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perduedansmatete · 1 month

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dimanche ennui donc liste (certainement pas exhaustive) de moi à moi des artistes que j'ai déjà vu en concert, de ceux que je vois bientôt, de ceux que j'aimerais voir et de ceux que je RÊVE de pouvoir écouter en live un jour:

concerts faits dans un ordre totalement approximatif:

julien doré (petite, j'étais amoureuse de lui et je me souviens d'avoir eu mal au cœur quand il chantait winnipeg)

jeanne cherhal (petite aussi, j'étais absorbée car elle avait chanté quelques chansons suspendue à un cercle en l'air)

olivia ruiz (toute mon enfance)

la grande sophie

the dedicated nothing (ils ont fait un album on en a plus jamais entendu parler et je les avais vu dans une boutique longboard comme c'était des surfeurs mdr)

the dø (dans un festival paumé en vendée, j'étais la plus heureuse)

george ezra

the black lilys

radio elvis 2x

feu! chatterton 3x (j'ai l'impression de faire l'amour quand j'entends arthur teboul chanter en live, un des trois concerts était en plein air vers l'océan c'était beau et poétique)

grand blanc

jumaï

chevalrex

pr2b

clarika (toute mon enfance, dans la voiture avec ma mère)

the limiñanas (inattendu, jamais écouté avant de les voir mais si cher à mon cœur maintenant)

girls in hawaii (souvenirs d'adolescence)

genghar (concert avec mon père dernièrement, j'écoutais beaucoup adolescente aussi)

sallie ford 2x

norma 2x (elle fait fondre mon cœur j'aimerais qu'elle perce)

mattiel

the twilight sad

las aves

prudence (la chanteuse de the dø, on avait gagné un concours avec ma sœur!!)

cate hortl

clara luciani 3x

pomme 2x

franz ferdinand 2x

arctic monkeys 2x (dont une fois catastrophique à rock en seine, des amitiés se sont brisées, des crises d'angoisses, un son merdique)

the strokes (son merdique et problèmes techniques car rock en seine mais j'étais au max)

ledher blue

the cure (que dire de plus??? 3h de the cure en live c'est le paradis)

depeche mode (que des bangers, je m'en remets pas encore)

pi ja ma (choupette, je l'aime depuis la nouvelle star)

delilah bon (à la fin de son concert on a eu droit à tous les chants de manifs de gauchos sans aucune raison pendant 20 minutes et c'était génial)

kalika

fontaines dc (je veux les revoir)

ethel cain (c'était thérapeutique)

angel olsen

lucy dacus (très vite)

tamino 4x (je l'adore de tout mon cœur mais je fais une pause je l'ai trop vu)

ko ko mo 7x ou plus?? (découverts dans un festival paumé en vendée, depuis on les voit tous les ans)

jesse jo stark (trop sexy)

hachiku

jen cloher (lesbiennes australiennes je vous aime)

dynamite shakers

odezenne (j'ai pu chanter je veux te baiser en live c'était fantastique)

georgio (marque le début de la fin d'une amitié mais j'étais tellement heureuse ce soir là)

slowdive

frank carter and the rattlesnakes (ma sœur qui se fait une entorse dans un pogo)

the mysterines

yeule (premier concert toute seule, il m'a fait du bien)

sorry (chanteuse toute timide toute choupi mais génial et j'ai pu crier les paroles de there's so many people that want to be loved)

alexandra savior (écoutez là c'est un ordre)

sarah maison

sextile (concert génial soirée traumatisante)

wunderhorse (de vrais anglais qui s'en branlent de tout c'était cool)

no elevator

emma peters (j'écoute pas mais sympa)

skip the use (j'y allais en mode souvenirs, j'avais jamais écouté ses récents albums et le gars est trop chaud en live)

agar agar

nada surf (le chanteur est trop gentil <3)

hoorsees

adrien gallo (à défaut d'avoir pu voir les bb brunes... et j'étais aussi amoureuse de lui petite)

therapie taxi

nova twins (un de mes meilleurs concerts elles avaient une énergie trop folle)

la femme (mes meilleurs pogos)

tori amos (concert avec ma mère, icone)

l'impératrice 3x (2 fois sans que je veuille vraiment juste ils étaient dans des festivals et j'en peux plus leur scéno c'est toujours la même et c'est mou)

terrenoire

snail mail (mou)

parcels (j'écoute pas mais en concert c'est fou)

tame impala (l'impression d'avoir pris du lsd pendant 1h30)

gaz coombes (le chanteur de supergrass!!)

inhaler

idles (de loin mdr)

foals (mouais)

wet leg (absolument génial premier rang à crier toutes les paroles, tellement qu'il a plu et qu'on a fini le concert dans la boue)

yeah yeah yeahs

izia

the murder capital (amoureuse)

suzie stapleton

maddy street (une copine de ma sœur, c’est trop bien)

origine club renommé bonne nuit (à revoir c’est des vendéens et j’adore les vendéens pas fachos)

alice et moi

prochains concerts:

stoned jesus

dionysos (cadeau de noël pour mes parents, ils nous ont bercé avec)

air

ethel cain (encore)

mannequin pussy

cherry glazerr

lana del rey!!!!!!!!!

