#ernest berger

[driftwork]

names, mostly surnames (1)

let me apologise for this partial list of names in the library,  titles available on request...

, Adorno, horkheimer, anderson, aristotle, greta adorno, marcuse, agamben, acampora and acampora, althussar, lajac kovacic, eric alliez, marc auge,  attali, francis bacon (16th c), aries, aries and bejin, alain badiou, beckett, hallward, barnes, bachelard, bahktin, volshinov, baudrillard, barthes, john beattie, medvedev, henri bergson, Jacques Bidet, berkman, zybmunt bauman, burgin, baugh, sam  butler, ulrich beck, andrew benjamin and peter osbourne, walter benjamin, ernest bloch, blanchot,  bruzins,  bonnet,  karin bojs,  bourdieu,  j.d. bernal, goldsmith,  benveniste, braidotti,  brecht,  burch, victor serge, andre breton, judith butler, malcolm bull, stanley cohen, john berger, etienne balibar, david bohm, gans blumenberg, martin buber, christopher caudwell, micel callon, albert camus, agnes callard,  castoridis, claudio celis bueno, carchedi and roberts, Marisol de la cadena,  mario blaser, nancy cartwright, manual castells, mark  currie, collingwood, canguilhem, mario corti, stuart hall, andrew lowe, paul willis, coyne, stefan collini, varbara cassin, helene cixous, coward and ellis, clastres, carr, cioren,  irving copi, cassirer, carter and willians, margeret cohen,  Francoise dastur, guy debord, agnes martin,  michele bernstein, alice, lorraine dastun, debaise, Gilles Deleuze, deleuze and gattari, guattari, parnet, iain mackenzie, bignall, stivale, holland, smith, james williams, zourabichvili, paul patton, kerslake,  schuster, bogue, bryant,  anne sauvagnargues, hanjo berresen, frida beckman, johnson, gulliarme and hughes, valentine moulard-leonard, desai,  dosse, duttman, d’amico,  benoit peters, derrida, hinca zarifopol-johnston, sean gaston,  discourse, mark poster, foucault,  steve fuller, markus gabrial, rosenbergm  milchamn, colin jones,  van fraasen,  fekete,  vilem flusser, flahault, heri focillon, rudi visker, ernst fischer,  fink, faye, fuller, fiho, marco bollo, hans magnus enxensberger, leen de bolle, canetti, ilya enrenberg,  thuan, sebastion peake, mervyn peake, robert henderson, reimann, roth,  bae suah,  yabouza, marco bellatin, cartarescu, nick harkaway, chris norris, deLanda, regis debray, pattern and doniger,  soame jynens, bernard williams, descartes, anne dufourmanteille, michelle le doeuff, de certaeu , deligny, Georges Dumezil, dumenil and levy,  bernard edelman, victorverlich, berio, arendt, amy allen, de beauvior,hiroka azumi,  bedau and humphreys,  beuad,  georges bataille, caspar  henderson,  chris innes,  yevgeny zamyatin,  louis aragon, italo calvino, pierre guirard,  trustan garcia, rene girard, paul gilroy, michal gardner,  andre gorz, jurgan gabermas, martin gagglund, beatrice hannssen, jean hyppolyte, axel honneth, zizek and crickett, stephen heath,  calentin groebner, j.b.s. haldane,  ian hacking,  david hakken,  hallward and oekken,  haug, harman, latour, arnold hauser, hegel, pippin, pinksrd, michel henry, louis hjelmslev,  gilbert hardin, alice jardine, karl jaspers, suzzane kirkbright, david hume,  thomas hobbes, barry hindus, paul hirst, hindess and hirst, wrrner hamacher,  bertrand gille,  julien huxley, halavais, irigaray, ted honderich, julia kristeva, leibnitz, d lecourt,  lazzaroto, kluge and negt, alexander kluge, sarah kofman, alexandre kojeve,  kolozoya, keynes,  richard kangston, ben lehman, kant,  francous jullien, fred hameson, sntonio rabucchi, jaeggi, steve lanierjones, tim jackson,  jakobson,   joeseph needham, arne de boever,  marx and engels, karl marx, frederick engels, heinrich,  McLellen , maturana and varuna,  lem, lordon, jean jacques-lecercle,  malabou,  marazzi,  heiner muller,  mary midgley, armand matterlart, ariel dorfman, matakovsky, nacneice, lucid,  victor margolis, narco lippi,  glen mazis, nair,  william morris,  nabis,  jean luc nancy,  geoffrey nash,  antonio negri,  negri and hardt, hardt, keith ansell pearson, pettman, william ruddiman, rheinberger, andre orlean, v.i. vernadsky,  rodchenko,  john willet, tarkovsky, william empson,  michel serres,  virillio, semiotexte, helmut heiseenbuttel,  plessner, pechaux, raunig, retort,  saito,  serres, dolphin, maria assad, spinoza,  bernard sharratt, isabelle stengers,  viktor shklovsky,  t. todorov,  enzo traverso, mario tronti,  todes, ivan pavlov,  whitehead, frank trentmann, trubetzkoy, rodowink, widderman, karl wittfogel, peter handke, olivier rolin, pavese,  robert walser, petr kral, von arnim,  sir john mennis,  ladies cabinet,  samuel johnson, edmund spenser,  efy poppy, yoko ogawa, machado,  kaurence durrell,  brigid brophy,  a. betram chandler, maria gabriella llansol, fowler,  ransmayr,  novick, llewellyn,  brennan, sean carroll,  julien rios, pintor, wraxall,  jaccottet, tabucchi,  iain banks, glasstone,  clarice lispector,  murakami, ludmilla petrushevskaya,  motoya, bachmann, lindqvist,  uwe johnson, einear macbride,  szentkuthy,  vladislavic, nanguel,  mathias enard,  chris tomas, jonathan meades,  armo schmidt, charles yu, micheal sorkin, vilas- matas, varesi, peter weiss,  stephenson, paul legrande,  virginie despentes, pessoa,  brin,  furst, gunter trass, umberto eco, reid, paul,klee, mario levero, hearn, judith schalansky, moorhead,  margert walters, rodchenko and popova, david king, alisdair gray, burroughs, ben fine, paul hirst, hindess,  kapuscinski, tchaikovsky,  brooke-rose, david hoon kim, helms,  mahfouz, ardret,  felipe fernandez-armesto,  young and tagomon,  aronson,  bonneuil and  fressoz, h.s. bennett, amy allen, bruckner brown, honegger, bernhard,  warren miller, albert thelen,  margoy bennett, rose macauley,  nenjamin peret, sax rohmer, angeliki, bostrom, phillip ball, the invisible commitee, bataille and leiris,  gregory bateson, michelle barrett and mary mcintosh, bardini, bugin, mcdonald, kaplan, buck-moores,  chesterman and lipman,  berman,  cicero, chanan,  chatelet,  helene cixous, iain cha,bers,  smirgel, norman clark, caird, camus,  clayre, chomsky, critchley,  curry,  swingewood,  luigi luca cavelli-sforza,  clark, esposito, doerner,  de duve, alexander dovzhenko, donzelot,  dennet, doyle, burkheim, de camp,  darwin,  dawkins,  didi-huberman, dundar, george dyson, berard deleuze, evo, barbara ehrenrich,  edwards,  e isenstein, ebeking, economy and society, esposito,  frederick gross,  david edgeerton,  douglas,  paul,feyerband,  jerry fodor,  gorrdiener,  tom forester, korsgaard,  fink,  floridi, elizabeth groscz, pierre francastel,  jane jacobs,  francois laplantinee,  gould,  galloway, goux,  godel, grouys, genette,  gil, kahloo, giddens,  martin gardner,  gilbert and dubar, hobbes,  herve, golinski, grotowski, glieck,  hayles, heidegger, huxley, eric hobsbawn, jean-louis hippolyte,  phillip hoare, tim jordan,  david harvey, hawking, hoggart,  rosemary jackson,  myerson,  mary jacobus, fox keller, illich,  sarah fofman, sylvia harvey, john holloway, han,  jaspers, yuk hui,  pierre hadot, carl gardner,  william james, bell hooks,  edmond jabes,  kierkegaard, alexander keen, kropotkin, tracy kidder,  mithen, kothari and mehta, lind,  c. joad,  bart kosko, kathy myers,  kaplan,  luce irigaraay, patrick ke iller, kittler,  catherine belsey,  kmar,  klossowski, holmes, kant, stanton,  ernesto laclau, jenkins, la mouffe,  walter john williams, adam greenfield, susan greenfield, paul auster, viet nguyen, jeremy nicholson,  andy weir, fred jameson,  lacoue-labarthe,  bede,  jane gallop, lacan,  wilden,  willy ley,  henri lefebvre, rob sheilds,  sandra laugier, micheal lowy, barry levinson, sylvain lazurus, lousardo, leopardo, jean-francois lyotard, jones,  lewontin,  steve levy,  alice in genderland,  laing, lanier, lakatos, laurelle, luxemburg,  lukacs, jarsh,  james lovelock, ideologu and consciousness, economy and society, screen, deleuze studies, deleuze and guattari studies,  bruno latour, david lapoujade,  stephen law, primo levi,  levi-strauss,  emmanuel levinas,  viktor schonberger, pierre levy, gustav landaur,  robin le poidevin,  les levidow, lautman, david cooper,  serge leclaire, catherine malabou, karl kautsky, alice meynall,  j.s. mill, montainge,  elaine miller, rosa levine-meyer, jean luc marion, henri lefebrve,  lipovetsky, terry lovell,  niklas luhmann,  richard may, machiavelli, richard mabey, john mullzrkey,  meyerhold, edward braun,  magri,  murray, nathanial lichfield, noelle mcafee,  hans meyer,  ouspensky, lucretius, asa briggs, william morris, christian metz, laura mulvey, len masterman,  karl mannheim, louis marin, alaister reynolds,  antonio  munoz molina,  FRAZER,  arno schmidt,  dinae waldman,  mark rothko, cornwall, micheal snow, sophie henaff, scarlett thomas,  matuszewski, lillya brik,  rosamond lehman , morris and o’conner,  nina bawden, cora sandel, delafield, storm jameson,  lovi , rachel ferguson,  stevie smith, pat barker, miles franklin, fay weldon,  crista wolff, grace paley, v. woolf, naomi mitchinson, sheila rowbotham,  e, somerville and v ross, sander marai,  jose  saramago,  strugatsky, jean echenoz, mark robso,  vladimir Vernadsky,  chris marker, Kim Stanley Robinson,  mario leverdo,  r.a. lafferty, martin bax, mcaulay, tatyana tolstaya,  colinn kapp,  jonathan meades,  franco fortini,  sam delany, philip e high, h.g. adler, feng menglong,  adam thorpe,  peeter nadas,  sam butler, narnold silver,  deren,  joanna