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#chemical reaction
logwire · 1 year
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"Output Plan of Idols"  NAO  Koike
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romanowork · 1 month
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kingdrawcse · 3 months
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Name Reaction, The Schotten–Baumann reaction
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The Schotten–Baumann reaction is a method to synthesize amides from amines and acid chlorides: Schotten–Baumann reaction also refers to the conversion of acid chloride to esters. The reaction was first described in 1883 by German chemists Carl Schotten and Eugen Baumann.
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bearswithpartyhats · 4 months
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I recently learned at Rhys Darby is the voice actor for the fisherman in moominvalley and my life is changed. This man has snuck into so many hyperfixations. Who even is he? The love of my life truly.
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whats-in-a-sentence · 8 months
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An example is the reaction of aluminium metal with hydrochloric acid (see figure 3.4).
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"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.
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gummi-stims · 1 month
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Hey! Was wondering if I could get a stimboard of Gordon Freeman (freemind) from Freeman’s Mind? I noted that tou said no AUs in your pinned post: would this be acceptable or doable? If not that’s completely fine! Have a good day! :)
// 🔧 anon
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While you could definitely count this as an au thing, I'm gonna allow it because there's a whole youtube series behind it and I've done boards for characters from youtube series a few times before. Hope I did okay!
👨‍🔬-🔬-👨‍🔬
🧪- x -🧪
👨‍🔬-🔬-👨‍🔬
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xxwritemeastoryxx · 1 year
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Chemical Reaction Ch. 4
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Author: xxwritemeastoryxx
Pairings: Eventual Tony Stark x Fem!reader
Word Count: 2K
Warnings: In compairson to other things, this really tame. But mentions of bruising, 'hospital' setting, and overall angsty feelings.
Author's Note: I had half a mind not to finish this series. But the part of me that keeps saying 'write it for yourself' is very loud and I can't block her out. Plus Im hoping tht after some time away from it, ya'll will suddenly flood it. Either way, I'm writing it. Also! I'm implementing a library method to hopefully make it so Tumblr won't force you to miss something! So be sure to follow @xxwritemeastoryxxlibrary and turn on notifications 💕
I do not and will not ever give permission for my fics to be copied and posted on other sites. Don’t do it. Don’t be that person that ruins it for me and everyone else.
Feedback gives me life and motivation for future things. While likes are appreciated, reblogs are gold. Seriously, if you enjoyed this in the slightest, please reblog ♥
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Tony’s thumb gently rubbed over the small double helix segment that was now embedded in Y/N’s skin. The same one that matched his that had shown up out of nowhere in the last several hours. One that he had tried to remove from his skin several times before finding its twin on her wrist.
Each time his thumb moved over the marking, he hoped in some way it would vanish. But after several minutes of trying, it was evident that both marks wouldn’t be leaving any time soon. And as disbelief vanished and reality set in, Tony knew that this had everything to do with the component.
It was proof that the component had altered both of their DNA without needing to look at the results of the bloodwork. Proof that the both of them currently had something they had no understanding of running through their veins.
“What did we get ourselves into?” The words were more to himself than to Y/N. He was sure that Y/N couldn’t hear him with her current sedation.
He closed both of his hands around Y/N’s, holding her hand tightly within them. Even with holding her hand for the few minutes that he had been, her hand was still cold in comparison to his. How differently her hand felt in comparison to the week beforehand.
Tony may have been grabbing her hand to stop her in her haste to get started on deconstructing the gun, but her hand was warm. Now, her circulation was poor enough that her extremities were growing colder by the minute.
After another moment, Tony opened his mouth to say something else before closing it rather quickly. He didn't know how to do this. He didn't know how to sit beside someone in a hospital bed and not just simply stare at the person. He didn't know how to speak to Y/N without it feeling off in a way.
Tony believed his words would go unheard if he spoke to her. With that belief it felt pointless to try to tell her anything. To tell her how guilty he felt. To tell her how sorry he'd been about the whole situation.
