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#language study notes
r-ene · 2 years
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kind of anxious filled week... until the following week because the deadline for midyear class registrations is at the 25th but I haven't received an email of the subjects that I can take yet and I badly want to take some classes this midyear especially since my past uni's curriculum isn't aligned to my current uni's and I haven't taken the general subject that is prerequisite to the research classes for 3rd year and... who wants to be delayed on their thesis making + having groupmates you're not familiar with at all + different schedules + most likely would get delayed with graduating just because of this.
if anyone knows anyone who's willing to sponsor a respiratory therapy student, please hit me up (hahaha kidding)
other than that though, it's been a good week.... for the most part. my grades are qualified for dean's lister again, my sister finally got her car, my brother who's getting into a very prestigious IT/Engineering university for his senior years in high school had his orientations and hopefully good things continue to come. not only for our family, but for everyone 🤍
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anza-langblr · 4 months
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接続詞(せつぞくし)
conjunctions - words that are used to link phrases together
情報を加える // Adding information:
しかも besides そのうえ moreover, on top of that さらに moreover, on top of that そればかりか not only that, but also... そればかりでなく not only that, but also...
情報を対比する // Putting into contrast:
それに対して in contrast 一方 whereas
他の可能性・選択肢を言う // Giving alternatives:
あるいは or perhaps (presenting another possibility) それとも or (presenting another option within a question)
結論を出す// Drawing a conclusion:
そのため for that reason したがって therefore そこで for that reason (I went ahead and did...) すると thereupon (having done that triggered sth. to happen) このように with this (adjusting a conclusion to the arguments given beforehand) こうして in this way
理由を言う // Giving a reason:
なぜなら...からだ the reason is というのは...からだ the reason is
逆説を表現する // Expressing a contradiction:
だが however, yet, nevertheless (contradicting what one would have expected) ところが even so (spilling a surprising truth) それなのに despite this, still それでも but still (despite a certain fact, nothing changes)
説明を補う // Amending one's explanation:
つまり that is, in other words (saying the same thing using different words) いわば so to speak (making a comparison) 要するに to sum up, in short
説明を修正する // Revising one's explanation:
ただし however (adding an exception to the information stated beforehand) ただ only, however もっとも however (obviating any expectations that might arise through the previous statement) なお in addition, note that (adding supplementary information)
話題を変える // Changing the subject:
さて well, now, then (common in business letters after the introductory sentence; is often ignored in tranlations) ところで by the way
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atypicalmee · 2 years
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my current inspiration: studio ghibli characters working hard at what they love
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4.01.2023
University starts again for me today. I really have a lot to do because the final exams are in a month.
So there's nothing better than going to the library after my seminars and studying while it's raining heavily outside.
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thistlelearns · 1 year
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6.4.2023 // i visited the library for the first time in forever and perhaps i do love a good morning session there
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ace3899 · 11 months
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Programming as an Aesthetic.
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gushuwa · 24 days
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04.03.24 I should stop listening to End of Beginning by Djo before I run out of body water 🌆
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expiationist · 5 months
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10/17/23: japanese + consumer behavior
listening to: the neighbourhood
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belovedapollo · 9 months
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todays studies and calm moments ✨ reblog is ok, no repost
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sysy-studyblr · 5 months
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saturday 28/10/23
shawdies i’m sorry i been gone. four hour daily german is killing me. i’m in A2 now, and i need to start getting more energy to get work done after class. today i just passed out. like gymming 5 days a week and 9am classes is mad exhausting but i’m good!
♫ feel so good - mase ♫
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sonnelstudies · 1 year
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lørdag, 18 marts 2023
studying phonetic writing for danish and exploring københavn!
min dansk er stadig ikke så god, men det er ved at blive lidt bedre
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hakjoos · 1 year
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google drive of free korean language learning resources
hi everyone! because i put tutoring on hold while i am working full time but still want to provide help to those who want to start learning/want to practice their korean, i am continuously compiling material for free learning :)
resources are totally free!
most are typically aimed at children (which is great for beginners!!)
hangul practice
vocabulary building
printable/downloadable
example of scans:
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example of grammar breakdowns:
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i will be adding material over the coming weeks and continuously as i come across material! updates may be frequent or slow down at times.
note: resources are free, and they’re totally free to share and use! but please do not repost without credit, and because i buy these from my workplace with my own money and spend time scanning them and cleaning them up and organizing them, please consider tipping me as much as you’d like ♥️
here is the link to the drive! (sorry, can’t hyperlink on mobile currently)
enjoy, and thank you in advance! have fun and feel free to ask me any questions—i am a korean studies grad and was a tutor for the beginning korean classes at my university. i am happy to help however i can!
♥️ joey
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anza-langblr · 1 month
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敬語の5分類|The 5 Types of keigo
In the Japanese language it is possible to show respect towards another person by replacing words, mostly verbs, with politer equivalents. This can be done by using elevating expressions for the actions of your superior or degrading expressions for your own actions.
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Overview: Verb Formation Rules for sonkeigo 尊敬語, kenjōgo I 謙譲語Ⅰ and kenjōgo II 謙譲語Ⅱ (also known as teichōgo 丁重語).
In a guideline released by the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs in the year 2007 keigo has been divided into five types: 尊敬語・謙譲語Ⅰ・謙譲語Ⅱ(丁重語)・丁寧語・美化語. The first three types demonstrate the most complex rules, hence why I summarized them in the chart above for a quick overview. Hereafter, you can find thorough introductions to each type.