moorhead, leonara carrington,  de waal,  hartt, botticelli,  charbonneau, casco pratolini,  murakami, aldiss,  guidomorselli, ludmilla petrushevskaya, ,schulz,  de andrade, yasushi. inoue, renoir,  amelie  nothomb,  ken liu,  prynne,  ANTIONE VOLODINE, luc brasso,  angela greene,  dorothea tanning,  eric chevillard,  margot bennett w.e. johns, conan doyle,  samuel johnson,  herge,  coutine-denamy, sterling, roubaud,  sloan, meiville,  delarivier manley, andre norton, perec, edward upward, tom mcCarthy,  magrinya,  stross,  eco, godden,  malcolm lowry,  derekmiller,  ismail kadare,  scott lynch, chris fowler, perter newman,  suzzana clarke,  paretky, juliscz balicki,  stanislaw maykowski, rajaniemi, william morris, c.k. crow,  ueys,  oldenburg,  mssrc chwmot,  will pryce,  munroe,  brnabas and kindersley, tromans,   lem, zelazny,  mitchinson, harry Harrison,  konstantin tsiolkovsky,  flammerion,  harrison, arthur c clarke, carpenter, john brunner,  anhony powell,  ted white, sheckley,  kristof, kempowski, shingo,  angelica groodischer,  rolin,  galeanom  dobin,  richard holloway,  pohl and kornbulth,  e.r. eddison,  ken macleodm  aldiss,  dave hutchinson,  alfred bester, budrys,  pynchon,  kurkov,  wisniewski_snerg, , kenji miyazawa,  dante,  laidlaw,  paek nam_nyong, maspero, colohouquon, hernandez,      christina hesselholdt, claude simon, bulgaakov,  simak,  verissimo,  sorokin,  sarraute,  prevert,  celan, bachmann,  mervin peake,  olaf stapledon,  sa rohmer,  robert musil,  le clezio,  jeremy cooper,  zambra,  giorgio de chirico,  mjax frisch,  gawron,  daumal,  tomzza,  canetti,  framcois maspero,  de quincy, defoe, green,, greene, marani,  bellatin,  khury, tapinar,, richmal crompton,  durrenmat,  fritz,  quintane,  volponi,  nanni balestrini,  herrera,  robert walser,  duras,  peter stamm,  m foster,  lan wright,  their theotokism  agustn de rojas, paul eluard,  sturgeon,  hiromi kawakomi,  sayaka murata,  wolfgang hilbig,  hmilton,  z  zivkovic,  gersson,  mallo,  bird,  chaudrey, Toussaint, Can Xue, Lewis Mumford, neitzsche, popper, zizek, scott westerfield, rousseau, lewis munford, tod may,  penelope maddy, elaine marks,  isabelle courtivron, leroi, massumi,  david sterritt, godard, millican and clark, macabe, negri,  mauss, maiimon, patrica maccormack, moretti, courtney humphries,  monad, moyn, malina, picasso, goldman, dambisa moyo,  merleau-ponty, Nicholson, knobe and nichols, poinciore, morris, ovid, ming, nail, thomas more, richard mabey,  macfarlane,  piscator,  louis-stempal,  negrastini, moore,  jacquline rose,  rose and rose, ryle, roszick, rosenburg, ravisson, paul ricoer,  rossler,  chantl mouffe,  david reiff, plato, slater, rowlands, rosa, john roberts,  rhan, dubios and rousseau, ronell,  jacques ranciere, mallarme,  quinodoz, peterpelbert, mary poovey, mackenzie, andrew price, opopper,  roger penrose, lu cino parisi,  gavin rae, parker and pollack,  mirowoski, perniola, postman, panofsky, propp, paschke and rodel, andre pickering, massabuau, lars svenddsen,  rosenberg and whyte, t.l.s. sprigger,  nancy armstrong,  sallis,  dale spender,  stanislavski,  vanessa schwartz,  shapin and shaeffer, sally sedgewick,  signs,  gabriel tarde,  charles singer, adam smith,  simondon,  pascal chablt,  combes, jon roffee, edward said,  sen,  nik farrell fox, sartre,  fred emery,  scholes, herbert spencer, ruth saw, spinoza,  raphael sassower, henry sidgewick, peter singer,  katarznya de lazari-radek,  piaget,  podach,  van der post, on fire, one press,  melossi and  pavarini,  pearl and mackenzie,  theirry paquot, tanizaki, RHS,  stone,  richard sennett,  graham priest,  osborn and pagnell, substance, pedrag cicovacki, schilthuizen,  susan sontag, gillian rose,  nikolas rose,  g rattery taylor, rose,  rajan,  stuart sim,  max raphael,  media culture and society,  heller- roazen,  rid, root, rossi, gramsci, showstack sasson, david roden,  adrew ross, rosenvallion, pauliina remes, pkato, peter sloterdijk, tamsin shaw, george simmel, bullock and trombley, mark francis,  alain supiot, suvin, mullen and suvin, stroma,  maimonides,  van vogt,  the clouds on unknowing, enclotic, thesis 11,  spivack,  kate raworth,  h.w. richardson,  hillial schwartz, stern, rebecca solnit, rowland parker,  pickering,  lukacs,  epicriud, epicetus, lucrtious,  aurelies,  w.j.oates,  thor Hanson,  thompson, mabey,  sheldrake,  eatherley,  plato, jeffries,  dorothy richardson,  arno schmidt,   earl derr biggersm  mary borden, birrel, arno schmidt,  o.a. henty,  berhard steigler,  victor serge,  smith,  joyce salisbury, pauer-studer,  timpanaro,  s helling, schlor, norman and welchman,  searle, emanuele severarimo,  tomasello, sklar, judith singer, walmisley,  thomas malthus,  quentin meilassoux,  alberto meelucchi,  mingione, rurnbull,  said, spufford and  uglow,  zone,  j.j.c. smartt, sandel, skater, songe-moller,  strawson,  strawson, strawson, raymond tallis,  toscano,  turkle,  tiqquin, diggins,  j.s. ogilivy, w.w. hutchings,  rackgam,  deiter roth,  dowell,  red notes,  campbell and pryce,osip brik, lilya brik, mayakovsky, zone, alvin toffker, st exupery, freya stark, warson, walsh, wooley, tiles and oberdick, timofeeva, richardson, marcuse,  marder,  wright,  ushenko, tolson, albebers and moholy- nagy, alyce mahon, gablik, burnett, barry, hill, fontaine, sanuel johnson,justin, block, taylor, peter handke, jacques rivette,  william sansom, bunuel and dali, tom bullough, aldius huxley, philip robinson, spendor, tzara,  wajcman, peter wohlleben,  prigogini,  paolo virno,  jeremy tunstall, theweliet,  taussig,  tricker,  vince,  thomss, williams,  vogl, new german critique,  e.p. thompson,  jean wahl, paul virilio, lotringer, christy wampole, verhaeghe, janet wolff, anna kavan, vergara,  uexkull,  couze venn, barry smart, vico,  vatimo, vernant, raoul vaneigem,  ibn warraq, vertov,  williams,  meiksins wood, norbert weiner, peter wollen,  h.g. wells,  michelle walker, , jeanne waelit  walters,  shaw and darlen, whorf,  ward and dubois,  john wright,  weinart, wolff, willis, wark, cosima wagner, j. weeks,  judith williamson,  welzbacher, erik olin wright, wittgenstein, kenny,  zeldin, wenders,  henry miller, wenkler, arrighi,  banks, innes, ushereood, kristeva, john cage, quignard,  t.f. powys, siri hustveldt, lem,  zelazny, mitchonson,  tsilolkovsky, toussaint, heppenstall, garrigasait, de kerangal, haine fenn, jean bloch,  geoff ryman, reve, corey, asemkulov, ernaux,  gareth powell, cory,  deleuze and guattari studies, cse, allain and souvestre, apolinaire, jane austen, john arden, aitmatov,  elizabth von arnim, paul auster, abish,  ackroyd, tom gunn, lorca, akhmatov, artuad,  simon armatige, albahari, felipe alfau, audem auden and soendor, varicco, barrico, bainbridge, asturias, ronan bennett, beckett, paul bowles, jane bowles, celine, bukowski,  wu ming, blissert,  kay boyle,  andrei  bely,  hugo barnacle,  BOLL,  isak dineson, karen blikson,  brodsky,  richmel crompton,  berry, barthleme,  mary butts, leonora carrington, cage,  chevhillard,  canetti,  cendres,  butor,  cortazar, danielewski,  bertha damon,  dyer, havier cercas, micheal dibden, marguerite duras, john donne, duras, durrell,  dorrie,  Fredric durrenmatt,  heppenstahl, eco, enzensberger, evanovich, fruentes,  farrell,  alison fell,  alisdair gray,  hollinhurst,  andre gide,  jean giono, gadda, henry green,  grass,  andre gorz,  william gibson,  joyce,  gombrowitz,  alex laishley, murakami,  herve guibert,  franz kafka,  juenger, junker, kapuscinski, laurie king,  kundera,  mcewan, ken macleod,  ian macdonald,  moers,  meades,  vonda macintyre,  nalmstom, maillert,  havier marias,  jeff noon,  anaus nin,  david nobbs,  peter nadas,  nabokov,  iakley, oates,  raymond queneau,  cesare pavese, paterson, ponge,  perte, perec, chinery, ovid,  genette,  kandinsky, robert pinget, richard piwers,  rouvaud, sloan, surrralist poetry, ilya troyanov, paul,raabe,  julien rios, arne dahl, pierre sollers, rodrigruez,  chris ross, renate rasp, ruiz, rulfo, tove jannsson, cabre,  vladislavic, tokarczuk, pessoa, jane bowles, calvino, lispector, lydia davis, can xue,  sebald, peter tripp,  hertzberg,  virginia woolf,  zozola, sorrentino, higgins,  v.w. straka, cogman, freud, jung, klein, winnecot, lacan,  fordham, samuels,  jung, freud, appignesai,  bjp, pullman, magnam, sybil marshall, mccarten,  galbraith, jewell,  lehmann,  levy,  levin, jung,  spinoza,  fairburn,  jung, sandler,  lacan,  laplanche,  pontalis, can, xue,  klein, cavelli, hawkins, stevens,  hanna segal, bollas,  welldon,  williams,  sutherland, buon,  symington,  morrison,  brittain,  sidoli, sidoli,  holmes, bowlby, winnecott,   bollas,  kalschiid,  malan, patrick casement,  anna frued, wittenburg,  liz wright,  fordham, fairburn, symington, sandler,  jung, balint,  coltart,  west, steiner,  van der post,  stern,  green,  roustang,  adrew samuels,  d.l. sayers,  salom, krassner,  swain,  rame and fo,  storr,  cogman,  hessen,  penelope fitzgerald,  cummings, richard holloway,  juhea kim,  glenville, heyer, cartland,  kim, cho,  atkinson,  james,  king, audten,  hartley,  du maurier,  bronte,  thomas, plath, leon,  camillairi, kaussar, fred fargas, boyd,  sjowall and wahloo,  pheby,  morenno-garcia, perrsson,  herron, nicola barker, arronovitch,  karen lord, stephen frosh, ernest jones, flamm o’brien, shin, mishra, chin jin-young and so on to the warm horizon

