#anti-chiang kai shek coalition

[jakethesequel]

Things on my mind today because school research:

(Tldr: The Japanese government is dominated by a single party founded and maintained by a semi-secret society of fascists, former war criminals, ultranationalists, yakuza, cultists, and billionaires; brought together by CIA anti-communism efforts.)

Japan has had one political party in power almost continuously since 1955, only stepping down for a total 4 non-consective years: the broadly conservative Liberal Democratic Party

The LDP was formed by a merger between the Liberal Party and the Democratic Party. Instrumental in this was politician Nobusuke Kishi, a Democratic Party official formerly high up in the Liberal Party. He would represent the LDP as Japan's Prime Minister from 1957-1960

Previously, Mr. Kishi had been a minister in the government of Imperial Japan, considered a protégé of General Tōjō. Post-war he was imprisoned by the Allied Forces under charges of "class A" war crimes for being a major planner of the Japanese war effort. Other fascists held in the same cell were ultranationalist yakuza boss Yoshio Kodama, anti-communist millionaire and billionaire-to-be Ryōichi Sasakawa, and former Yomiuri Shinbun (Japan's preeminent conservative newspaper) owner Matsurarō Shōriki. The bonds they formed in Sugamo prison would become a lifelong secret society influencing Japanese politics.

All four were released from prison without ever facing trial for their war crimes charges. Why? The CIA was very concerned about communist influence in East Asia, and figured letting a handful of fascists go free would give them a very useful tool to suppress socialist movements in Japan.

Mr. Shōriki went on to found Japan's first commercial television broadcaster, Nippon TV. A few years later he became the first chairman of Prime Minister Kishi's new Japanese Atomic Energy Commission. Declassified documents have revealed that he did both those things because the CIA suggested that Japan should have a pro-US TV channel across the nation, and wanted to bring Japan into the sphere of influence of US nuclear technology

Mr. Kodama again became a leader in Japanese organized crime, bringing together a coalition of ultranationalist paramilitaries and yakuza families all committed to a shared right-wing ideology. With his thugs he broke strikes, beat protestors, threatened journalists, managed bribes, and laundered a ton of money, all in service of the LDP and the CIA. At least, until 1976, where he was publicly outed as the main facilitator for Lockheed Martin bribing its way into major Japanese government contracts to the tune of millions of dollars.

Mr. Sasakawa got mega rich off of rebuilding Japan's wartorn infrastructure and establishing a gambling industry. He called himself "the world's richest fascist." He funneled his profits into international political interest groups, like the World Anti-Communist League he founded with his buddies Syngman Rhee of South Korea and Chiang Kai-Shek of Taiwan.

Mr. Sasakawa's activist groups attracted the attention of Korean cult leader Sun Myung Moon, the founder of the Unification Church. The UC's eccentric adaptation of Christianity has a very political theology, and before anything else it's devoutly anti-communist. Mr. Sasakawa became a major financial supporter of the Church, and helped establish its presence in Japan. He connected Mr. Moon with Mr. Kishi, bringing him into the extended Sugamo circle.

Even after his reign as PM, Mr. Kishi remained a central figure in LDP decision-making. He and Mr. Sasakawa developed close ties between the cult and the LDP, and made sure they were regularly maintained. The LDP used Moonies as unpaid campaign assistants, and in exchange Japan became the primary source of the UC's financial support. The UC helped the LDP spread, and the LDP helped the UC spread, growing both.

When Mr. Sasakawa died, his son-in-law Shintarō Abe became the main ambassador of the UC-LDP alliance, which was stronger than ever. When Shintarō Abe died, his son Shinzō Abe (Mr. Kishi's grandson) took over managing UC-LDP affairs. The younger Mr. Abe became the LDP's Prime Minister of Japan from 2007-2008, had a second term from 2012-2020, and faced the consequences of his actions in 2022

Ps: If I've said anything incorrect or unsupported here do let me know, I'm working on an essay.

[fuzzysparrow]

In 1949, which Communist Party chairman founded the People's Republic of China?

