose Materials Testing?
Materials testing plays a vital role in ensuring the quality, reliability, and safety of various products we encounter in our daily lives. From buildings and bridges to airplanes and medical devices, every material used must undergo rigorous testing to meet industry standards and regulations. In this blog post, we will explore the fascinating world of materials testing, its significance, common testing methods, and how it impacts our lives.
Understanding Materials Testing:
Materials testing is a systematic process that involves evaluating the physical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties of a material. It helps manufacturers, engineers, and researchers determine the suitability and performance of materials under different conditions. By conducting thorough testing, potential flaws, weaknesses, and limitations of materials can be identified, enabling manufacturers to make informed decisions about their use.
Importance of Materials Testing:
Quality Assurance: Materials testing ensures that the materials used in various industries meet specific quality standards. It helps prevent faulty or substandard products from reaching consumers, thereby reducing the risk of accidents, injuries, and financial losses.
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Safety and Reliability: Whether it's a critical infrastructure project or a life-saving medical device, materials testing is essential for assessing the safety and reliability of materials under different operating conditions. By subjecting materials to rigorous testing, engineers can identify potential failures, design flaws, or weaknesses that could compromise safety.
Innovation and Product Development: Materials testing enables researchers and engineers to explore new materials and develop innovative products. By understanding the properties and behavior of different materials, scientists can push the boundaries of what is possible and create novel solutions to complex challenges.
Common Materials Testing Methods:
Tensile Testing: This method evaluates a material's strength, ductility, and resistance to deformation under tension. It involves subjecting a sample to gradually increasing tensile forces until it breaks. The results help determine the material's ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
 Hardness Testing: Hardness testing measures a material's resistance to indentation or scratching. Different techniques, such as Brinell, Rockwell, and Vickers tests, are used to assess a material's hardness based on the depth or size of the indentation caused by an indenter.
Impact Testing: Impact tests evaluate a material's ability to absorb energy under high-velocity impact loads. These tests simulate real-world scenarios, such as sudden shocks or collisions, to assess a material's toughness and resistance to fracture.
Chemical Analysis: Chemical testing involves analyzing the composition and purity of a material. Techniques like spectroscopy and chromatography help identify and quantify the presence of specific elements, compounds, or impurities.
Advanced Testing Techniques:
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): NDT methods, including ultrasound, radiography, and eddy current testing, allow for the evaluation of materials without causing damage. NDT is particularly useful for inspecting large structures or critical components where destructive testing is impractical or expensive.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): SEM provides high-resolution imaging and analysis of a material's surface and internal structure. It helps identify microstructural features, defects, and the distribution of elements, offering valuable insights into a material's properties and behavior.
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Future Trends in Materials Testing:
With advancing technology, materials testing is evolving to meet the demands of new materials and applications. Here are some exciting trends to watch out for:
Additive Manufacturing Testing: As 3D printing continues to revolutionize manufacturing, specialized testing methods are being developed to ensure the quality and integrity of printed parts.
Smart Materials Testing: The rise of smart materials, such as shape memory alloys and self-healing polymers, requires innovative testing techniques to understand their unique properties and behavior.
Nanomaterials Testing: Nanotechnology is opening new
Consider visiting our site for additional information about materials testing.
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businesssinfo · 1 year
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Power of CFD simulation to predict ventilation behavior in Manufacturing units
Introduction:
In recent years, stringent indoor air quality and thermal comfort is gaining importance in design of Industrial buildings. This study aims to find the optimal ventilation system and designed intently to improve energy efficiency and indoor air quality. CFD codes were used to simulate every category of the industrial complex in order to validate the actual building in a typical summer day and the results were compared.
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Scope for CFD Analysis
To compare and evaluate the ventilation effectiveness of Turbine ventilators vs. Centrifugal upblast ventilators.
To discharge exhaust air to eliminate interference with other equipment or human activity.
To understand the flow pattern inside the building and position the ventilators to get the desired ACPH (Air Changes per Hour).        
Thermal distribution at the working plane (150 cm from ground) to determine human comfort level.
The conditions –ParameterValuesArea of target building25,560 SqftTotal area of Industrial complex80,000 SqftProcess heat load150 KW (Averaged from various sources)U-Value of Galvanized Aluminum Steel sheet1.45 BTU/hr-Sqft-FAmbient Temperature37 CAmbient pressure1 AtmWind velocity3.5 m/s
Our approach and methodology –
The whole industrial complex is modelled as per 2-D draft sheets and material properties assigned as per specifications.