#names #ideology and discourse #everyday practices

[xtruss]

A bald eagle arrives to steal a perch on a tree log that offers a strategic view of the shoreline at the Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve in Alaska. When other eagles drag freshly caught salmon in from the water, these bystanders swoop in to take a share. "Hours of observing their patterns and behavior helped me capture moments like these,” says photographer Karthik Subramaniam, a software engineer with a passion for wildlife photography. Photograph By Karthik Subramaniam

In May 2021, the Fagradalsfjall volcano erupted in the Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland for the first time in over six thousand years. The lava flow continued for six months, spreading hard black rock across the landscape. It was, says Riten Dharia, who captured this image, "an exhibition of the raw and awesome power of nature." Photograph By Riten Dharia

King penguins crowd together in the viewfinder of Rhez Solano on the beaches of Gold Harbour in South Georgia. The island sits in the remote southern Atlantic Ocean, not far from Antarctica, and hosts some 25,000 breeding pairs of king penguins, along with gentoo penguins, and elephant seals. Photograph By Rhez Solano

There are around 4,500 salt wells terraced into the hillside at the Salt Mines of Maras in Peru. The archaeological record shows that salt extraction likely began here before the Inca Empire, perhaps as far back as 500 AD. Today that tradition continues with the families who own wells, each of which produces some 400 pounds of salt per month. “The salt wells receive water through channels sourced by a salty underground spring nearby and once the water evaporates, the crystallized salt remains,” says An Li, who captured this picture. “Here, a salt miner is using a wooden rake to extract the salt." Photograph By An Li

Asiilbek, a nomadic Kazakh eagle hunter, preps his golden eagle, Burged, for a horseback hunt in the grasslands outside of Bayan-Ölgii, the westernmost province of Mongolia. The eagle’s training begins when fledglings are captured from their cliff edge nests and taught how to hunt for hare, fox, and even deer. The tradition stretches back 3,000 years. “For this image, I was lying on my stomach in the prone position looking through the electronic viewfinder at the edge of the stream,” says photographer Eric Esterle. “The ground shook as Asiilbek's horse passed less than a few feet away, splashing me with ice cold water. I remember covering my camera with my body and putting my head down.” Photograph By Eric Esterle

On a road trip through the Austrian Alps, Alex Berger spotted a one-lane road that wound into the mountains and looped back on the map. He followed it alongside a small stream lined with walls of forest when he spotted this golden tree blooming from between the trunks. There’s “a fantasy-ish inspired dimension for me,” says Berger, “which gives me goosebumps.” Photograph By Alex Berger

Sometimes a sleepless night is key to great photography. At approximately 3:40 a.m. on a frigid summer morning, photographer W. Kent Williamson snapped this image from Tipsoo Lake in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. From across the still water, he could see a line of headlights as weary climbers approached the peak’s 14,411-foot summit—the culmination of a multi-day climb. "The night sky was unusually clear, and the Milky Way could be seen just above the mountain,” Williamson says. “I was surprised to see how bright the climbers’ lanterns were.” Photograph By W. Kent Williamson

From Frozen Memories: Rare Antarctic Expedition images! A royal penguin rookery at Nuggets Beach on Macquarie Island. Photographer and adventurer Frank Hurley went on multiple voyages but his best-known images were taken when the Endurance was crushed in the ice during explorer Ernest Shackleton’s 1914 expedition. Photograph: Frank Hurley

From Frozen Memories: Rare Antarctic Expedition images! The Terra Nova held up in pack ice during Robert Falcon Scott’s expedition to the Ross Sea and South Pole. Photograph: Herbert George Ponting

[alexlacquemanne]

Avril MMXXII

Films

Death Proof (2007) de Quentin Tarantino avec Kurt Russell, Zoë Bell, Rose McGowan, Rosario Dawson, Vanessa Ferlito et Sydney Tamiia Poitier

The Battle of the Sexes (1959) de Charles Crichton avec Peter Sellers, Robert Morley, Constance Cummings, Jameson Clark, Ernest Thesiger et Donald Pleasence

Le Bal des casse-pieds (1992) de Yves Robert avec Jean Rochefort, Jacques Villeret, Victor Lanoux, Miou-Miou, Sandrine Caron, Jean Carmet et Odette Laure

Le Gentleman d'Epsom (1962) de Gilles Grangier avec Jean Gabin, Louis de Funès, Jean Lefebvre, Paul Frankeur, Franck Villard, Madeleine Robinson et Joëlle Bernard

La Comtesse de Hong-Kong (A Countess from Hong Kong) (1967) de Charlie Chaplin avec Marlon Brando, Sophia Loren, Tippi Hedren, Margaret Rutherford et Sydney Chaplin

La Banquière (1980) de Francis Girod avec Romy Schneider, Marie-France Pisier, Claude Brasseur, Jean-Claude Brialy, Jean Carmet et Jean-Louis Trintignant

La Grande Vadrouille (1966) de Gérard Oury avec Bourvil, Louis de Funès, Terry-Thomas, Claudio Brook, Mike Marshall, Marie Dubois, Pierre Bertin et Andréa Parisy

Les Demoiselles de Rochefort (1967) de Jacques Demy avec Catherine Deneuve, Françoise Dorléac, Jacques Perrin, George Chakiris, Gene Kelly, Danielle Darrieux et Michel Piccoli

Le Mans (1971) de Lee H. Katzin avec Steve McQueen, Siegfried Rauch, Elga Andersen et Luc Merenda

Ma famille t'adore déjà ! (2016) de Jérôme Commandeur et Alan Corno avec Arthur Dupont, Déborah François, Thierry Lhermitte, Marie-Anne Chazel, Jérôme Commandeur, Valérie Karsenti, Sabine Azéma, Éric Berger et Alicia Endemann

Séries

Kaamelott Livre IV, III

La Baliste II - Les Bonnes - La Révolte III - Le Rapport - L’Art de la table - Les Novices - Les Refoulés - Les Tuteurs II - Le Tourment IV - Le Rassemblement du corbeau II - Le Grand Départ - L’Auberge rouge - Les Curieux 1re partie - Les Curieux 2e partie - La Clandestine - Les Envahisseurs - La vie est belle - La Relève - Les Tacticiens 1re partie - Les Tacticiens 2e partie - Drakkars ! - La Réponse - Unagi IV - La Permission - Anges et Démons - La Rémanence - Silbury Hill II - Le repos du guerrier II - La poétique : 1e partie - La poétique : 2e partie - Cryda de Tintagel - Le déserteur - Les Suppléants - Le petit poucet - L'Ivresse II - La Potion de Vérité - Les Cousins - La Corne d'abondance - L'abstinent - Le Refuge - Le Dragon gris - La Potion de vivacité II - Vox populi III - La Sonde - La Réaffectation - La Poétique II : 1re partie - La Poétique II : 2e partie - Le Jeu de la guerre - Le Rêve d’Ygerne - Les Chaperons - L’Habitué - Le Camp romain - L’Usurpateur - Loth et le Graal - Le Paladin - Perceval fait ritournelle - La Dame et le Lac - Beaucoup de bruit pour rien - L’Ultimatum

Starsky et Hutch Saison 3, 4

Collection - La Folie du jeu - Le Poids lourd - Garde d'un corps - Le Piège - Sorcellerie - Le Professeur - La Corvée - Discomania - Ultimatum - La Photo - À votre santé