On 1st October 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong (1893-1976) declared the creation of the People's Republic of China (PRC). This announcement, which took place in Tiananmen Square in Peking, now Beijing, officially ended the Chinese Civil War fought between the Kuomintang (KMT)-led Nationalist government of the Republic of China (ROC) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which lasted from 1927 to 1949.

The creation of the PRC signified that mainland China had officially become a Communist country. Popular support for the Communists increased during World War II, which made the ROC vulnerable to the Communist party. In 1945, the leaders of the Nationalist and Communist parties, Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, met for a series of talks about forming a post-war government. Whilst both agreed on the importance of democracy, they refused to form a coalition government.

The Chinese Civil War grew more intense between 1947 and 1949 with many cities converting to Communism. Whilst some coercion forced people to change their political affiliations, many people distrusted the ROC due to years of corruption and mismanagement.

The formation of the PRC meant the loss of anti-Communist allies, most notably the United States of America. For more than twenty years, there was very little contact, trade and no diplomatic ties between the two countries.

#Trivia #China

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

“Peiping Is Bombed,” Toronto Star. August 27, 1930. Page 19. ---- Capital of North Visited by National Aeroplanes --- Peiping, China, Aug. 27 - (UP). - Aeroplanes from the National government base at Tsinanfu bombed Peiping at 11 a.m. to-day The capital of the Northern army was panic-stricken as the explosives wrecked houses and buildings. There were no casualties. Four bombs were dropped inside the former Imperial palace court at Counghai, once the residence of the Manchus.

The bombing machines also flew over the legation quarter, but avoided dropping explosives on the foreign quarter.

#beijing #republican china #central plains war #中原大战 #kuomintang #national revolutionary army #civil war #nationalist china #anti-chiang kai shek coalition #air raid #terror from the air #aerial bombardment

[opedguy]

Blinken Bluffs on Taiwan

LOS ANGELES (OnlineColumnist.com), Nov. 10, 2021.--Secretary of State Antony Blinken, 58, told a New York Times forum today that the U.S. would take “unspecified action” in the event of a Mainland China attack on Taiwan.  Since Former President Jimmy Carter signed the 1979 Taiwan Relations Act, the U.S. committed to supplying Taiwan with defensive and offensive weapons needed to fend off a Chinese attack.  President Joe Biden, 78, created a big stir when he said Oct. 22 that the U.S. would come to the defense of Taiwan in the event of a Chinese attack.  Taiwan has enjoyed independence from Mainland China since the 1949 Maoist Revolution, when Chiang Kai-Shek led a band of anti-communist counter-revolutionaries to the Island of Formosa with U.S. help.  Since fleeing Communist China, Chinese nationalists in the Republic of China relied heavily on the U.S. to keep Beijing from seizing the island territory.   

           Blinken’s statement today offers nothing new the U.S. policy of strategic ambiguity, not saying exactly what the U.S. would do in the event of a Chinese military invasion.  Chinese President Xi Jinping has stated unequivocally that he considers Taiwan a part of Communist China, the same as Hong Kong.  U.S. and its allies consider Taiwan a different ball of wax, primarily because the Republic of China has been independent of Beijing since 1949.  China only started recently to assert sovereignty over Hong Kong, since the British Crown Colony lost its lease on the territory July 1, 1997.  China has flexed its muscles on a rebellious pro-democracy movement in Hong Kong, leading to tensions between Beijing and Washington.  China has certainly cracked down on Hong over the last two years, leaving not much remaining of any pro-democracy opposition.  Taiwan’s island geography keeps it independent.  

           Blinken was asked today what the U.S. would do in the event of a Mainland incursion into Taipei.  Blinken told the New York Times forum that the U.S. would take “unspecified action,” continuing the long policy of strategic ambiguity.  “At the same time, I think it’s fair to say that we’re not alone in this determination to make sure that we preserve peace and stability in that part of the world,” Blinken said, still not saying what the U.S. would do in the way of an action.  Unspecified action today is taken as collective economic sanctions, certainly not joining military coalition to expel Beijing from Taiwan.  “There are many countries, both in the region and beyond, that would se any unilateral action to use force to disrupt the status quo as a significant threat to peace and security, and they too would take action in the event that that happens,” Blinken said, clearly referring to economic sanctions. 