ko ko mo (pour la millième fois mdr)

eartheather (j'ai eu une place alors qu'il n'y en avait plus??? yaayyy)

artistes que j'aimerais voir:

yoa

the marias (ils avaient annulé la seule date qu'ils faisaient en france alors qu'on avait nos places avec ma meilleure amie, on leur en veut encore)

anna calvi

bar italia

the last dinner party

coco & clair clair

dora jar

king krule (on m'a empêché de prendre une place la dernière fois car apparemment il chante mal en live)

beach house

lebanon hanover

japanese breakfast

mitski

sally dige

deerhunter

tove lo (je l'ai raté à rock en seine...)

tv girl

sir chloe

hooverphonic

tomberlin

portugal. the man

last train

baxter dury

sophie meier

thao & the get down stay down

fka twigs

elita

yelle (je serai une femme accomplie le jour où je l'aurai vu)

artistes que je rêve de voir dans mes rêves les plus fous:

lush

soko (elle soignerait tous mes maux)

pulp

garbage

fiona apple (c'est beau de rêver)

the smashing pumpkins

courtney barnett (c'est une nécessité je connais tout par cœur)

siouxsie sioux

björk (ratée en septembre dernier...)

eels (mes parents y sont allés sans moi et sans me le dire????)

alt-j (j'écoute depuis trop longtemps pour ne jamais les avoir vu)

cults

pixies

iggy pop (icone, il faut, et je suis amoureuse de lui)

new order

interpol

massive attack (si je craque pour rock en seine...)

emiliana torrini

deftones

she wants revenge

hope sandoval

sigur rós

arcade fire (je crois que le chanteur est un agresseur sexuel. bon.)

the last shadow puppets

the white stripes mais bon... ou jack white

madonna...... mais je suis pauvre

si une ��me charitable a tout lu et veut me fournir de quoi me payer des places de concerts je suis preneuse lol merci

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bdslab · 10 months

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Best BD Character Hairstyle Tournament

Nominations are closed and the bracket is set! It’s time to see who’s hair comes out top! Polls will open July 8 at 9AM EDT and will run for 1 day each (I haven’t seen enough activity across the various BD fanbases to warrant one week polls). I’ll include links to each poll here after it goes live.

3 characters unfortunately did not make the cut but will receive honorable mentions: Titeuf (Titeuf), Cybersix/Adrien (Cybersix), and Clifton (Clifton). Since we received 67 nominations but only 64 could make it in, these 3 missed the cut.

The Favorites (most likely to make it to semifinals):

Prunelle (Gaston) Blutch (Les Tuniques Bleues) Lucky Luke (Lucky Luke) Mademoiselle Jeanne (Gaston)

Previous tournament winners (x)

Round 1

Léon Prunelle (Gaston) vs Ray Banana (Ray Banana)

Anoukis (FRNCK) vs Simon (Largo Winch)

Yoko Tsuno (Yoko Tsuno) vs Colonel Olrik (Blake & Mortimer)

Jules de Chez Smith en Face (Gaston) vs Aria (Aria)

Falbala (Asterix) vs Julie Petit-Clou (La Fille de l'Exposition Universelle)

Asterix (Asterix) vs Smurfette (Smurfs)

Obelix (Asterix) vs La Divinité (L'incal)

Count Champignac (Spirou & Fantasio) vs Cancrelune (Melusine)

Miss Jeanne (Gaston) vs Natacha (Natacha)

Normal hair Disciple (Léonard) vs Miss Crumble (Détectives)

Mina (Lou!) vs Li Xiong Mao (Freaks Squeel)

Tintin (Tintin) vs Nävis (Sillage)

Yves Lebrac (Gaston) vs Regis Renaud (Les Petits Hommes)

Long Hair Bizu (Bizu) vs Chesterfield (Les Tuniques Bleues)

Lou (Lou!) vs Freddy Lombard (Freddy Lombard)

Spip (Spirou & Fantasio) vs ElectroCute (Maliki)

Blutch (Les Tuniques Bleues) vs Pico Bogue (Pico Bogue)

Kenza (FRNCK) vs Largo Winch (Largo Winch)

Thorgal (Thorgal) vs Rasputin (Corto Maltese)

Piotr Skut (Tintin) vs Achille Talon (Achille Talon)

Fantasio (Spirou & Fantasio) vs Bragon (La Quête de l'Oiseau du Temps)

Lou's Mom (Lou!) vs Jolly Jumper (Lucky Luke)

Cacofonix (Asterix) vs Calendula (Isabelle)

Smurfwillow (Smurfs) vs Leïla (Seuls)

Lucky Luke (Lucky Luke) vs Phil Perfect (Phil Perfect)

Frédérick Abstraight (Détectives) vs Disciple in T23 on P7 (Léonard)

Marion Duval (Marion Duval) vs Rais Kader (De Capes et de Crocs)

Prof Calculus (Tintin) vs Tyneth (Trolls de Troy)

Melusine (Melusine) vs Lanfeust (Lanfeust de Troy)

Schnockbul (Bizu) vs Angie (Lucky Luke)

Gaston Lagaffe (Gaston) vs Gil Jourdan (Gil Jourdan)

Spirou (Spirou & Fantasio) vs Yvan (Seuls)

#best of bds contest

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save-the-villainous-cat · 17 days

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Fav characters of all time?