Columbo Saison 4, 5

Réaction négative - Tout n’est qu’illusion

Le Visiteur du Futur Saison 1

La Canette - La Pizza - La Copine - Le Casse-dalle - Le Policier - Le Policier Bis - La Réalité - Le Plan - Les Robots-Tueurs - La Bière - L'Aïeul - La Vérité - La Dépression - Le Docteur - L'Individu Perturbateur - Le Présent du Visiteur - Le Présent de la Brigade Temporelle - L'Échappée - Le Destin de Raph - La Traque - Spoilers ! - The end of the world as we know it

La Ligue des Justiciers Saison 1

L'Invasion : 1re partie - L'invasion : 2e partie - L'invasion : 3e partie - Au Cœur de la nuit : 1re partie - Au Cœur de la nuit : 2e partie

Meurtres au paradis saison 11

Enlèvement - Frères ennemis - Toujours plus haut - Un vent de Jamaïque

Le Coffre à Catch

#67 : Quand la WWE innove c'est bien ! - #68 : Qui se souvient de ce Triple Catch ?! - #69 : LA ECW VEND DU RÊVE

Dix pour cent Saison 2

Virginie et Ramzy - Fabrice - Norman - Isabelle - Guy - Juliette

The Grand Tour Saison 2, 3, 1

Les garçons du Niagara - Des Jaaaaags ! - Oh, Canada - Courses de Noël - Nouveau record - Oh oui, de l'essence - Bagages et vintage - Les Buggy Beach Boys : première partie - Les Buggy Beach Boys : seconde partie - Gare à l'Urus - Aston, astronautes et les enfants d’Angelina - Course polaire - Coup de vieux - Mozambique

Doctor Who

Legend of the Sea Devils

Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie Saison 3

Quand les souris dansent

Livres

La colère de Fantômas, tome 1 : Les bois de justice d'Olivier Bocquet et Julie Rocheleau

Kaamelott, tome 3 : L'Énigme du Coffre d'Alexandre Astier, Steven Dupré et Benoît Bekaert

C'est bon mais c'est chaud d'Antoine de Caunes

La colère de Fantômas, tome 2 : Tout l'or de Paris d'Olivier Bocquet et Julie Rocheleau

La colère de Fantômas, tome 3 : À tombeau ouvert d'Olivier Bocquet et Julie Rocheleau

Astérix, tome 15 : La Zizanie de René Goscinny et Albert Uderzo

Haute Tension de Richard Castle

#mediatheque #avril22

[realityhop]

"For Becker, not only death, but man's anality, the human body and life itself are for the most part represented negatively as frightening, disgusting or absurd phenomena and seldom is there recognition that sometimes people delight in their bodies, secretly enjoy their anal functions and, if not exactly "half in love with easeful death" (Keats, Ode to a Nightingale), at least having managed to achieve what Erikson (1968) describes as “integrity versus despair and disgust” and having fully lived, are able to face the prospect of personal extinction with acceptance. In its rejection of all such attitudes as "healthy-minded" forms of denial or outright Polyanna-ism, and in its depressed and angry bitterness toward human existence, Becker's work might better have been titled "the denial of life." This epistemological privileging of existential anxiety and refusal to recognize the other side of the ledger of human experience in which we find despair countered by delight, pain with pleasure, hate with love, and bitterness with thanksgiving, calls to mind Nietzsche's (1886) view of philosophy as a "disguised subjective confession." Becker and Berger appear to work with depression as their major unquestioned premise. Dismissing all positive attitudes toward human existence as founded upon denial and illusion, they inevitably fail to question their own negative postulates. Why was Becker unable to recognize the one-sidedness of his attitude of despair and disgust?" — Donald L. Carveth, The Melancholic Existentialism of Ernest Becker (2004)

#life #despair #death #Ernest Becker #The Denial of Life

[olumsuzsozler]

HAYATIN ANLAMI VE BİR MANASI OLMAK ZORUNDA DEĞİLDİR: Evet, bu hayat bana ait değildi. Hayat hiçbir şey değildir, itinayla yaşayiniz. İnsan, kendisine bir mânâ vermeye çalışan tek mahlûktur. Fakat herkes bilir ki hayat, yaşanmak zahmetine değmeyen bir şeydir. İnsan da, yaşam da saçmadır; boşunadır, rastgeledir, sağlam hiçbir şey yoktur; ama yine de yaşamak gerekir. Albert Camus * SON SÖZ: Diğer canlı türleri gibisin. Hayatta kalır ve ürersin. Hayata bir anlam vermek zorunda değilsin, vereceksende sen canlılara, doğaya, faydalı bir insan olursun. Bu senin için bir anlamı olur.

CEZA YERİ CEHENNEM NEDİR? Cennet de cehennem de buradadır! José Mujica Cehennem, umudunu kaybetmektir. Archibald Joseph Cronin Vicdan azabı, insanın içinde bir cehennemdir. Lord Byron Belki de bu dünya başka bir gezegenin cehennemidir. Aldous Huxley Ölümden sonra ceza korkusu ve ödül iştahıyla hareket eden kişi zavallıdır. Albert Einstein Cennet Cehennem düşüncesi, dini zekânın uydurabildiği en büyük bönlüktür. Panait Istrati Cehennem para babalarının icadıydı; amacı, yoksulların dikkatini mevcut sefaletlerinden saptırmaktı. John Berger Cehennemi başka bir dünyada aramaya ne gerek var? Cehennem zaten bu dünyada kötülerin vicdanındadır. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Ömer Hayyam Der ki: Beni özene bezene yaratan kim? Sen! Ne yapacağımı da yazmışın önceden. Demek günah işleten de sensin bana: Öyleyse nedir o cennet cehennem? Eğer cennette oturuyor olsaydım ve milyarlarca insanın cehennemde tarifsiz acılar çektiğini bilseydim ve onlara yardım etmek için elimden birşey gelmeseydi. İşte asıl cehennem bu olurdu. Richard Carrier * SON SÖZ: Ben iyilik yaparım, ve iyilik yapmak için herhangi bir kitaba ihtiyaç duymuyorum. Tek derdim, Cennete gitmek değil, Cenneti, Dünya'da yaşatmaktır. Cehennem korkunun olduğu yerdir. İsterse bu evin hatta beyinin içi olsun. Fark eder mi? Ölümden sonra korkulduğu için insan sonsuz yaşam kurgulayıp hayal etmiştir. Bu duruma birde kutsallık tanrısallık kılıfı giyidirilmiştir. Doğada ne ödül ne de ceza vardır; sonuçları vardır.

ÖDÜL YERİ CENNET NEDİR? Cennet (var) olduğum yerdir. Voltaire Cennet de cehennem de buradadır! José Mujica Cennet bir yer değil, zihnin bir halidir. Wayne Dyer Sürekli bir cehennem, sürekli bir cennet yoktur. Allen Ginsberg Kesinlikle cennet, nerede olursa olsun, kusurlar içerir. Henry Miller Cennet için savaşanlar, cenneti ararken cehennemi yaratanlardır. Özdemir Asaf Cennet, gidilecek bir yer değil, edinilebilecek bir bilinç durumudur. Stephen Covey Cennet Cehennem düşüncesi, dini zekânın uydurabildiği en büyük bönlüktür. Panait Istrati

Kiliselerin içinde yarattığımız dışında bir cennet yok. Yaşama duyduğumuz öfke dışında bir cehennem yok. Henri Barbusse Şehitlik diye sorgusuz cennete gidilecek bir makam gerçekten olsaydı, zenginler o makamı fakirlere bırakmazdı. Ali Şeriati

Seni cennet vaadiyle kandırıp fakirliğe mahkum edenlerin hayatlarına bak bu dünya'da cenneti yaşadıklarını göreceksin.. Charles Darwin Bu dünyada din, ilim, iman, cennet, cehennem, ahiret, kabir azabı malları satarak karşılığında para kazananlar, iptidai ve yobaz tüccarlardır. Osman Pamukoğlu

* SON SÖZ: Cennet diye birşey yoktur; Bu, karanlıktan korkan insanlar için bir peri masalıdır. Stephen Hawking

RUH VAR MIDIR? Ruh peşinde koşan birinin ruhu yoktur. Friedrich Nietzsche Ruh nedir? Kimsenin bundan haberi yoktur. Bir ruhun varlığı saçma bir varsayımdır. Ölmez bir ruhun varlığı daha saçma bir varsayımdır. Jean Meslier * SON SÖZ: Ruh diye bir şey yoktur. Bu küçük çocukları korkutmak için uydurulmuş bir şeydir.

ÖLDÜKTEN SONRA NE OLACAK? Ey insan! Milyonlarca yıl önce ne idiysen, o olacaksın. Jean Meslier Ben doğmadan kaderimi yazan Tanrı, ben öldükten sonra neden hesap soruyor? Stephen Hawking Öldüğünde doğmadan önce neysen o olacaksın. Ve adını hatırlayan son kişi öldüğünde hiç doğmamış olucaksın. Ernest Karloviç Watson Ölümden korkmak bilge kişi için anlamsızdır, çünkü yaşadığımız sürece ölüm yoktur, ölüm geldiğinde ise artık biz yokuz. Epikür * SON SÖZ: Dinler yakıtını bitirdi mi ölür. Abdullah Rıza Ergüven Allah'a inanmak otomatik bir çocukluk alışkanlığıdır. Jean Meslier Din, fakirler bu dünyada zenginleri katletmesin diye onlara öbür dünyada eşit bir cennet vaat eder. Napolyon Cennet, Cehennem, Ruh, Ölüm, Hayatın Anlamı, Gibi konulara Cevap insanlar genelde hazırda olan paket dinlerden cevap bulurlar. Aslında kendileri bunu ortaya koymamışlardır. Ellerinde hazır bulmuşlardır. Ve bu hazır olan cevapları inanmak yoluyla kolay olanı seçmişlerdir. Bu bir nevi hazırcılık, kopyalamadır. Kendi düşüncelerini hiç kullanmadan halihazırdaki verileri olduğu gibi nakil ile almışlardır. Bu bir gelişim asla değildir. Bu bir donukluk tenbelliktir. Ve o verilerin akla mantığa bilime aykırılıklarıda varken üstelik bireyler tarafından kabul görmemişken Bilimsel dayanakları yokken, ya kabul ediyorlar, ya da başkasına bunu zorla dayatıyorlar. Başka türlü olmuyor. Esenkalın değerli insanlar.