Trees, tarmac roads and landscape are considered for the analysis since the roughness can disturb the flow.
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulent model is used since the feature can solve explicitly for larger eddies and also solve for smaller eddies, swirls and vortices by using Sub-Grid Scale model.
Wind tunnel around the Industrial complex is modelled as per standards to simulate real case scenario.
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Conclusion –
With more complex designs, stringent safety requirements and ever-increasing energy concerns, designing for Energy efficient manufacturing units has become critical for Architects and LEED consultants. Using CFD empowers Engineers to optimize building design, especially in early stages when changes can be implemented efficiently and cost-effectively. 
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CFD simulation is a powerful tool that can accurately predict ventilation behavior in manufacturing units. This technology enables engineers to simulate and analyze the airflow, temperature distribution, and contaminant dispersion within the facility.
At Graphler Technology solutions, we provide industry-leading CFD Analysis Services, Engineering Animation Services and Pressure Vessel Analysis Services. We can help manufacturers to optimize their ventilation systems for improved air quality, worker comfort, and energy efficiency. With the power of CFD, many companies can make informed decisions about their ventilation systems and improve their overall manufacturing operations.
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oznobikhina · 1 year
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notes on Goodman chapter 21 / turbulence
The document contextualized this device alongside two centuries of scientific research on the vortices that occur in nature, such as tornadoes, aircraft contrails, cigarette smoke, nuclear clouds, and waterspouts, from Helmholtz, better known as a pioneer of the physics of sound, to Kelvin in the nineteenth century, through to contemporary engineering research. Enhanced by numerical techniques and powerful computerized simulations, fueled by chaos and complexity theory, this research into the mechanisms and dynamics of formation, propagation, and stability of vortices has only intensified. Today the simulation of turbulence continues this long- standing tangle of physics and engineering problems, relating to the behavior of systems “far from equilibrium,” the emergence of order from chaos.
In physics, predictability has conventionally been based on Newton’s equations of motion. Given the forces, specific initial conditions lead to specific well- defined orbits in a corresponding coordinate phase space. Laminar flow implies predictable behavior in that stream lines that start off near each other remain near each other. Knowledge of motion at one point in the flow at one point in time implies knowledge of the motion at neighboring points in space and time. However, in the fluid dynamics of nonlinear systems, actual fluid movements exhibit both orderly and chaotic flows, with the nature of the flow changing from laminar to turbulent as some parameter or combination of parameters increases through some critical value. In turbulent motion, knowledge of the motion at one location at one time conveys nothing about the motion at nearby points at the same time or at the same point at later times, rendering prediction fundamentally impossible.
Turbulence is treated as one of the grand challenges of high- performance computing. This is due to the massive complexity involved in simulating turbulent structures, where a flow behavior at the most molecular scales can produce disproportionate effects over large distances. Coveney and Highfield set out the problematic of turbulence simulation in physics whose nonlinear dynamics map onto the dynamics of security in the ecology of fear:
“Navier-Stokes equations describe the flow of continuous fluids; digital computers are inherently discrete, however, so they necessarily approximate these equations by dividing space and time into a grid and only take into account fluid behaviour at points on this grid. Thus, the computational fluid dynamicist faces a dilemma: if she subdivides space too far, then the time taken to obtain a solution to the equations will be prohibitively long because she has a very great number of points to consider; but if she settles for a cut-off that is too coarse, then she will omit important details that affect fluid behaviour such as eddy structures. In fact, the time taken to perform a fluid simulation increases as a high power of the Reynolds number, a measure of propensity for apparent mayhem of turbulence. [The dimensionless Reynolds number is defi ned as the ratio of the inertial to the viscous forces: the weaker the viscous forces, the greater the tendency to turbulence.
At values of the Reynolds number of order 100, flows are usually laminar; at values of order 1,000,000, flows possess fully developed turbulence; intermediate values indicate the transition regime between the two states- the onset of turbulent motion.] At sufficiently high Reynolds values, the flow becomes turbulent and the Navier-Stokes equations are then a major headache to solve. Even though this is not, technically speaking, an intractable [NP] problem, for any reasonably sized problem on any existing computer it is impossible to consider Reynolds numbers above around 10,000, a value corresponding merely to the onset of turbulence, rather than the fully developed form” (P. Coveney and R. Highfield, Frontiers of Complexity [London: Faber, 1991], p. 67).
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