Ohhh great question!

In literature

Hamlet (I named my cat after him soooo)

Macbeth

Hector of Troy

Percy Jackson

In film

Mia from La La Land

Eduardo from The Social Network

Carmen and Sydney from The Bear

In Games

Kazuha and Xianyun from Genshin Impact

Link from TLOZ

forgot Leon S. Kennedy oops

And I am gonna be a little self-centered and say my OCs Lorin, Jeanne, Agatha and Mo

#no writing #an answer for an ask

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polycule-playoff · 9 months

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Last Edited: 14 April 2024

So far polycules from the following media have been submitted:

My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic

Twilight Sparkle, Pinkie Pie, Applejack, Rainbow Dash, Rarity and Fluttershy

Stephen King's It

Richie Tozier, Eddie Kaspbrak, Beverly Marsh, Bill Denbrough, Ben Hanscom, Stan Uris, Mike Hanlon, Kay McCall, Audra Phillips and Patty Blum

Sherlock Holmes

Irene Adler, Sherlock Holmes, John Watson, Mary Morstan

Doki Doki Precure

Cure Heart, Cure Diamond, Cure Rosetta, Cure Sword and Regina

A3!

Tsumugi Tsukioka, Tasuku Takato, Hisoka Mikage, Homare Arisugawa, Azuma Yukishiro and Guy

Persona 5

Akira Kurusu/Ren Amamiya, Ryuji Sakamoto, Ann Takamaki, Yusuke Kitagawa, Makoto Niijima, Futaba Sakura, Haru Okumura, Goro Akechi, Sumire Yoshizawa, Morgana and Yuuki Mishima

Akira Kurusu/Ren Amamiya, Hifumi Togo, Chihaya Mifune, and Lavenza

Witch's Heart

Claire Elford, Noel Levine, Ashe Bradley, Wilardo Adler and Sirius Gibson

Ensemble Stars!!

Leo Tsukinaga, Tsukasa Suou, Arashi Narukami, Izumi Sena, Ritsu Sakuma, Mao Isara, Hokuto Hidaka, Subaru Akehoshi and Makoto Yuuki

Stranger Things

Steve Harrington, Eddie Munson, Jonathan Byers, Nancy Wheeler, Robin Buckley, Argyle, Chrissy Cunningham, Eden Bingham, and Vickie.

Star Trek DS9

Elim Garak, Julian Bashir, Miles O'Brien, Keiko O'Brien, Kira Nerys, Jadzia Dax, Odo Ital, Quark, Worf, Ezri, Sisko, Lwaxana Troi, Kasidy Yates-Sisko, and Lenara Kahn

The Owl House

Luz Noceda, Amity Blight, Willow Park, Hunter, and Gus Porter

Dracula

Jonathan Harker, Mina Harker, Lucy Westenra, Quincey Morris, Jack Seward, Arthur Holmwood, and Abraham Van Helsing

The Breakfast Club

Brian Johnson, Andrew Clark, Allison Reynolds, Claire Standish, and John Bender

Winx Club

Bloom, Stella, Tecna, Musa, Flora, Aisha, Sky, Brandon, Timmy, Riven, Helia, Nex and Nabu

Resident Evil

Leon S Kennedy, Claire Redfield, Ada Wong and Helena Harper

The Case Study of Vanitas

Vanitas, Noe Archiviste, Dominique de Sade and Jeanne

Scooby Doo

Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, Shaggy Rogers, Velma Dinkley, Hot Dog Water, and Crystal.

Buffy The Vampire Slayer

Darla, Angel(us), Drusilla, and Spike/William

The Legend of Zelda

Revali, Zelda, Link, Mipha, Sidon, Yona, Paya and Tauro

The Magicians

Fen, Eliot Waugh, Margo Hanson, Josh Hoberman, Quentin Coldwater, and Arielle

Haikyū!!

