The tale of L'Inconnue de la Seine, or the Unknown Woman of the Seine, revolves around a death mask created from the face of a woman purportedly found in the 1800s, having allegedly taken her own life and retrieved from the Seine river near Quai du Louvre in Paris.
According to legend, the pathologist conducting her post-mortem was so struck by her beauty that he had a mask made to immortalize it. However, skepticism arose over the years due to the serene and flawless expression on the mask, leading some to speculate it was taken from a living model rather than a deceased body.
Despite the mystery surrounding her true identity, the visage of this woman became a popular decorative item, widely produced and adorning many homes in the early 1900s.
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Death Mask of Dante Alighieri located at the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, Tuscany, Italy.
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look at how beautiful this is!
(in Ancient arts of Central Asia, Tamara Albot Rice 1965)
(which is by all accounts a very bad and outdated book but the pictures are nice).
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Death Mask of Napoleon by René Magritte
From “The Future of Statues” / “L’Avenir des statues”
The clouds painted onto the face of the deceased Napoleon evokes the expression, “to have your head in the clouds.” Meant to reflect on the nature of Napoleon’s life and career, he is depicted as Icarus flying too high into the sky, blinded by his dreams. It symbolizes the fleeting nature of one’s glory, the brevity of the sovereign, and the mortality of life.
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The death mask of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821 CE) was taken at St. Helena, created from a plaster cast of his face.
Before the invention of photography, it was common practice to make plaster or wax casts of the faces of famous people after they had died.
Mask was created 40 hours after (7 May 1821) his death on 5 May 1821, imprisoned on the island of St Helena at the age of 51.
After his defeat at Waterloo in 1815, Napoleon had been exiled to St. Helena, a tiny island in the South Atlantic.
Here, British, German, Austrian, Russian, and Spanish allies hoped to keep the former emperor from ever threatening European peace again.
There is controversy over who made the original cast of Napoleon’s features (7 May 1821).
Some believe that it was Napoleon’s own doctor, Francois Carlo Antommarchi, while others say it was an army surgeon called Francis Burton.
Probably more than one cast was made, as four original casts are said to exist today.
In any event, numerous copies in bronze and marble appeared on the market as soon as the original casts reached Paris.
In the death mask above, Napoleon looks serene and youthful.
However, in reality, he had been suffering terrible ill health and pain in the last months of his life and looked emaciated and prematurely old.
Since arriving at St. Helena at the end of 1815, he had led a miserable and frustrating existence.
Longwood House, where he lived with his staff, was damp, unhealthy and infested with vermin.
He spent his time dictating his memoirs, playing cards and taking long baths.
He detested the governor, Sir Hudson Lowe, who was afraid that he might escape and constrained him with petty rules and wrangles.
The cause of Napoleon’s death has been hotly debated for years but the fact is that the English doctors and Antommarchi, who did the autopsy, found widespread stomach cancer.
Further contention surrounded his burial in a glade on the island. Lowe and Napoleon’s attendants could not agree on the wording of the headstone, so it was left blank.
Despite his obscure end, the Napoleonic legend lived on in France.
Finally, in 1840, the ex-emperor got the send-off he craved. His remains were removed from St. Helena and given a magnificent state funeral in Paris.
Thousands lined the route of the cortege to Les Invalides where he was reburied in an elaborate sarcophagus with detailed inscriptions of his triumphs.
Musée de l'Armée, Paris
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