[hoffmans-hoffman]

-----------------------------------------------

Name: Jonathan Raymond Rocks

Nickname: John Ray, JR, Cowboy

Age: 37

Hair color: Reddish brown

Eye color: Soft Blue

-----------------------------------------------

Affiliation: RCM

Role: Detective, Undercover

Location: Fishing Village

Appears: Day 4

ID: NTT_2NQ05D89

-----------------------------------------------

Father: †

Mother: †

Brother: Kenneth “Ken„ Rocks

Sisters: ††

Wife: †

Son: Noid/Karl Rocks(Au Noid)

Significant other: Rook Le Chance (@sclvixtcxnnxcticn)

-----------------------------------------------

Theme Song: Snuff By Slipknot & Walk Me Home by P!nk

Favorite Color: Pastel Green

Favorite Book: For Whom The Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway

Favorite Band: Ink Spots

-----------------------------------------------

Milicia Gorki-Berdyayeva has been on John Ray's back ever since he started working for RCM. She rides his ass non stop as his speciality is going under cover so she uses him a lot.

John Ray is the eldest of four kids, in the late years of his teenage years he lost his parents and his twin sisters(They were triplets, he came out first so technically the oldest) so he had to take care of his brother who is 5 years younger than him. It was very difficult for him as he also was raising a child. He tries his best with his son and his brother.

He was so excited that his son made friends with Egghead, Pete Andre and Acele Berger. He was even more ecstatic that Noid moved out and lives with Egg, Pete and Acele. He supports Noid's music taste, he loves his son with all his heart.

-----------------------------------------------

Notable Things

He keeps an eye on the Fishing Village because it's where his parents died

He's protective of Lilienne's Twins because he lost his triplets

Noid actually comes home every couple of months

His wife passed away from a sickness

He hates that his little brother followed in his footsteps

Going undercover isn't fun for him anymore

He has a Pastel Green pin that his wife made for him, it's pinned on the inside of his jacket

His name is based on PeeJoe from Crazy in Alabama

-----------------------------------------------

#john ray rocks #disco elysium oc #oc #my oc #ken rocks #noid/karl rocks

[cointahmin]

Avrupa Birliği, Kripto Varlık Piyasaları (MiCA) yasa tasarısını bugün oylamaya sunacak. Avrupa Birliği siyasetçileri 20 Nisan Perşembe günü yapılacak oylama öncesinde Kripto Varlık Piyasaları düzenlemesini tartıştı. Milletvekilleri, geçen yıl yaşanan iflasların akabinde kaybolan inancı, yeni düzenlemeler sayesinde yine tahsis edeceğini söylüyor. Oylama Avrupa Parlamentosu’nda GerçekleşecekKripto Varlık Piyasaları (MiCA) yasa tasarısı, 20 Nisan Perşembe günü Strasbourg’daki Avrupa Parlamentosu’nda oylanacak. Avrupa Birliği milletvekilleri, oylanacak yasa tasarısı öncesinde olumlu ve olumsuz görüşlerini lisana getirdi. Yasa tasarısını düzenlemekle vazifeli üyelerden biri olan İspanyol AP Üyesi Ernest Urtasun, husus ile ilgili görüşlerini belirtti. Urtasun: “MiCA, kripto varlıkların düzenlenmemiş dünyası için yabanî batı devrinin sonunu işaret ediyor. On yılı aşkındır süren düzenleme eksikliği, birinci defa yatırım yapan birçok yatırımcı için büyük kayıplara neden oldu. MiCA, dalı düzenleyici nezaret altına almak için değerli ve gerekli bir birinci adımı temsil ediyor” sözlerini kullandı. Düzenlemenin baş mimarı olan Alman AP üyesi Stefan Berger ise, yeni düzenlemenin AB’yi token iktisadının ön saflarına yerleştireceğini belirtti. Teklife dayanaklarını belirten siyasetçilerin yanı sıra tasarıya karşı tasalarını lisana getirenler de oldu. İrlandalı MEP Chris MacManus, MiCA’yı şeffaflık ve tüketicinin korunmasına verdiği kıymet nedeniyle desteklediğini, lakin kendi kripto görüşünün olumlu olmadığını söyledi. MacManus, kripto varlıkların kullanımını teşvik etmekle ilgilenmediğini ve bunların piramit şemalarından ibaret olduğunu lisana getirdi. Hollandalı milletvekili Paul Tang ise kriptoyu kendi ülkesinde yaşanan tarihi lale çılgınılığına benzetti. Tang yaptığı açıklamada şu sözlere yer verdi: “Balon patladı. Tasarruf sahipler, spekülatörler ve yatırımcılar harabeye döndü. Kripto ile lale balonunun benzerlikleri çok açık. Kimse onları ne için kullanacağını bilmiyor ancak bir sonraki tanınan şey onlar.” Bunun yanı sıra birçok parlamento üyesi düzenlemenin şimdiki tutulması ve teknolojik gelişmelerin gerisinde kalınmaması gerektiğinden bahsetti. MiCA tasarısının parlamentodan geçmesi halinde, resmi olarak yayınlanmadan evvel Mayıs ayında Avrupa Konseyi’nden son bir onay daha alması gerekiyor. 

[najlaatravels]

works cited

Berger, Eugene, et al. "World History: Cultures, States, and Societies to 1500." (2016). https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/2/ Dorf, Samuel N. Performing Antiquity: Ancient Greek Music and Dance from Paris to Delphi, 1890-1930. Oxford University Press, USA, 2018. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=WlByDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1& dq=Heather,+P.+The+Parthenon:+Ancient+Greek+Temple+and+Icon+of+Classical+Athens.+Ancient+History&ots=fwaNDYxeEg&sig=5ejj1YbA6LG8fXi_ng1BJ3uCIEo Hobe, S. Colosseum: Roman Amphitheater and Icon of Ancient Rome. Ancient History. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Colosseum/ Lloyd, Geoffrey Ernest Richard, Jingyi Jenny Zhao, and Qiaosheng Dong, eds. Ancient Greece and China Compared. Cambridge University Press, 2018. https://books.google.com/bookshl=en&lr=&id=SrhCDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Lister,+R.+What+Was+the+Oracle+at+Delphi,+ancient+history&ots=z4_pR2MjBT&sig=O02OHL11DS10MmNeWB98TTMIjw Rice, E.E. Festival of Dionysus. Ancient History. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.thecollector.com/festival-of-dionysus/ Robinson, M. What Was the Great Game of Olympia? Live Science. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.wbur.org/onlyagame/2017/12/08/betty-robinson-fire-on-the-track Shaw, W. How to View the Parthenon through the Camera Obscura of the Tortoise. Review of Middle East Studies, 51(2), 214-220. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/review-of-middle-east-studies/article/how-to-view-the-parthenon-through-the-camera-obscura-ofthe tortoise/3840E4252BF0D7B13B03BB57A30BBD05 Thompson, A. The Colosseum. (2020). Ancient History. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Colosseum/ Vernon, M. The Oracle at Delphi. Ancient History. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/1072768/Cave_Experiences_and_Ancient_Greek_Oracles Weaver, M. The Great Games of Olympia. Ancient History. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/26101370

[cooltivarte]

Estos dos libros que leí en estos días, no colmaron mis expectativas. PARÍS ERA UNA FIESTA, libro póstumo publicado en 1964 de Ernest Hemingway (Ilinois, 1899-1964). MODOS DE VER, publicado en 1972, es un libro técnico donde John Berger (Londres, 1926-2017)

#parís era una fiesta

[bookish-moony]

End of the year reading survey

How many books did you read? Did you meet your goal? I read 69 books, and my goal was 45. So yeah, I met my goal. Honestly I’m surprised I reached 60 because I had so little time this year.

Most read genre? Fiction, I guess? I don’t know, I was all over the place this year. They’re novels and poems and plays and memoirs. Letters, journals, historical fiction, mystery, epic poems and short stories. I’m going through the list right now and they’re are plenty of essays, analysis and nonfiction, too. I’ve really got to pick my territory…

Longest and shortest books you read. Shortest: maybe Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, Tom Stoppard. Maybe Kafka’s Metamorphosis. Maybe the Old man and the sea. Maybe the Importance of Being Earnest, or Twelve Angry Men. I’m not sure if plays count. Longest: Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment with Ovid’s Metamorphoses a close second (although the latter is a reread).

Favorite book published in 2021? I don’t think I read a single one. I mean, Hamnet is 2020. That’s not far off

Favorite debut book in 2021? I Never Promised You a Rose Garden was a debut, I think, but not 2021. And In the Woods. I liked I Never Promised You a Rose Garden better. If you want your heart torn out.

Favorite book not published this year? Haha… how are we defining “book”?

Favorite novel: If Beale Street Could Talk by James Baldwin

Favorite play: Ros and Guil

Favorite Poem: Dante’s Inferno (Kaddish is a close second). And lots of Rilke and TS Eliot and Sappho.

Favorite short story: The Metamorphosis

Favorite mythology(?): Ovid or Virgil (both rereads)

Memoir: Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit or I Never Promised You a Rose Garden

Letters: Rilke’s Letters to a Young Poet

Analysis: Art: Ways of Seeing by John Berger. Writing: On Poetry and Poets by T.S Eliot. Specific: The Figure of Beatrice by Charles Williams (oh the lengths I went to find that one…)

Historical Fiction: Lincoln in the Bardo

Mystery: My annual reread of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Magical Realism: The House of Spirits by Isabel Allende.

Fantasy: The Lord of the Rings (reread).

A book that lived up to the hype. Um. Rilke’s Letters to a Young Poet. You see quotes across half the internet… and it’s just a beautiful read.