"I-" A sigh passed his lips. How could he easily talk to her, insult her, give her nicknames and work with her, but not get the words out now? "I know I'm not your favorite person to be around. But I need you to wake up. Wake up and kick me out of the room. Anything is better than seeing you like this." His eyes flickered to the monitor above her bed. A thought crossed his mind and he couldn't stop the words from spilling. "Or don't because I can sit here and talk your ear off with…useless ramblings since there's no definite way to prove you are listening. I can spill all my darkest secrets and wouldn't be able to tell a soul."
His head bowed down, his eyes moving from their hands down to the marbled floor beneath them. "Please wake up sleeping beauty." The words had barely been a whisper.
“Blood analysis is back.” Natasha said walking into the room a moment later
Tony hadn’t moved to remove his hands or even lean back away from Y/N. He simply lifted his forehead and looked over at Natasha. “Let me guess. Anomalies throughout both of them. All of them similar to the readings JARVIS had taken?”
Natasha’s eyebrow raised. “If you already knew, why have the analysis done?”
“Validating theories.” He gave a slight nod of his head before looking towards Y/N. “Was it similar to what Hydra had for the two hostages?”
Natasha walked further into the room, coming to a stop beside the bed. Just as she had done every time she came in to spend time with Y/N, she took in every detail of her to see if there were any noticeable changes. But every time she did, there were hardly any.
More discolored bruises as her body attempted to heal. The endless beeping and noises from the machines around them. And the monitors showing everything she was hooked up to was keeping her stable.
“Eerily similar.” She noted as she took a hold of Y/N’s left hand. “However Y/N’s samples aren’t anywhere close to being as fatal as the woman's was at this time frame. Hours after the blast, they declined at the same rate.”
“Shows that there are differences in our cases.” His hands had subconsciously squeezed in comfort.
"Based on Day 8 notes, which is where we're currently at, she's holding steady. Her scans from this morning are showing progress from her bones healing to her blood pressure rising in the right direction." Natasha's thumb gently ran over the back of Y/N's hand. "As long as she stays here, she's slowly getting better. Trying to move her anywhere seems like taking several hundred steps back."
"Then we don't move her until she's stable enough to not trigger a decline." He gave a nod of his head.
There was hope building within him. Hope that was trying to snuff out the guilt that had filled him since waking up and seeing Y/N in her bed. Hope that maybe she would survive what the component had done to her.
“You, on the other hand,” She looked over at him. “have healed at a slower rate than the man. But given the proximity that you two had been in, it makes sense.”
A huff of a chuckle passed his lips. “Not surprised by that either. Though it doesn’t explain why one of us is currently up and about and the other…”
He still couldn’t bring himself to say that Y/N was struggling to survive. He couldn’t allow himself to even begin to think that she wouldn’t make it another week. But if her levels were a lot steadier than the information they were currently working with, all the more reason not to say it at all.
After a moment, Tony shook his head, getting rid of the thoughts in his head. “She shouldn’t be in this bed.”
Natasha watched as Tony’s eyes scanned Y/N for the hundredth time since she stepped into the room. She noted how at times his eyes would glass over for a moment before he’d blink back the emotions that were building up within him. She also hadn’t missed the way Tony hadn’t let go of Y/N’s hand or the way every few moments his hold would tighten before loosening up.
She knew how much Tony and Y/N bickered every time they needed to work together. When they weren’t fighting, they were like two kids in a candy store, but with science and tech. She’d seen several times while coming to visit Y/N where she’d stun even Tony with her ideas or details that worked better than Tony’s. Natasha had also known the pair to have the briefest moments between them where they laughed and enjoyed their time together.
And much like everyone else in the place, Natasha witnessed the way they threw a past event in each other’s face. It was surprising that the two never actually said what the event was. But the tension and the hurt in their voices afterwards proved time and time again that before becoming an Avenger or even an Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D., the two had been more than acquaintances that fight whenever they are forced to work together.