Kiyoko Shimizu, Yachi Hitoka, Yamaguchi Tadashi, Tsukishima Kei, Bokuto Kōtarō, Akaashi Keiji, Kuroo Tetsurō, Kozume Kenma, Hinata Shōyō, Daichi Sawamura, Kageyama Tobio, Oikawa Tooru, Iwaizumi Hajime, Terushima Yuuji, and Ushijima Wakatoshi

Genshin Impact

Cyno, Alhaitham, Kaveh, Tighnari, Dehya, Nilou, Faruzan, Dunyarzad, and Candace

Kaeya, Rosaria, Albedo, and Sucrose

Neuvillette, Wriothesley, Navia, Clorinde, Zhongli, and Childe

Arataki Itto, Kujou Sara, Kamisato Ayato, Gorou, Thoma, and Sangonomiya Kokomi

Heaven Official's Blessing

Xie Lan, Hua Cheng, Mu Qing, and Feng Xin

To be added: Yin Yu

The Magnus Archives

Jonathan Sims, Martin Blackwood, Sasha James, and Tim Stoker

Torchwood

Jack Harkness, Gwen Cooper, Rhys Williams, Owen Harper, Ianto Jones, and Toshiko Sato

Spiderman

Peter Parker, Harry Osborn, Mary-Jane Watson, Gwen Stacy, Liz Allan, Felicia Hardy, and Johnny Storm

Beastars

Legosi, Louis, Haru, and Juno

Lupin III

Lupin III, Goemon Ishikawa XIII, Daisuke Jigen, and Fujiko Mine

Demon Slayer

Tengen, Makio, Suma, and Hinatsuru

Omori

Sunny, Kel, Basil, and Aubrey

Cookie Run

Herb Cookie, Vampire Cookie, Sparkling Cookie, Mint Choco Cookie, and Cocoa Cookie

The Grail Quest

Percival, Galahad, Bors, Dinadrane, and Blanchefleur

Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair/Super Danganronpa 2

Hajime Hinata, Kazuichi Soda, Fuyuhiko Kuzuryu, Sonia Nevermind, and Akane Owari

Zero Escape

Akane Kurashiki, Junpei, Sigma Klim, Carlos, and Diana Snake

Roswell New Mexico

Nora Truman, Louise Truman, Theo, Tripp Manes and Roy Bronson

Max Evans, Isobel Evans, Michael Guerin, Liz Ortecho, Kyle Valenti, Maria DeLuca, Alex Manes, Jenna "Cam" Cameron, Heath, Dallas Haines, Greg Manes and Anatsa

The Raven Cycle

Blue Sargent, Richard Gansey, Ronan Lynch, Adam Parrish, Noah Czerny, and Henry Cheng

Warcraft

Khadgar, Kalecgos, Illidan, Kael'thas, and Vashj

Lor'themar Theron, Thalyssra, Halduron Brightwing, and Rommath

The Book of Firsts

Mika, Rin, Bran, and Kyou

Welcome to Demon School Iruma-kun

Suzuki Iruma, Asmodeus Alice (Azz), Valac Clara, Azazel Ameri, and Purson Soi

My School President

Gun, Tinn, Sound, Win, Tiw, Por, Yo, Nook, Pat, and Kajorn

Bad Buddy

Pat, Pran, Korn, and Wai

Guardian Tales

Knight, Elvira, Arabelle, Beth, Priscilla, Yuze, Bianca, Loraine, Eva, and Camilla

Word of Honor/Faraway Wanders

Wen Kexing, Zhou Zishu, Han Ying, Jing Beiyuan, and Wuxi

The New Teen Titans

Dick Grayson, Starfire, Victor Stone, Raven, Joseph Wilson, Donna Troy, Garfield

The Locked Tomb

Ianthe, Tridentarius, Gideon Nav, Harrowhark Nonagesimus, Alecto the First, John Gaius, Mercymorn the First, and Augustine the First

Baldur's Gate 3

Astarion, Gale, Lae'zel, Karlach, Shadowheart, Wyll, and Durge

Kagerou Project

Ayano Tateyama, Shintaro Kisaragi, Takane Enomoto, and Haruka Kokonose

NU Carnival

Eiden, Aster, Morvay, Yakumo, Edmond, Olivine, Quincy, Kuya, Garu, Blade, Dante, Rei, and Karu

Only Friends

Top, Mew, Ray, Sand, Boston, Nick, and Boeing

#polycule #playoff

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thearcaneuniversity · 17 days

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Musée du Louvre, Paris, France

Jeanne d'Arc écoutant ses voix/Joan of Arc listening to her voices, François Rude

Fall of Icarus, Merry-Joseph Blondel | Achilles Xanthos Simoeis, Louis-Charles-Auguste Couder

a staircase in Louvre

L'Âme brisant les liens qui l'attachent à la terre/The Soul breaking the bonds that attach it to the earth, Pierre-Paul Prud'hon

a view of the Louvre pyramid/a photograph taken from inside of the museum

L'Evanouissement d'Esther/Esther Swooning, Troy, Jean-François de

Nymphe de Fontainebleau/The Nymph of Fontainebleau, Benvenuto Cellini

Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci

a bust of Antinous Osiris

#moodboard #aestehtic #art #dark academia #academia #dark academia aesthetic #academia aesthetic #light academia #light academia aesthetic #academia moodboard #travelling #louvre #paris #france #studyblr #sculpture #museums

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ripeteeth · 5 months

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Truth is,

it’s a disaster to be a girl.

