Like roads in a city, veins in your body need careful mapping. When they don’t stick to the plan, sporadic vascular malformation – malformed veins – occur, causing pain and disfigurement. These veins form lesions containing genetically faulty cells (mutants). Currently, lesions often recur after treatment. Researchers now search for new therapeutics by growing mutant endothelial cells (ECs), collected from the veins of patients, in dishes. RNA sequencing revealed mutant ECs produced the signalling molecule TGFa. Fluorescence microscopy revealed when supporting cells from lesions (stromal cells) were grown alongside normal ECs, they triggered more EC sprouting (pictured, middle, right) compared with non-lesion stromal cells (left). Next, by grafting mutant ECs into mice, they found EC-produced TGFa triggered stromal cells to release the signalling molecule VEGFA. This caused EC sprouting and malformed veins. Treating mice with afatinib, a drug that interferes with VEGF signalling, decreased lesions, suggesting it may be a useful therapeutic.
Written by Lux Fatimathas
Image from work by Suvi Jauhiainen and Henna Ilmonen, and colleagues
A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Published in eLife, May 2023
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I then went to the relief print studio and des cut me two small blocks of Lino to carve my veins into. I used the really old printing press to print my design onto paper. Des showed me how to mix the ink and how to properly prepare to print. I layered the blocks onto eachother using different transparency. I used blue and red colours to symbolise the real blue and red veins in the body.
I wanted to show the movement of the veins and how they overlap eachother inside the body.
I Hope to use this stamp in textiles when I use fabric.
I think capillaries are a great example of really stupid design.
They are microscopic vessels and can only handle a few RBCs at a time rushing through, and that works fine in the brain but by the time you get to the spleen, you need to allow large molecules to filter through and our body was like "oh these vessels with a large defect that causes them to be literally COVERED IN HOLES is good enough"
If an intelligent creator designed this system, they were definitely HIGH off their ASS because ain't no way that's the best you can come up instead of idk, just increasing the fucking size!?!?!??!?!?!?!?
Our body is cobbled together and I'm amazed it can even function with how stupidly complex the system is.
Hey! I am coming to you with another post about DIY cosmetics, this time it will be a homemade DIY serum for capillaries and face erythema made of semi-finished natural products.
Every heartbeat sends around a quarter of your blood volume to your brain, mainly via the blood-brain barrier – a network of blood vessels that don’t allow large molecules to leak out. However, certain parts of your brain have leakier blood vessels called fenestrated capillaries that do allow large molecules through. Researchers investigate how these vessels form using fluorescence microscopy of zebrafish brains with fluorescently-tagged blood vessels (pictured). They focused on signalling pathways already implicated in blood vessel development, Wnt and VEGF. Zebrafish lacking certain Wnt signalling molecules (bottom, top right) had severely disrupted blood-brain barrier vessels compared with normal brains (top left) while fenestrated capillaries were unaffected. Conversely, in zebrafish lacking different combinations of VEGF members, fenestrated blood vessels were severely disrupted. Notably, VEGFC and/or VEGFD were vital for fenestration and in certain regions, fenestration involved VEGFC interacting with VEGFA. A VEGF cocktail is, therefore, essential for developing fenestrated capillaries.
Written by Lux Fatimathas
Image from work by Sweta Parab and colleagues
Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Published in eLife, May 2023
You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook
The Cheerios in your morning cereal clump together with one another and the bowl's wall due to an attractive force caused by the curvature of their menisci. A recent study looks at how this effect changes when you're pulling objects out of the liquid. (Image credit: Cheerios - D. Streit, experiment - H. Bense et al.; research credit: H. Bense et al.; via APS Physics)
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[And what do you remember most? The line of the sea, seceding the coast? Fine capillaries, glowing with cars? The comfort you drew from the light of the stars?]
iirc you take T by shots? (sorry idk the correct terminology) do you ever have difficulties or issues with needles? ive heard that taking T by shots is good but the idea of giving myself injections scares me
fwiw i have a horrible fear of injections and ive been doing my own shots for 2 yrs now no problems. the first time i did it was with a nurses supervision and my hands shook like crazy the whole time LOL but its really simple and only takes a few minutes so its over pretty quick
i also have a type of T that injects every 3 weeks bc of hrt restrictions in my country, standard subq injections are weekly or biweekly and much less painful because youre injecting less fluid. but even then ive gotten comfortable enough with my injections to bump up the needle gauge from the tiny ones i was using at first, so it gets easier with time