A book that did NOT live up to the hype. I don’t think Hamnet did. It was good but not brilliant. I’d still recommend it.

Book that felt like the biggest accomplishment. Fucking Crime and Punishment took me MONTHS to read. I read other things at the time. I mean, I loved it, but it took a lot of time.

Favorite character. Fictionalized Virgil from the greatest (and only) self-insert/celebrity-Christian-Bible-fanfiction-that-become-canon you’ll ever read: Inferno.

Least favorite character. Charles Kinbote from Pale Fire (I loved him and thought he was an absolute douche) or Svidrigailov from C&P (just an unbelievably awful guy).

Most shocking book/moment. The Catcher in the Rye when JD Salinger ended it without an ending. Jane Eyre when… the plot twist. It gets me every time. And Great House when you realize who “your Honor” is and what happens with Dov. Fucking a.

Favorite couple/OTP. Razumikhin & Dunya 4ever

The best written book you read this year. If I say Ernest Hemingway A Farewell to Arms will someone kill me. Just kidding. Maybe The House of Spirits by Isabel Allende or one of the Metamorphosis(es).

Book that you pushed the most people to read in 2021. Dante’s Inferno and Letters to a Young Poet. One friend in particular.

Favorite book cover of the year. Okay, I got the Hemingway library edition of A Farewell to Arms and it’s gorgeous. And the Vintage cover of Pale Fire is stunning. And the Penguin version of Metamorphoses (Ovid). And I just love the Pocket Poets series by City Lights, so add Howl and Kaddish to the list. And the Vintage International version of The Plague.

Favorite translation (I added this prompt): Inferno: Dorothy. Sayers. I swear by her translation. If your reading it in English only read this one.

Crime and Punishment: Oxford edition by Nicolas Pasternak Slater. I hear there are other decent translations but I thought this one was very good.

Favorite book adaptation. 

I have developed a list over the years:

Ordinary People

Hamlet (David Tennant)

Atonement

The Life of Pi

Shakespeare in Love

12 Angry Men

Brokeback mountain

The only one I both watched and read for the first time this year is Brokeback Mountain. The short story killed me.

What book made you cry the most? Kaddish by Allen Ginsberg (poem) makes me cry every time. Brokeback Mountain made me cry. And a really good production of King Lear (not a book. who cares). It was the first live theatre I’d seen all year (that I wasn’t involved in). I think I also cried after the Count of Monte Cristo because it was finally over. I liked it but it was a lot. It was actually the second book my grandfather ever read, the first being The Three Musketeers. Bastard out of Carolina and Ordinary People and I Never Promised You a Rose Garden all made me cry the first time around, but not this year.

What book made you laugh the most? Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead killed me. I loved it. It might have also made me cry I don’t remember. Oh! There’s a good filmed adaptation as well! It’s directed by Tom Stoppard. I’d recommend that too

A new favorite author you discovered this year. Rilke. Rilke. Rilke. Also Kafka. And Borges. And Virgil. And James Baldwin (well, I first read him a couple years ago). And Dorothy Sayers for sure. I read a lot of Camus and Hemingway but I wouldn’t say they’re favorites (yet). I read more Dorothy Allison but I think I discovered her last year. And I wouldn’t say she’s a favorite but Patricia Cornwell is really fun if you’re every looking for a forensic/mystery/thriller.

Favorite book you re-read this year. Oh no. Good question. Okay: Ordinary People by Judith Guest.

What is the best non-fiction book you read this year? Eichmann in Jerusalem by Hannah Arendt. Runner up is The New Jim Crow (did I read that this year?) or Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst.

Thank you @figuringthengsout for tagging me <3 I picked up some good recommendations from your survey

If you got through my whole mess of a survey consider yourself tagged. And my lovely mutuals, especially @youareapipedream <3

#im so sorry i never figured out how to use Tumblr formatting #anyway #reading #books

[babbushka]

hey z 👀 i recently have the huge urge to start drawing but i'm so bad at it :( i always doodle in all my classes but they are literally so bad until today where i realized that artists are freaking cool and i wanna learn how to draw properly. i searched on youtube but... then i remembered your beautiful work and that stream you did once and i wondered if you had any tips ? perhaps a book or a video ? to get started on how to draw... 😶

Hello my darling anon! I am so happy that you’ve decided to pursue making art, and I’m honored you came to me! As someone with a fine arts degree, I can absolutely give you some resources that might be worth checking out, but please know this one thing: art is entirely subjective. What one person thinks looks good, another may absolutely hate. As long as you’re happy, and enjoying the process, try not to fixate too much on the outcome. And always remember that representational art is not the only kind of art that is valid or worth celebrating! 

That being said, here are some things that I’ve learned are really beneficial to keep in mind, from my many years of drawing, painting, and sculpting:

(under a cut because it’s long lol)

RESEARCH! This is one of those things that I know may seem kind of counter-intuitive, but I fully believe that by surrounding yourself with art, you’ll be more inspired and informed and motivated to make your own. Browse through online galleries, learn about the different art movements and find ones you like, follow contemporary artists and really dive into the work that’s all around you! Notice the things you like most about the art you’re drawn to. Is it the style? The use of color? The textures or lack thereof? Is it the composition? What about the rendering? Are you drawn to more photo realistic work, or work that has a looser interpretation? You don’t know what you like until you start looking at asking yourself these questions! 

Use reference!! I know there is a taboo in the online art criticism community for using references, but honestly? References are incredibly helpful. Every great artist you can think of used a reference, whether that’s a live model in front of them, a collection of sketches done beforehand, or a collection of photographs taken and collaged together. Use reference with wild abandon! If you want to draw a bird, you will not be able to do so without looking at a picture of a bird. If you want to draw a person, you have to know what they look like, so go do some research and get to sketching!! 

Make studies. This kind of goes hand in hand with the reference. Find something that you like (an object, a person, a landscape) and try to replicate it. Notice the things that you manage to recreate successfully*, and the things that you might need to work more at. Then do it again, paying attention to the improvements. Rinse and repeat. 

Time restrict yourself. Often we get so hung up on the idea that everything we makes has to be a masterpiece, and everything has to be fully rendered. I believe that this stunts our ability to develop skills because if we’re hung up on perfection, we’ll never get to explore. So, challenge yourself to quick gestural drawings. 3 minutes. 5 minutes. 10 minutes. Capture the essence of the idea without worrying about the details. See how many things you can get down on the page in that time frame -- it doesn’t have to be good, it just has to Be. 

Now, onto books! These aren’t so much step-by-step guides (because really the only way to improve is to practice** but more on that later) but rather are aimed to help you open your eye to the idea of drawing. 

Drawing People:

Drawing for the Absolute and Utter Beginner by Claire Watson Garcia

Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain by Betty Edwards

Complete guide to drawing from life by George Bridgman

Anatomy for The Artist by Sarah Simblet

Drawing everything else:

Keys to Drawing by Bert Dodson

Landscape Painting: Essential Concepts and Techniques for Plein Air and Studio Practice by Mitchell Albala 

Perspective Made Easy by Ernest R. Norling

Learning about the different art movements and their key players:

Art Through the Ages by Helen Gardner

The Story Of Art by H. Gombrich

Ways Of Seeing by John Berger

Isms: Understanding Art by Stephen Little

As for videos, I can’t say that I have too many suggestions other than searching for things like speedpaints or timelapses. I think it’s really informative to watch how other people approach drawing on their own projects, and I always tend to learn something about process when I can just sit and observe the way they go about their piece. 

Clarifications:

* = When I say “successfully” I don’t necessarily mean photo-realism. I mean, when you are drawing, and when you’re finding your style, you should be conscious of how your work is reflecting that. Are you more abstract? Are you more impressionist? Are you more concerned with color and form rather than detail, or does detail mean the most to you? These are the things you have to keep in mind when determining if the work is “successful” or not. Is the piece evoking the feeling that you want it to have, is it going in the direction that you wanted it to, is it representative of your plans for the piece, etc. Successful =/= hyper-realism, unless of course, you are aiming for hyper-realism. 

** = Practice is, undoubtedly, inarguably, the most important thing to get better at any skill, but especially art. And do not be mistaken, art is a skill, just like anything else. People aren’t just born magical artistic geniuses, it is the result of hundreds of hours of practice, learning muscle memory, learning color theory and relationships, learning composition. Artists work hard to produce the content that we do, and that hard work should be celebrated! You’re going to work hard too, so embrace it :)

TLDR; Your art is unique to you. No matter what anyone says online or in books, you have to create the things that make you feel something. Don’t be afraid to experiment with styles or aesthetics that are outside of your comfort zone, and don’t feel like you have to stick to the rules that the art world has put in place. Practice practice practice, work hard, don’t give up, and have fun :) 

#Anonymous

[killingeveplothead]

you’re in Academia? book recommendation?

I mean yeah, unfortunately, I am, but I don’t really have an academia specific book recs unless you’re an archaeologist (in that case pm me lol). I’ve been reading fiction to distract myself from academia.

Garden of Eden by Ernest Hemingway

The City and the Pillar by Gore Vidal

Orlando by Virginia Woolf

White Chrysanthemum by Mary Lynn Bracht

The Island House by Posie Graeme-Evans

Snape: A Definitive Reading by Lorrie Kim

alright here’s two non-fiction books

Ways of Seeing by John Berger

Class: A Guide Through the American Status System by Paul Fussell

#can't wait to graduate and leave this catty hellhole #anonymous

[rencontres-en-albanie]

Dimanche 25 août : ces rencontres que nous n’avons pas pu raconter

Durant ce voyage, nous avons fait beaucoup de rencontres. Mais nous avons aussi croisé un certain nombre de personnes que nous n’avons pas pu interviewer, faute de temps ou de talent linguistique. En voici quelques-uns...

- Un père et son fils, italiens, et leur chien dans le train de notre premier jour de voyage.