Up came the black horses and the dark King. And the harsh sunshine was as if it had never been. In the halls of Hades they said I was queen.

Anne Carson, Norma Jeanne Baker of Troy

#anne carson #norma jeanne baker of troy #poetry

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francepittoresque · 6 months

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12 octobre 1799 : Jeanne Labrosse devient la première femme parachutiste ➽ http://bit.ly/Premiere-Femme-Parachutiste C’est avec le modèle amélioré du parachute dont son futur époux a fait l’expérience en s’élançant d’un ballon avec succès deux ans plus tôt, que Jeanne Labrosse effectue un saut d’une hauteur de 900 mètres, déposant trois ans plus tard au nom de son mari un brevet de l’appareil

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wonder-worker · 7 months

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Whether Jeanne (de Penthièvre) acted more as sole or co-ruler in Brittany was the foundational influence on her role during the war, in terms of both the frequency of her administrative activity and where she concentrated her efforts. Moreover, these shifts roughly paralleled major changes in the diplomatic relationships maintained vis-à-vis neighbouring France and England,but Jeanne’s evolving interests in these political contexts have not been adequately recognized by the traditional framework.

First Period

Jeanne, still a young woman, played a relatively restrained role in the first period of the war, being involved in roughly one-quarter of the attested acts. It was during these years that she gave birth to most of her children, which would have further influenced the scope of her participation. Perhaps correspondingly, extant records rarely note Jeanne’s presence outside the ducal city of Jugon, an area relatively removed from the fighting, before 1347. During this time, Charles was very mobile in his pursuit of the war with the support of the French troops, and while doubtless Jeanne accompanied him on occasion, these journeys cannot generally be traced, aside from one joint act issued on 13 June 1342 ‘en noz tentes devant la ville de Hambont [i.e. Hennebont]’. However, as early as May 1342 we have surviving records of Jeanne’s contributions to the duchy’s administration, both alone and with Charles. Among their early charters, some rewarded supporters for their services to the cause, reflecting the intensity of the combat at this stage. Jeanne took an early role in supervising the well-being of various religious institutions in the area, from diverse abbeys to the cathedral of Rennes. The couple also began to manage the viscounty of Limoges from 1343, even though it would not be formally granted to them by Philippe VI until 10 January 1345 and was still part of the dower of Jeanne de Savoie.

Second Period

The first period of wartime administration ended on 20 June 1347 when Charles was captured by the English during his siege of La Roche-Derrien. This opened nine years of negotiations for his freedom, during which Jeanne became the main overseer of governmental activity within Brittany; she appears in just shy of 60 per cent of the attested acts, or more than 70 per cent of the acts pertaining to Brittany and related affairs. The king appointed a series of governors of Charles’ lands during his absence, most notably Philippe des Trois Mons, but at least within the duchy their roles seem to have been restrained. Meanwhile, Jeanne’s acts for this second period show an increased involvement with international political networks, starting with her request for the pope’s aid only a few months after her husband’s capture; these manoeuvres took place while direct French military involvement in Brittany declined and alternative solutions to the conflict with England began to increasingly appeal. This intricate process will be analysed ... as an important example of Jeanne and Charles’ political collaboration, but the core developments and some of their consequences can be outlined here. Jeanne initially entered into negotiations with both Philippe VI and Edward III, mainly via papal intermediaries, and hoped to marry her son to Edward’s daughter, but no real progress was evident for several years. Both she and Charles attended the Anglo-French peace talks at Calais in late 1351, after which negotiations with France reached their high point with the marriage of their daughter to Charles d’Espagne in early 1352; Jeanne and Charles had only concluded temporary truces with England to this point.

On 29 November 1352, however, Jeanne summoned a large assembly of Breton bishops, religious houses, barons, and townsmen to confirm her choice of ambassadors to England for negotiating Charles’ liberation. This was the first meeting of what has been termed the Breton ‘estates’, expanding the normal council advising the prince(s) to include representatives of the towns. Before 1352, Edward III had showed concern for the integrity of the truces he made with Charles and Jeanne by seeking the confirmation not only of the duke and duchess but of the rest of the Breton political community, but this had been purely nominal and not required the towns’ actual participation or ratification. Their involvement here was probably contingent on the expectation that Charles’ freedom would be subject to some degree of ransom: it was expedient for Jeanne to assess and obtain her townsmen’s commitment to such an expense before the negotiations, rather than risk jeopardizing them afterwards through protracted bargaining. Accordingly, the towns summoned here were those on which Jeanne could most rely to underwrite the financial obligation which the treaty would eventually entail.