But this, how she currently saw Tony, was something Natasha believed she had never seen before. Natasha would have thought Tony would be down in the lab already scouring for a way to help Y/N. He would be neck deep in the research of the component to find the answers to the questions he had asked several hours ago. Yet he hadn’t left the med bay since he had woken up.
He hadn’t eaten or cleaned himself up. He had still been in the set of med bay scrubs he’d been wearing while recovering and his beard hadn’t been touched up to its normal shape. Any other time Tony would have been up, out of the med bay, and in his normal attire and cleanliness. He may have looked healthy, but Natasha could see how this was haunting him.
“It’s not your fault Tony.” Natasha said as she gave Y/N’s hand a gentle squeeze before bring it down to rest on her stomach. Her fingers slowly moved out from beneath Y/N’’s fingers as she moved her eyes towards the monitor beside her bed. “You didn’t do this to her.”
Tony scoffed. “No but I was too busy arguing with her to notice what was going on right under our noses. If I hadn’t-” His mind instantly went to the conversation before the blast. The things he had been saying to her were nothing she hadn’t heard before. But it was the one insult he was about to toss at her that weighed the most and the words didn’t even fully leave his lips. “Before the component went off, I practically told her that she was no better than Hydra.”
Tony leaned in closer to Y/N, placing his elbows onto the bed beside her, his hands never letting her hand go. His eyes moved over her face again, hoping that Y/N would give him some kind of sign that she’d make it through this. That she’d wake up and beat the current odds they were faced with.
“It was the heat of the moment, Tony.” Natasha’s eyes hadn’t moved from the monitor. Her eyes may have been taking in the information from the monitors, but she hadn’t missed the guilt that Tony’s words carried. “For as many times as I’ve heard you throw rocks at her, she continuously stood her ground against it.” Her eyes moved towards Tony. “She even threw a few of her own.” The slightest smile pulled at the corner of her lips. “She’ll wake up and throw bricks this time.”
Her words caused them both to chuckle. Tony shook his head before resting his chin on his and Y/N’s hands. Against his skin he could feel the warmth his hands had helped to warm hers up. But they were still colder in comparison to normal.
“I expect those bricks to hurt like a bitch when she does.” He looked over at Natasha.
“As long as I get to watch when she does.” She gave a slight shrug of her shoulders. In return, Tony rolled his eyes before turning his attention back towards Y/N. Again, she watched as Tony took in Y/N’s appearance. “I usually would wait and try to pry it out of her, but seeing as she isn’t currently talking, what happened between you two?”
An exaggerated sigh passed Tony’s lips before blowing a raspberry. “The better question to ask is what didn’t I do? You got a few more hours to spend visiting? There’s quite a list.”
“Summarize. It would make it so we’re not in here for another six hours.” She said with a tilt of her head.
“In a few sentences?” He took a moment to think of the simplest way to explain his long lists of acts against Y/N throughout their past. “I all but ripped out her heart and stepped on it before handing it back.”
“Sounds like you ran away from something.” She noted.
His hand once again tightened around Y/N’s for a moment. “Ran and hid behind a wall when all she wanted was to be there for me. I don’t blame her for hating me.”
A huff of a laugh passed her lips. “Something tells me she doesn’t hate you. Not in the way you may think. That wall you put up-” Her eyebrow raised slightly, catching Tony’s attention.
“What is it?”
“Did you see that?” She asked as her eyes stayed locked on the way Y/N’s hand rested on her stomach.
“No.” He said with a shake of his head as he looked down at the hand in question. Just as he had, Tony caught exactly what Natasha had noticed moments before.
At first both of them didn’t believe their eyes as they watched her hand. But a moment later, they watched as Y/N raised her pointer finger slightly before it fell back against the blanket beneath it.
For the first time in a week, Y/N moved her body on her own.