尊敬語|Respectful Language
Sonkeigo is the most basic method to pay special respect towards a teacher, a superior or a client. This can be done by switching the verb (refering to the action of your superior) with its passive form.
e.g. 読みます → 読まれます
However, the degree of politeness isn't that high. Hence, it is important to learn the following formation rules as well:
1)特定形 |Special forms
Some verbs have a fixed forms. If a verb has a special form it is to be used.¹
e.g. いる・行く・来る → いらっしゃいます
2)サ変動詞+なさいます
In this context サ変動詞 refers to nominal verbs. Basically, nouns that can be turned into verbs by adding する. It is possible to add お or ご infront of the verb but it can be also omitted if unsure which prefix is the right one.
e.g. 出発する  → (ご)出発なさいます
3)お+Ⅴます+になります
This formation rule is for all verbs that do not belong into either of the two categories above. Omitting ます leaves the so-called renyōkei 連用形 or conjunctive form of the verb. Here, the prefix added is always お.
e.g. 待ちます → お待ちになります
It is not uncommon to apply this formation rule to サ変動詞 as well. Depending on the nominal verb お needs to be changed to ご.
e.g. 参加する → ご参加になります
However, there are exceptions. Some nominal verbs are not idiomatic and end up sounding unnatural to native ears.
e.g. 運転する → ご運転になります ✕ 運転する → 運転なさいます 〇
謙譲語 Ⅰ|Humble Language I
Kenjōgo I + II have the opposite effect of sonkeigo. They degrade one's status and are therefore applied only to your own actions or the actions of someone from your inner circle (e.g. a co-worker, or a family member).
In contrast to kenjōgo II, kenjōgo I is used when your action (or the action of someone from your circle) is directed at the person you want to pay respect to. It is also used when you do something for said person.
The formation rules are as listed below:
1)特定形 |Special forms
Some verbs have a fixed forms. If a verb has a special form it is to be used.¹
e.g. 言う → 申し上げます
The translation would be "saying sth. to sb." or "telling sb. sth." implying that your action is directed at the person you want to pay respect to.
2)お・ご+サ変動詞+します
Again, there are some verbs that sound unnatural when this formation is applied.
e.g. ご運転します ✕
In this case, you can formulate the sentence with ~させていただきます or switch to kenjōgo II.
e.g. 運転させていただきます 〇 運転いたします   〇
Note that, depending on the situation ~させていただきます might give of the impression that you are putting yourself down too much. This can result in making your counterpart feel uncomfortable.
3)お+Ⅴます+します
This formation rule is for all verbs that do not belong into either of the two categories above. Omitting ます leaves the so-called renyōkei 連用形 or conjunctive form of the verb. Here, the prefix added is always お.
e.g. 伝える → お伝えします
謙譲語 Ⅱ|Humble Language II
Kenjōgo II is used when your own action is unconnected to the person you want to pay respect to. Therefore, this type of language can often be found in anouncements, news reports or broadcasts elevating its audience. At train stations one often repeated phrase is:
e.g. もうすぐ電車が来る → まもなく電車が参ります
In the example above you can see that not only the verb has been switched with a politer equivalent, but the adverb as well. There are many words that can be switched with politer versions. Unlike verbs, they do not need to be inflected and can be studied like regular vocabulary.
It can also be pointed out that the action does not have to be conducted by the speaker, but can be an object (like in the example above) or a third party as well.
The formation rules are:
1)特定形
Some verbs have a fixed forms. If a verb has a special form it is to be used.¹
e.g. 言う → 申します (as in 私は◯◯と申します)
When introducing yourself you simly "say" or "state" your name. This is not considered an action that is directed at the person you want to pay respect to, hence it falls into the category of kenjōgo II.
2)サ変動詞+いたします
e.g. 応募する → 応募いたします
3)丁寧語
For all verbs that do not fall under the categories above, teineigo is used, or in other words the です・ます form.
e.g. 話す → 話します
In case the ~ている form is used, the degree of politeness can be elevated by replacing it with ~ております which is the special form of いる.
丁寧語|Polite Language
Teineigo is the neutral polite language. You're probably already familiar with this one, since this is the most foolproof way of speaking politely due to its absence of any kind of seesaw principle. It is used everywhere outside of your circle of friends and the safest way to talk to strangers. However, in certain situations it is expected to raise the level of politeness.
e.g. 聞く → 聞きます
美化語|Refined Language
There is a certain number of words, especially nouns, that can be turned into more elegant sounding versions. It can be easily understood by just looking at some examples.
e.g. 金  → お金 酒  → お酒 料理 → ご料理 米  → お米 散歩 → お散歩
Adding the respective prefix お or ご takes away the roughness of a word. This, however, can only be done with a few selected words. Refined words are commonly used in both formal and informal speech.
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¹ I compiled all special forms 特定形 that you need to know in this post: 敬語の特定形|Keigo: Special Verb Forms.
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atypicalmee · 1 year
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11.29.22
redid my notion homepage and back to it with my korean studies! i’m excited to read more in this korean stories book i just bought, especially since my favorite method of learning languages is by reading.
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arcoirisespanol · 1 year
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14 de octubre 2022
Working on my paper in spanish for tomorrow. Having university on weekends is really challenging. Hopefuly I will get into the right rythm 📚
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mbtriestolearnstuff · 5 months
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Some German verbs #1
Since I nicely typed some verbs I found in my notes, I thought that I could take a screenshot of the tables I made and share them here :)
IDK if I'll make a #2, 3 etc. Let's see how it goes! lmao
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First table: to do, to ask, to hear, to cook, to live/reside, to laugh, to put, to say, to believe/think.
Second table: to take, to repair, to practice, to go/travel, to eat, to meet, to see, to give, to open.
Third table: to go/drive, to speak, to read, to sing, to arrive, to learn, to play, to work, to be called.
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