Although Edward had served as protector to the young Jean de Montfort (now in his early teens), he seemed willing to drop his support of the young prince in an offensive and defensive treaty concluded on 1 March 1353 that set Charles’ ransom at 300,000 écus (£50,000 or 270,000lt). But despite arrangements for the marriage of Margaret of England and Jean de Blois-Penthièvre going ahead at Avignon, Edward finally changed his mind, for obscure reasons. An explanation found in two fourteenth-century chronicles and espoused by La Borderie centred on the supposed massacre by Penthièvre partisans of an English garrison on the Île Tristan, off the lower western coast of the peninsula by Douarnenez, during Charles’ return visit in 1354. D’Argentré and some of the later Breton historians instead blamed ‘the count of Derby, the king’s nephew, who loved the party of the countess [of Montfort] and of the young duke of Brittany’; he, reminding the king forcefully of his prior promises to the Montfortists, brought about the end of the treaty. Pocquet du Haut-Jussé, meanwhile, attributed the failure to the ongoing hesitations of the papal curia in light of French disapproval. The need for royal consent remained a strong theme in papal communications about the marriage paperwork in early 1354, until the assassination of the constable Charles d’Espagne, Jeanne and Charles’ son-in-law.This murder, Pocquet argues, caused any commitment from Jean II for paying Charles’ ransom to evaporate, which finally broke Edward’s own resolve.

Each of these explanations for the treaty’s abandonment presents its difficulties. It is unlikely that Charles would have attacked a relatively insignificant garrison held by his erstwhile ally, and it is unclear why his partisans might have done so, or why such an event could disrupt this important alliance if other causes were not also at play. There is insufficient justification for the opposition of Henry of Lancaster, whom Pope Clement VI (r.1342-52) had engaged for Charles’ cause and who even received a letter of thanks for his efforts. Pocquet du Haut-Jussé’s interpretation has the appeal of drawing on well-established trends in the French monarchy’s reactions to the Breton difficulties, but it does not explain the grant of papal dispensations on 6 May 1353 and 13 May 1354. The best explanation is that, as Anglo-French talks broke apart in 1354 after the (likewise abandoned) Treaty of Guines (6 April), Edward’s decision to desert his protegé appealed less than a more straightforward financial arrangement, particularly when he could continue to receive the incomes from Brittany as tutor to the young Jean, and to use the Breton war as a distraction to the French. Moreover, Mark Ormrod’s suggestion that the king operated throughout the negotiations with ‘calculated duplicity’ may mean that the rupture should not be considered so startling as to need much external explanation. Ultimately Jeanne, Charles, and (again) the Breton assembly formally renounced the plans, and Charles’ liberation came in 1356 only for the enormous sum of 700,000 florines a lescu (£116,667 or 630,000lt).

This phase of Jeanne’s career spanned two of the periods of the war identified by La Borderie, first featuring an upsurge of military activity until 1352, followed by a decade of stagnation. Paralleling the English support of the Montfortist cause, the major fighting took place under French leadership, but Jeanne helped organize the defence and financing of certain towns. But what most characterized the period 1347–56 were the skirmishes of small fighting groups led by captains on both sides operating more-or-less autonomously in hope of profit. If this caused a certain constant level of turmoil, Jeanne’s acts attest her attempt to maintain supervision of routine affairs within the duchy. Her role as sole effective leader of her cause was accompanied by a change in her personal habits. From 1348 to 1351 most of her recorded activity was conducted at Dinan/Léhon rather than Jugon. In the later years of the captivity, she also spent time at Guingamp, especially for the stretch in 1354 when Charles was permitted to return to the duchy (from 30 January); she accompanied him to Saint-Malo on 21 April to see him off.

Third Period

After Charles’ definitive return to the duchy, as during his few short visits before 1356, Jeanne’s role was more modest, perhaps even by choice, than during the long years of her husband’s absence. As in the first period, Jeanne was involved with approximately one-quarter of the surviving acts, most of them directed towards Breton affairs and matters in Limoges. Charles seems to have handled most of the transactions concerning his ransom on his own; this comprised the majority of their international correspondence at this time, and the ruinous arrangements of 1356 overshadowed the rest of the war.136 However, there is clear evidence of their collaboration in matters of government, for which Jeanne had demonstrated her capacity for nine years. Her centre of residence moved to the ducal city of Nantes, where she often lived alongside Charles. It is likely that Jeanne accompanied her husband on some of his visits to northern Brittany across this final period, though she sometimes remained at Nantes when he travelled. Charles also spent some time in Paris attending to the problems caused by King Jean II’s capture at Poitiers in 1356 and the Parisian uprisings under Étienne Marcel in 1357–8. Jeanne probably remained behind to oversee the Breton administration.