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thatshinx · 3 months
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You know when you listen to a song and immediately connect it to a character and now it’s inseparable from that character no matter what you do
this post is about the song Chemical Reaction by Will Wood and C!Tubbo
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stylistic-nightmare · 5 months
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Monstrosity - Chemical Reaction
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Odilon Redon - Boat with Two Figures, 1902.
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“The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances: if there is any reaction, both are transformed.”
Carl Gustav Jung
(Ravenous Butterflies)
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thoughtportal · 1 year
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Aug. 18, 2022
5 min read
A team of scientists has found a cheap, effective way to destroy so-called forever chemicals, a group of compounds that pose a global threat to human health.
The chemicals — known as PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances — are found in a spectrum of products and contaminate water and soil around the world. Left on their own, they are remarkably durable, remaining dangerous for generations.
Scientists have been searching for ways to destroy them for years. In a study, published Thursday in the journal Science, a team of researchers rendered PFAS molecules harmless by mixing them with two inexpensive compounds at a low boil. In a matter of hours, the PFAS molecules fell apart.
“I was truly shocked,” said Shira Joudan, an environmental chemist at York University in Canada who was not involved in the new research.
The new technique might provide a way to destroy PFAS chemicals once they’ve been pulled out of contaminated water or soil. But William Dichtel, a chemist at Northwestern University and a co-author of the study, said that a lot of effort lay ahead to make it work outside the confines of a lab. “Then we’d be in a real position to talk practicality,” he said.
Chemists first created PFAS compounds in the 1930s, and the chemicals soon proved to be remarkably good at repelling water and grease. The American company 3M used PFAS chemicals to create Scotchgard, which protects fabric and carpets. PFAS chemicals put the nonstick in nonstick Teflon pans. Firefighters began putting out fires with PFAS-laced foam. It’s easy to encounter PFAS in our everyday lives, including in the dental floss we thread between our teeth and the food wrappers used in restaurants.
They’re also harmful. Even low chronic levels of PFAS exposure have been linked to an increased risk of cancer, liver damage, low birth weight and reduced immunity.
“Nearly every American has them in their bodies,” said Tasha Stoiber, a senior scientist at Environmental Working Group, an environmental advocacy group that conducts research on PFAS chemicals.
Handling a PFAS-laced food wrapper or wearing a pair of jeans treated with the chemicals can expose people to their dangers. But PFAS chemicals can also reach us through the environment.
They are released into the air from factories that use them in manufacturing. Some companies have dumped PFAS chemicals, which have spread into rivers and groundwater. The Department of Defense has sprayed PFAS chemicals on its bases during firefighting training exercises.
Once PFAS chemicals escape into the environment, they are pretty much there for good because their molecular structure lets them resist decay. Each molecule is a long carbon chain studded with fluorine atoms. The bonds between the carbon and fluorine are so strong that they can’t be broken by water, enzymes from bacteria or other natural substances.
As a result, PFAS chemicals have accumulated in water and soil across the planet. Earlier this month, a team of scientists reported that they could even find PFAS in raindrops falling on Tibet and Antarctica. Many of the samples they analyzed had PFAS concentrations higher than the level the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers safe.
“We’ve really polluted the whole world with this stuff,” Dr. Dichtel said.
Although the dangers of PFAS have been known for years, governments have been slow to grapple with them. In June, the Biden Administration announced new measures to monitor the chemicals, cut down on their release and deal with the damage they can do to human health.
A crucial step in undoing the damage of PFAS chemicals is removing them from the environment. Dr. Dichtel has been a part of this effort, inventing sticky polymers that can pull the molecules out of contaminated water.
But on its own, filtering out PFAS is not a complete solution. “Most technologies for PFAS treatment in use today only serve to remove PFAS from water, but that just concentrates the PFAS wastes,” said Timothy Strathmann, an environmental engineer at the Colorado School of Mines.