- Le chauffeur de taxi entre Durrës et Tirana, qui a appelé Ernest et s’est arrêté trois ou quatre fois pour demander son chemin jusqu’à la rue non référencée de la famille Bunguri.

- Un des bergers que nous avons croisés sur la route (voire au milieu de la route!), accompagnant leurs moutons et leurs chèvres un simple bâton à la main.

- Un père et ses trois filles (français) croisés deux fois à Butrint.

- Un chauffeur de camion qui nous a aidés à retrouver notre chemin vers Elbasan pour retourner à Tirana. On s’est retrouvés sur une route très caillouteuse pendant plusieurs kilomètres comme nous l’avait indiqué le chauffeur.

- Le désagréable « propriétaire » d’une plage au bord du lac d’Ohrid. Ernest a signalé la probable illégalité de sa petite entreprise, comme celles que le gouvernement a fait fermer, à grand renfort de communication.

- Une jeune fille de 12-14 ans qui nous a servi de l’huile d’olive dans la fabrique de ses parents (on suppose que c’était ses parents!) à Qeparo.

- Une des personnes se déplaçant à cheval, en ville ou à la campagne.

- Dosi et Hekuran, les parents de Ernest. Hekuran aurait pu nous raconter l’histoire des bunkers, à la construction desquels il a participé. Mais, faute de temps et de compréhension, nous n’avons pas pu.

- Les trois amis italiens d’Ernest avec qui nous avons passé une soirée à la terrasse d’un café. Tous travaillent pour le « Vetting », processus d’évaluation en cours de toute la magistrature albanaise, avec l’appui de l’UE et des USA.

- Un des hommes qui tenaient de minuscules boutiques de cigarettes (entre autres) dans les rues de Pogradec.

- La famille de touristes français, un couple et deux jeunes garçons. Ils ont visité la maison Skenduli avec nous, à Gjirokaster.

- le « king » du port de Durrës. Une allure d’Obélix, moustache et ventre compris; un ton sans réplique pour faire transiter les voyageurs; et, vu d’en haut du bateau quand le quai s’est vidé, le chouchou de tous les chiens errants du port !

- Le chauffeur de taxi à Tirana, Mouharem qui nous a emmené à l'agence ou nous avons loué la voiture qui a accompagné notre voyage. En discutant, on a appris qu'il connaissait Ernest depuis qu'il était enfant !

- Le vieux médecin fan de Jean Gabin à Berat qui nous a vendu des herbes médicinales dans un stand qui ressemblait à une cabane de marché de Noël.

Ce blog se termine aujourd’hui, en même temps que notre voyage. Nous remercions toutes les personnes qui se sont gentiment prêtées à nos questions ; Ernest, pour ses formidables traductions quand nous avions la chance de l’avoir à nos côtés ; et vous, lecteurs, qui dans les moments de flemme (n’oublions pas que nous étions en vacances), nous donnaient l’énergie de tenir le rythme.

Adèle, Emeric, Philomène et Cécile

©️Dessin : Adèle

[desviesennoiretblanc]

Peu s'en souviennent, certains l'ignorent (18)

Le 28 octobre 1949, Marcel Cerdan meurt dans le crash du Lockheed Constellation, avion d'Air France, qui assure la liaison Paris-New York. Tout le monde connaît plus ou moins les circonstances du décès du grand amour d'Édith Piaf. Une autre célébrité figure sur la liste des passagers, la violoniste Ginette Neveu. Ce 28 octobre 1949, quarante-huit personnes trouvent la mort sur l'île de Santa Maria, dans l'archipel des Açores. Il n'y aucun survivant. Outre les noms de Marcel Cerdan et, peut-être, de Ginette Neveu, peu se souviennent de l'identité des victimes du crash du Constellation.

Le 27 octobre 1949, l'avion décolle de l'aéroport de Roissy. Onze personnes composent l'équipage : Jean de La Noüe, le commandant de bord est assisté de Charles Wolfer et de Camille Fidency, ses deux co-pilotes ; Roger Pierre et Paul Giraud sont responsables de la radio ; Jean Salvatori est à la navigation ; André Villet et Marcel Sarrazin occupent les fonctions de mécaniciens ; Suzanne Roig, celles d'hôtesse de l'air ; Albert Brucker et Raymond Redon, celles de stewards. L'avion se dirige vers New-York avec à son bord trente-sept passagers : Marcel Cerdan voyage avec son manager, Jo Longman, et son ami Paul Genser ; Ginette Neveu est accompagnée de son frère Jean ; les autres passagers se nomment John et Hanna Abbott,  Mustapha Abdouni, Eghline Askhan, Joseph Aharony, Jean-Pierre Aduritz, Jean-Louis Arambel, Françoise et Jenny Brandière, Bernard Boutet de Monvel, Guillaume Chaurront, Thérèse Etchepare, Edouard Gehring, Remigio Hernandores, Simone Henessy, René Hauth, Guy et Rachel Jasmin, Kay et Ketty Kamen, Emery Komios, Ernest Lowenstein, Amélie Ringler, Yaccob Raffo, Maud Ryan, Philippe et Margarida Sales, Raoul Sibernagel, Irène Sivanich, Jean-Pierre Suquilbide, Edward Supine et James Zebiner.

Ils étaient journalistes, bergers, bergères, hommes d'affaires, artiste peintre, ouvrière, étudiante, industriels, avocats... Pour en savoir plus sur leurs vies, sur leurs destins, sur les dernières heures de ce voyage vers New York, je vous conseille la lecture de Constellation, récit passionnant écrit par Adrien Bosc, paru aux éditions Stock en 2014.

[the-penny-dreadfuls]

Donna Sue Davis was considered “the darling of the neighborhood”. That, in fact, is what everyone called her. The happy baby was adored by those living in Sioux City, Iowa and was especially beloved to her family. It was hard not to love Donna Sue. With her blonde curly lochs and sparkling blue eyes, she looked every bit of a living Kader baby doll. At twenty-one months, Donna Sue was the youngest of James and Mary Davis’ three children. They lived together on the first floor a neat, white duplex on Isabella Street. It was considered the ideal place to raise a family. Carefree children would run up and down the streets under their mothers’ watchful eyes. Summertime had always been considered a favorite season due to its jovial nature, but the summer of 1955 would change the neighborhood forever.

On the night of July 10th, 1955 Mary Davis tucked Donna Sue into bed. She placed some favorite toys - a teddy bear, a doll, and a red purse - inside the crib just in case the baby woke and needed comfort. Donna Sue was never far from her mother, though, as the crib was set at foot of her parents’ bed. After kissing her daughter goodnight, Mary opened the bedroom window in hopes of catching a breeze amidst the sweltering temperatures. Then, she goes to the living room to sit with her husband while she reads the paper.

Just after 9:30 PM George Berger, the Davis’ neighbor, notices a man cut through the hedges at the Davis house. It was dark, and too difficult to see exactly what the man was doing, but he seemed to be walking along the South side of the house. For a few short minutes the man disappears. Berger is about to brush off the incident when the man reappears. He walks across the yard in a hunched over position, now carrying a bundle in his hands. Berger is not the only neighbor to see him. Mr. and Mrs. Fjeldos, the couple living behind the Davis family, is alerted by the loud barking of their dog. Mrs. Fjeldos turns on their back yard light to see what all of the ruckus is about. The light reveals a strange man creeping down their alley way. Quickly, she alerts her husband, who goes after the man with a flashlight. The stranger tries to hide behind some bushes, but does not manage to escape. Mr. Fjeldos passes the flashlight off to his wife while he runs back inside to alert the police. Before the police can arrive, the man jolts through the alley, with Mr. Fjeldos right on his heels, and runs a block before he once again disappears into some bushes. He is never seen again.

A worn out Fjeldos returned to his home. He was standing outside, still waiting for the police to arrive, when a crowd of curious neighbors began to gather. Fjeldos was in the middle of telling them what had just happened when he was interrupted by a shrill scream. “My baby is gone!”

At 9:40 PM Mary Davis returned to her bedroom to check on Donna Sue. All she found was an empty crib. She and James search through the room just in case Donna Sue managed to climb out, but the baby was nowhere to be seen. What they did discover was the screen to the bedroom window was completely removed. James bolted downstairs to report the kidnapping.

Several other neighbors reported seeing a white male skulking around the neighborhood that night, but none were able to give a clear description of the suspect. He was believed to be in his 30’s, of average height, and wearing a white shirt with khacki pants. A man fitting this description was was seen by a Sioux citizen as he was driving near a motel. He passes a man in a white shirt and khaki pants standing by a black Charlovet van beside the road. In his arms was a baby. The scene was rather unusually considering it was past 10 PM, but the man drove on without giving it a second thought. He was not aware of the significance of that moment until he learned about the kidnapping. He was, however, able to remember the car had a Nebraska license plate.

A massive search carried out all of Sioux City. Everyone was desperate to help. Despite the tireless work of the police officers and many volunteers, little Donna Sue was not returned home. That afternoon a farmer by the name of Ernest Oehlerking was heading to Sioux City when a bright pink garment lying in the ditch caught his eye. Oehlerking stopped his tractor and got out to investigate. It was a pair of small pajama bottoms with a pair of rubber pants. Immediately, Oehlerking cancels his trip and hurries back home to alert the authorities. It would be his wife that would find Donna Sue. During the late afternoon of July 11th, 1955 Ernest’s wife, Genevieve, set out with Florence, her sister-in-law, set in their cars to search the area of William Oehlerking’s farm. With their daughters in tow, the drove along the road while keeping a sharp eye for another possible clue to the baby’s disappearance. The temperature that day blazed up to 96 degrees, but the women were determined to help a fellow mother, who was braving a nightmare miles away.