Having regained the support of his royal protector,the younger Jean de Montfort was allowed to return to the duchy in 1362, sparking a violent upsurge of activity during the war’s final years. The two armies met at the Landes d’Évran on 24 July 1363, and Charles and Jean drafted a provisional treaty. This called for a partition of the duchy, roughly following the geographic distribution of each side’s supporters: the south and west would go to Jean,including Nantes, and the north and east (with Rennes) to Jeanne and Charles. The reason for the compromise’s failure is unrecorded, though some Montfortist chronicles reported simply that Charles refused it. The only contemporary information about these late negotiations comes from the notarial transcript of the meeting which Charles and Jean held on 24 February 1364 at Poitiers under the aegis of Edward the Black Prince (d.1376), where Charles declared he ‘had not at all come there to respond to the terms proposed by the said lord count’. Why he did so is uncertain, but many accounts in the fourteenth century and later attributed the rupture in negotiations to Jeanne. And it seems impossible that Jeanne was not involved with the decision; it was, after all, her land to dispose of, and she had a clear motive for refusal, since half a duchy would have seemed a richer prospect to the young Jean de Montfort than it did to Jeanne, who had acted as duchess for years. But this did not necessarily make the decision a product purely of personal choice. Even Guillaume de Saint-André, who blamed the Penthièvre side for rejecting the peace of 1363, wrote strongly against the idea of breaking Brittany in two; his protagonist Jean de Montfort asserted that ‘God does not wish that I divide my duchy in any way’. Given the defensiveness of the Breton nobility when regional prerogatives were threatened (as would be demonstrated the following decade), a division might have been untenable.

Fourth Period

So matters came instead to a head at the battle of Auray on 29 September 1364, where Charles was killed. The news reached Jeanne at Nantes, and she immediately made for Angers and her daughter’s family. This brief period in Jeanne’s life is very little documented...but it is worth examining because Auray has been too often treated as a decisive end to the war, when in fact there was no single reason why Charles’ death meant that Jeanne had to surrender the duchy: ‘la bataille ne devait pas suffire à arrêter la guerre de Succession’. It was her inheritance, not Charles’, and she could have remarried. The towns of Jugon, Dinan, and especially Quimper all resisted the Montfortists. For some time after the battle, it was unclear what direction events would take. Froissart reported that Jeanne and Louis d’Anjou initially attempted to collaborate to continue the fight. Pope Urban V (r.1362-70) wrote on 5 November with condolences to Jeanne, but avoided discussing the political fallout of her loss. Even in December, his messenger to her and Jean was instructed to seek at least a truce if lasting peace was not yet possible because of the ‘warlike aggressions and stirrings which make difficult the path of the isaid peace’. But circumstances were against Jeanne. The recent battle had once again been immensely destructive to the ranks of the Breton nobility through both death and capture, leaving Jeanne in a difficult position from which to wage war. She would be better able to bargain protected by the powerful duke of Anjou than at the mercy of her cousin. It may also have been unclear what support she could expect to receive from France. Charles V had ascended the throne only earlier that year and was reluctant to rupture the relative stability existing with England; nor could he afford for the Breton situation to remain a distraction. With her husband gone, Jeanne’s relationship to the French monarchy was less assured, and it was in the king’s interest to maintain the duchy’s allegiance regardless of who was in power. Indeed, by 11 November Charles was already negotiating the possibility of Jean’s homage. It was time for reconciliation.

Prompted by King Charles, Jeanne agreed to talks and, writing from Angers on 11 March 1365, appointed delegates to represent her, chosen from among the ducal councillors (Hugues de Montrelais, bishop of Saint-Brieuc; Jean, lord of Beaumanoir; and Guy de Rochefort, lord of Acérac), along with one of Louis d’Anjou’s men (Guy de Cléder). The result was the first Treaty of Guérande on 12 April. It is often claimed that this treaty reserved Jeanne’s use of the title of duchess of Brittany, which appears in almost all of her subsequent acts, but the treaty granted the ‘name and arms’ of the duchy only to Jean de Montfort. In addition to the territories inherited directly from her parents (Penthièvre, Goëllo, Mayenne, etc.), Jeanne would retain the viscounty of Limoges - now overrun by the English,whom Jean de Montfort was to help remove; and she was exempt from homage to Jean for her lifetime. She was to receive an indemnity of 10,000l each year in compensation for Brittany, 3,000l for her other losses, and half of any aides which Jean raised on her lands. The new duke was to persuade Edward III to release Jeanne’s sons, the eldest of whom was to marry Jean de Montfort’s sister Jeanne. Finally, while the succession of Brittany was no longer to pass through the female line, it was stipulated that should Jean de Montfort die without male heirs, the duchy would revert to those of Jeanne de Penthièvre. These terms left aside entirely the actual legitimacy of the claims to Jean III’s inheritance.

Later life, 1365–1384

After this settlement, Jeanne’s career was far from over, even if it underwent a radical change. Her patterns of residence after Auray until the late 1370s seem to have been entirely unlike those at any phase of the war. Paris became the place where she conducted her most important business, although she spent some time in Angers as well. These arrangements probably relied on her relatives’ hospitality: in 1373, Charles V granted her a house in Paris when, ‘having come to dwell in our bonne ville of Paris, she had no house where she might live’. By contrast, Olivier de Clisson acted as her financial lieutenant in Brittany from at least 1370, though since Jean IV complained in 1372 that Charles V had granted safe conducts for travel within Brittany, including one to Jeanne, she must have returned at least occasionally. These moves reflected her fierce efforts to retain her prerogatives rather than marking any sort of withdrawal from politics, as the Montfortist narrative would have it. After all, her remaining possessions and high connections still placed her among the first ranks of the aristocracy. She seems even to have initially left open the possibility of remarriage, though this was to have no sequel. The last two decades of her life were spent dealing with the fallout from the Treaty of Guérande and the war more generally, albeit with varying degrees of success.