A common method to get rid of this concentrated PFAS is to burn it. But some studies indicate that incineration fails to destroy all of the chemicals and lofts the surviving pollution into the air. In May, the Defense Department halted its incineration of fire-suppressing foam.
Chemists have been searching for safer ways to get rid of PFAS, but it’s been difficult to find methods that are cheap and safe. In 2020, Dr. Dichtel stumbled across a possible treatment that was surprisingly simple.
At the end of a PFAS molecule’s carbon-fluorine chain, it is capped by a cluster of other atoms. Many types of PFAS molecules have heads made of a carbon atom connected to a pair of oxygen atoms, for example.
Dr. Dichtel came across a study in which chemists at the University of Alberta found an easy way to pry carbon-oxygen heads off other chains. He suggested to his graduate student, Brittany Trang, that she give it a try on PFAS molecules.
Dr. Trang was skeptical. She had tried to pry off carbon-oxygen heads from PFAS molecules for months without any luck. According to the Alberta recipe, all she’d need to do was mix PFAS with a common solvent called dimethyl sulfoxide, or DMSO, and bring it to a boil.
“I didn’t want to try it initially because I thought it was too simple,” Dr. Trang said. “If this happens, people would have known this already.”
An older grad student advised her to give it a shot. To her surprise, the carbon-oxygen head fell off.
It appears that DMSO makes the head fragile by altering the electric field around the PFAS molecule, and without the head, the bonds between the carbon atoms and the fluorine atoms become weak as well. “This oddly simple method worked,” said Dr. Trang, who finished her Ph.D. last month and is now a journalist.
Unfortunately, Dr. Trang discovered how well DMSO worked in March 2020 and was promptly shut out of the lab by the pandemic. She spent the next two and a half months dreaming of other ingredients which she could add to the DMSO soup to hasten the destruction of PFAS chemicals.
On Dr. Trang’s return, she started testing a number of chemicals until she found one that worked. It was sodium hydroxide, the chemical in lye.
When she heated the mixture to temperatures between about 175 degrees to 250 degrees Fahrenheit, most of the PFAS molecules broke down in a matter of hours. Within days, the remaining fluorine-bearing byproducts broke down into harmless molecules as well.
Dr. Trang and Dr. Dichtel teamed up with other chemists at U.C.L.A. and in China to figure out what was happening. The sodium hydroxide hastens the destruction of the PFAS molecules by eagerly bonding with the fragments as they fall apart. The fluorine atoms lose their link to the carbon atoms, becoming harmless.
“Once you give it a chance, this thing will unzip,” Dr. Dichtel said.
Dr. Strathmann, who was not involved in the research, said that the new study was important because it was based on chemistry profoundly different from other methods that were being studied. “We’re going to need some creative solutions,” he said.
Dr. Dichtel and his colleagues are now investigating how to scale up their method to handle large amounts of PFAS chemicals. They’re also looking at other types of PFAS molecules with different heads to see if they can pry those off as well.
“It’s a huge challenge, but it’s in our grasp,” he said.
“This research is desperately needed,” Dr. Stoiber said. But she cautioned that even if the new technique works outside the lab, it will not solve the PFAS problem all by itself because the scale of the problem has gotten so big — and is getting bigger.
Scientists estimate that over 50,000 tons of PFAS are emitted into the atmosphere each year. Meanwhile, chemical companies are inventing new PFAS molecules at a brisk clip.
“The reality of the situation is that there is really no magic solution right now other than undertaking the hard work of recognizing just how difficult the problem is and turning off the tap so that we don’t make it any worse,” she said.