The quiet concentration is broken when one of the girls screams. Through sobs, she frantically tells the other passengers that she saw the baby’s body on the edge of a cornfield. They pull over to investigate. The girl was right; there, lying amongst broken corn stalks, was Donna Sue’s battered body. It takes only a glance for the Oehlerkings to know little Donna Sue had not died peacefully. Her body and face was littered with bruises, many of which are centered near her eyes. The pink pajama top that her mother had put on just the night before was wound tightly around her neck. The autopsy report would later reveal more grim and horrific details. In addition to the beating, the one-year-old suffered from a broken jaw. There were multiple cigarette burns on her buttocks, and she had been raped. The final cause of death was ruled as blunt force trauma. Investigators believed that the murderer threw Donna Sue out of his car as he drove away. The impact from the body broke several cornstalks. By the time she was found, Donna Sue had been dead nearly twelve hours when she was found.

Quickly, Genevieve and the children drove home to call the police. Florence remained in the cornfield, waiting, beside Donna Sue. She tore up a paper sack that she found nearby, and used it to cover up the baby in attempt to salvage her some dignity.

Once the case became a homicide the FBI became involved. Six federal agents were brought into investigate. J. Edgar Hoover, the FBI director at that time, made a public comment that, although simple, perfectly summarized the feelings of those in Sioux City. “Get him!”

Days after Donna Sue’s body being recovered, investigators interviewed several men that fit the description of the man who was seen prowling around the Davis’ neighborhood. One of these men were Otto Wennekamp, a thirty-year-old, who sometimes worked as a farm hand. He was taken in for questioning on July 13th after he attempted to trade in his car for a rental. An employee at the car rental business noticed that there were cigarette burns on the dashboard of Wennekamp’s car, and promptly contacted the police. Wennekamp was interviewed by FBI agents, but was ruled out as a suspect by his air tight alibi.

Because the case had become incredibly well known to the public, investigators received an overflow of tips. There were also confessions. A drifter appeared at the police department and began to tell officers how he killed Donna Sue. While his confession was disturbing, a further investigation proved that the drifter was in another state where he was working at carnival. He later recanted his confession.

A break in the case occurred six months later on December 10th, 1955. Thirty-two-year-old Virgil Vance was arrested for intoxication and disorderly conduct in Reno, Nevada. While in custody Vance, an Iowan native, told police that he had raped and murdered a little girl during the previous summer after stealing a car. The confession shared some strikingly similar details to what happened to Donna Sue. The FBI met with him, but just as it was with the drifter Vance changed his story. He was officially cleared as a suspect on December 20th.

After the summer of 1956 leads lessened and the case went cold. James and Mary Davis would not live to see justice for their baby girl. James passed away in 1996 at the age of seventy-nine. Mary passed away after a long battle of illness on February 13th, 2006. She was eighty seven-years-old. As of September 2018th the murder of Donna Sue Davis remains unsolved.

Photos from the Sioux City Journal

#Donna Sue Davis #True Crime #tcoriginal #cold cases #unsolved cases #child murder #tw child murder

[callumpughgreenscreenproject]

Historical Evolution Of Green Screen

Since the beginning of the moving image, the main concept that remains constant to this day is escapism. This implies that the moving image acts as a window into an alternate world that differs to our real one. As long as film has existed, so too has the use of special effects.

The green screen process is used expansively in present day, as it allows for a subject to be placed in a background/ setting that would be considered impossible by physical limitations, such as having a person being on the moon. but it took the roughly 100 years for this process to develop into what it is now.

The ‘Double Exposure’ process

This process was invented by french Illusionist and director ‘George Melies’ for (1898) ‘Four Heads Are Better Than One’

George Melies (1898). (1898) Four Heads Are Better Than One - Melies. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynxHE-T2UXc

This process involved painting out parts of the frame black to prevent exposure in these spots. The film would then be rewound and the footage that surrounded the blacked out parts previously would then be blacked out. the method of blacking out parts of the frame would act as matte. A double exposure would allow for the first use of compositing, with the live heads being composited to sit on the table.This method was primitive but it acted as an example to later film makers as to what was capable using matting to composite.

This double exposure method was used not long after this to create the impossible. Edwin S. Porter’s (1903) film ‘The Great Train Robbery’ used this method to composite in passing by scenery from the perspective of inside a train cart. filming actual footage of scenery passing by a train was not possible at this point because the technology was not developed yet to light both interior and exterior settings at the same time.

Minor advancements were made onto the double exposure process, such as the ‘glass shot’ method invented by Norman Dawn in 1907.

Norman Dawn (1907). Visual Effects: How Matte Paintings are Composited into Film. [image] Available at: https://www.rocketstock.com/blog/visual-effects-matte-paintings-composited-film/

Norman Dawn created glass matte paintings on glass, that would be positioned between the camera and the subject. This acted as a form of practical compositing.

The ‘Travelling Matte’/ ‘Williams Process’ 

Cinematographer Frank D. Williams developed a matting method that would allow for a matte to follow a moving subject in the foreground. This was done by filming the subjects against a black background and then copying the the film over and over until a high contrast, black and white negative silhouette was left. this silhouette would then act as a travelling matte on the background footage that followed the movement of the subjects. 

This process was also called the ‘Williams process’ and was famously utilised in John P. Fulton’s (1933) ‘Invisible Man’

John P. Fulton (1933). The 'Williams Process' applied to matte out subject. [image] Available at: https://moviehole.net/invisible-man-depp-out-moss-in/

For this film, the actor would be dressed in a full body black velvet suit against a black background, which would matte out the black screen and the skin of the actor. This left only the clothes on top visible. 

However, the ‘Williams Process’ was flawed, in that any shadow on the subject could not be carried over by the matte.

The ‘Dunning Process’/ Blue Screen 

C. Dodge Dunning invented a matting process that consisted of using a blue background and using colour lights to light the subject yellow. Then a series of filters were applied to separate the blue and yellow light, thus making a travelling matte.

Directors: Merian C. Cooper, Ernest B. Schoedsack, TM & © Warner Bros. (1933) (1933). King Kong (1933) - Beauty Killed the Beast Scene (10/10) | Movieclips. [image] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMNICLfHE3M

The ‘Dunning Process’ was famously used in (1933) film ‘King Kong’ by directors Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Shoedsack. the process allowed for the human subjects to be composited to a small size against King Kong and onto a background that would have been impossible to film at the time.

‘3 strip Technicolor Process’

The ‘Dunning process’ was restricted to monochromatic film and therefore would pose a problem as technicolour film would start emerging.

For the (1940) film ‘Thief In Bagdad’ by directors Michael Powell, Ludwig Berger and Tim Whelan, special effects artist Larry Butler came up with a process that involved using a blue screen.

directed by Michael Powell, Ludwig Berger, and Tim Whelan (1940). Thief of Baghdad - GIANT GENIE Movie Scene. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LNrYyVTq2g&t=18s 

In this film, the genie was matted using blue screen and the scaled up against the background. Blue screen was used at the time because blue film stocks contained the least amount of grain and blue was the furthest they could get away from skin tone. 

The blue separation would be removed from the three technicolour negatives, resulting in a silhouette  travelling matte. The process was as follows: 

Removing the blue screen background.

removing space in the background plate using the travelling matte of the foreground plate.

Then combining both the subject foreground plate and the background plate together.

Luckily this process of combining film was made easier by the existence of the optical printer. 

However, this process had with the blue bleeding through into the outline of the matted subject and it could not matte images with finer details such as hair or smoke. Even with it’s flaws, this development in compositing allowed for coloured film to be manipulated.

The ‘Sodium Vapour’ Process

In the mid 1950s, Engineer/ Visual Effects pioneer Petro Vlahos, came up with the ‘Sodium Vapour’ process. This involved filming the subject in normal lighting, against a white screen, which would be lit using sodium vapour lights. These lights were used because the light they emitted had a very specific wavelength that could be separated from the subject. The light of the image would be split of by a specially coated prizm, inside a 3 technicolour camera. the sodium vapour light would be split onto a black and white film, thus making an automatic travelling matte, whilst the normal light was split onto normal film.

This process worked much more successfully than the blue screen process and was used by Disney in the 60s/70s but first implemented by Disney in (1964) ‘Mary Poppins’ to seamlessly composite the human characters into the matte painting, appearing alongside cel animated characters.

Walt Disney Records (1864). Mary Poppins Chalk Drawing Scene. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zy7XEMeBROQ 

Unfortunately, Disney owned the only camera that had this capability, so only Disney films such as ‘Bed Knobs And Broom Sticks’ could use this process.

Other film companies were looking for a method that would not suffer from the drawbacks of blue screen but would also be universally available to them. Therefore, Petro Vlahos worked on an experimental process that would involve separating the reds, greens and blues of each frame and then reconstituting them in a specific order.

Directed ByCecil B. DeMille, Distributed By Paramount Pictures (1956). The Parting Of The Red Sea - The Ten Commandments 1956. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3CANELyPo0

This process was used in (1956) ‘Ten Commandments’ by director Cecil B. DeMille and was able to composite the people into scenery of a parted ocean. For the next 40 years or so, Petrov’s new blue screen process would be made use of.

Although effective, The process was complicated and proved to be time consuming to do to each frame. It wouldn’t be until the introduction of digital technology that the art of compositing would become more streamlined and complex in world building.

Green Screen/ Chroma Keying 

Digital cameras use a sensors known as a Bayer pattern, which consists of double the green sensors compared to the blue and green. This meant that digital cameras were more sensitive green luminance and therefore was easier to subtract. It should be noted that green is an uncommon colour in costumes, it works well in outdoor lighting and a green screen requires less lighting to key.

Of course, blue screen is also still used today in this process but depending on the scene, either one is used.

Used Sources: 

Filmmaker IQ (2013). Hollywood's History of Faking It | The Evolution of Greenscreen Compositing. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8aoUXjSfsI 

Parkinson, S. (2015). The History of Green Screen - Camberwell Studios. [online] Camberwell Studios. Available at: http://www.camberwellstudios.co.uk/blog/greenscreen/the-history-of-green-screen.html