-Erika Graham-Goering, "Princely Power in Late Medieval France: Jeanne de Penthièvre and the War of Breton Succession"

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Text

Warning, description of scenes of violence.

Emperor's office

Napoléon V: I thank you M. de Tour for your work, you must represent the Crown proudly now

Ernest, procuror: Naturally, Sire. If you allow me Napoléon V: Go ahead Ernest: The 8 suspects are currently being heard at the Paris Assize Court for homicide, attack on the security of the nation, attack on the person of Madame Mère, and criminal association

Napoléon V: What did the investigation show? Jeanne, Minister of Justice: Are you sure, Your Majesty? Napoléon V: Yes. Ernest: The imperial couple came out under the heckling of the demonstrators. They got into the car and were escorted by the police. The demonstrators gathered to corner the imperial car, and the group in front aimed at the vehicle with hand grenades.

Ernest: There were three explosions and the general confusion that this generated caused the crowd to flee. The windows of the surrounding buildings exploded, the imperial car was riddled and its surroundings were perforated in several places. Projectiles of all shapes and sizes were found. Most of the police officers escorting the imperial car died on the spot.

Jeanne: 7 people died on the spot and 11 died of injuries. 23 seriously injured and 66 injured. The police… have not been able to fully recover the bodies of two imperial guards.

Napoléon V: This is despicable.

Ernest: Yes, Your Majesty. The imperial car partially resisted the grenades, but it caught fire. The imperial couple were evacuated with the help of reinforcements. Some demonstrators filmed your parents on the ground, but the footage was censored by the authorities. Fortunately, this did not have time to spread on social networks.

Napoléon V: Thank God. How can one be so cruel?

Ernest: Human nature is cruel, Your Majesty. Otherwise, we would have no laws. Anyway… The suspects are all French, some had their faces covered during the attack. They are mostly young, between 20 and 40. There is even a young couple from Paris who had no previous criminal record. They did not throw the grenade but tried to throw paving stones at the imperial couple, still on the ground. Napoléon V: Let's take a break, shall we

⚜ Le Cabinet Noir | Château de Compiègne, 5 Floréal An 230

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⚜ Traduction française

Napoléon V : Je vous remercie M. de Tour pour votre travail, représentez fièrement la Couronne

Ernest, procureur : Naturellement Sire. Si vous permettez. Napoléon V : Allez y. Ernest : Les huit suspects sont entendus actuellement à la cour d'assises de Paris pour homicide, atteinte à la sécurité de la Nation, attentat contre la personne de Madame Mère, association de malfaiteurs.

Napoléon V : Qu'a donné l'enquête ? Jeanne, ministre de la justice : Êtes-vous sûr Votre Majesté ?... Napoléon V : Oui. Ernest : Le couple impérial est sorti sous le chahut des manifestants. Ils sont montés dans la voiture et escortés par la police. Les manifestants se sont rassemblés pour coincer la voiture impériale, et le groupe à l'avant a visé le véhicule avec des grenades artisanales.

Ernest : Il y a eu trois explosions et la confusion générale que cela a généré a fait fuir la foule. Les vitres des bâtiments alentours ont explosé, la voiture impériale a été criblée et ce qui l'entoure a été perforé en plusieurs endroits. On a retrouvé des projectiles de toute forme et de toute taille. Les policiers qui escortaient la voiture impériale sont morts sur le coup pour la plupart.

Jeanne : Il y a eu 7 morts sur le coup et 11 personnes sont décédées suite aux blessures. 23 blessés graves et 66 blessés. La police... n'a pas pu retrouver entièrement les corps de deux gardes impériaux.

Napoléon V : C'est ignoble.

Ernest : Oui Votre Majesté. La voiture impériale a résisté en partie aux grenades, mais elle a pris feu. Le couple impérial a été évacué à l'aide des renforts. Certains manifestants ont filmé vos parents à terre, ces images ont été censurées par les autorités. Heureusement, cela n'a pas eu le temps de s'étendre sur les réseaux sociaux.

Napoléon V : Dieu merci. Comment peut-on être si cruel ?

Ernest : La nature humaine est cruelle, Votre Majesté. Sinon, nous n'aurions pas de lois. Enfin... Les personnes suspectées sont tous français, certains avaient couvert leur visage lors de l'attentat. Elles sont pour la plupart jeunes, entre 20 et 40 ans. Il y a un même un jeune couple parisien qui n'avait pas de casier judiciaire par le passé. Ils n'ont pas lancé la grenade mais tenté de lancer des pavés sur le couple impérial, encore à terre. Napoléon V : Faisons une pause, voulez-vous

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