Carl Zimmer writes the “Matter” column. He is the author of fourteen books, including “Life's Edge: The Search For What It Means To Be Alive.”  @carlzimmer • Facebook
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bodyalive · 2 years
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Romina G Psicología con amor
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Neurologist Rebecca Saxe presented the most beautiful “photo” of the year. It's the image of a MRI captured when a mother kisses her two-month-old son. Lips placed on the toddler's head immediately cause a reaction in his brain. Dopamine is released, which gives the feeling of well-being, but also oxytocin, baptized as the love hormone, because it is responsible for the affection and attachment. Kissing causes a chemical reaction in the toddler's brain. Reduces fear and increases confidence, provokes feelings of affection and attachment, a sign that the baby understood that he is protected. Vasopresin, the "glue" that connects mothers to babies in their first months of life and serotonin, is also released, which regulates the mood.
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romanowork · 6 days
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kingdrawcse · 21 days
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The Barton decarboxylation
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The Barton decarboxylation is a radical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is converted to a thiohydroxamate ester. The product is then heated with a radical initiator and a suitable hydrogen donor to afford the decarboxylated product. This reaction is named after Derek Barton.
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purple-heart-x · 2 years
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A Trade- Chapter 3
How could you! Anons and followers of “A Trade”, you’ve captured my brain with your asks and interactions. Instead of being a productive human, I’ve stayed up all night writing. >:0 So fine, take this, and enjoy <3 **Warning- This is The Whump Chapter™. Please check the tags if you may be uncomfortable. I’ve put the tags specific to this chapter before any others. Stay safe! --- Tags: @shydragonrider
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He had considered having a safety measure in place, but for the first time in his life, he was finally free. As "Supervillain" he had always had to be on the run, had to be careful, to clean up every single track he left. But now, with the Operator...
He let out a giggle. It had seemed so stupid, so stereotypical, before this moment, yet the actualization of his plan for the first time in- ever, he realized, was too sweet not to celebrate.
He had practiced so many times that he was sure he could do it. He added the reagent into the tiny slot in the cube, watching through his night goggles with glee as the reaction began.
In the next moment, the lenses shattered and he was plunged into darkness.
And the next, blinding light filled his vision as the ground began to shake.
He was thrown to the ground by the explosion, as was most of the building. Half of it managed to remain standing, while the other half- directly above him- collapsed. With the wind knocked out of him, he could only flail for a moment before something slammed into him from behind.
Stars sparked in his vision as he gasped for air, still scrabbling for hold amongst the debris. The interwoven beams from the ceiling had crashed on top of him, trapping him not only across the waist, but also by his ankle. He could barely feel the ankle, and, sure that it was broken, tried his best to keep still.
He didn't succeed.
The beam that had fallen across him, covering the whole of his back, had been supporting several pipes, probably rain gutters, which also fell on top of him. But the tips of those pipes was angled directly at the Operator and its reaction. Even from ten feet away, he could clearly feel the heat from it. Not just on his face, but on his back. As the water inside those pipes began to be heated- to boil, even- the metal began to heat as well.
No matter how much Supervillain writhed and struggled, he was hopelessly pinned.
Finally, he could no longer hold back a scream as his skin was scorched. He flailed wildly, panic and pain clouding his logic. He tried to destroy one of the pipes to no avail; another, the same. Finally, he broke through the last.
As water dripped down the pipe, fed through the ceiling, the steam travelled right back up and out of the hole. Directly onto his skin.
He screamed his throat raw, straining to escape the agony. His skin was burning up, moisture only adding more heat and more tears to his eyes. His heart was pounding as he tried to drag his body away, blind panic weakening his struggles.
After he had exhausted himself, he began to black out, fading out of consciousness only to return still screaming, for hours. Desperate, terrified, and alone, he begged for help, for rescue. For someone, anyone to please, do something, stay with him, help him, please.
Eventually, he could barely think, succumbing to wordless cries and sobs.
He had hidden the Operator so far in the dense, dense forest, that no one would ever find him.
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euesworld · 2 years
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"Sunshine is a smile beaming from the sky to touch your skin and cause a chemical reaction which releases it inside of your body, that's why it feels good.."
Let's liquefy your smile and take it to the veins - eUë
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