Blinken’s statements come at a time of tense relations with Beijing.  Since Biden accused Beijing of genocide against Muslim Uyghurs in Western China, U.S.-Chinese relations headed south.  Sending Blinken and 44-year-old National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan to Anchorage for a summit with China March 18, it didn’t take long for the meeting to deteriorate into name-calling. Since, Xi has shunned Biden, refusing to accept U.S. accusations about committing genocide in Xinjiang Province.  When Xi didn’t show up at Glasgow’s COP26 Climate Summit, Biden openly criticized Beijing for not taking it seriously.  Today’s announcement by Climate Czar John Kerry that Beijing and Washington would work together to reduce methane gas emissions showed the first positive sign in U.S.-Chinese relations.  Beijing has been escalating threats on Taiwan, flying bombing missions over the Taiwan Strait. U.S.-Chinese relations are at such a low point over the deadly novel coronavirus that there’s little the U.S. can do to placate Beijing.

  Biden told his 52-year-old Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines to determine the origin of the Covid-19 pandemic.  Beijing can’t keep its story straight, insisting the virus was made in America and exported by the U.S. military to Wuhan, China.  No one on the world stage believes for a second that the U.S. created  the deadly novel coronavirus.  Most believe now that the virus was engineered in a Wuhan Institute of Virology [WIV] lab, with joint efforts between China, the U.S. and foreign scientists.  So when it comes putting U.S.-China diplomacy back on track, there’s little the U.S. can do other stop blaming Beijing.  Today’s best evidence on the origin of the deadly virus points to WIV Chief Virology Shi Zhengli’s bioweaopns lab, not the U.S.

 Finding some common ground with Beijing on climate change, especially methane gas disposal, was a good first step by Kerry, maybe opening up some future doors.  But like so many other points of conflict, China continues to resist international norms in the South China Sea, bullying its neighbors in the Pacific Rim. When Biden announced a nuclear submarine deal with Australia Sept. 16, it infuriated Beijing.  So whatever common ground Kerry found on climate change, it’s small potatoes compared to other issues, including Blinken’s remarks today on Taiwan.  Blinken announced that Biden would hold a virtual summit with Xi, sometime as early as next week. Xi wants Biden to back off on blaming China for the deadly novel coronavirus.  Beyond that, China doesn’t want to hear more about the U.S. defending Hong Kong or Taiwan, both  sore points with Beijing.

 About the Author 

John M. Curtis writes politically neutral commentary analyzing spin in national and global news.  He’s editor of OnlineColumnist.com and author of Dodging The Bullet and Operation Charisma.  

[implexis]

1947

Jan 17   A harsh winter is aggravating Europe. There is economic stagnation, inflation, hunger and political unrest. Churchill is visiting the United States as a private citizen and asks the United States for help in policing Europe. Doing so is too much of a financial burden for Britain.

Jan 17  A US military unit has been in China to disarm the Japanese. The court martial of a US Marine begins, accused of raping a Peiping (Beijing) university student. The rape has touched off monstrous demonstrations across China against the US military presence, targeting China's government for allowing foreign troops on Chinese territory. The Pentagon believes that US forces are no longer needed in China. The Marines will be out by the end of May.

Jan 19  In Poland, a coalition dominated by the Communist Party wins 80 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections. Stalin is succeeding for the time being in having a friendly Poland between the Soviet Union and Germany.

Jan 21  The Soviet Union asks the UN Security Council to look into Britain's interventions in Greece and Indonesia.

Jan 28  Unhappy with the recent elections in Poland, the United States charges that the Provisional Government of Poland has "failed to carry out its solemn pledges" to conduct free and untrammeled elections as called for in the Yalta and Potsdam Agreements.

Feb 17  The US begins Voice of America radio transmissions into the Soviet Union, viewed by Russians as hostility.

Feb 28  Chiang Kai-shek, China's anti-Communist ruler, sends soldiers against rioting Taiwanese. Between 18,000 and 28,000 will be said to have been massacred. Many Taiwanese disappear.

Mar 12  To a joint session of Congress, President Truman proclaims what will become known as the Truman Doctrine. The US is to aide Greece and Turkey, to support "free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way." A few conservatives are opposed. One Congressman complains about do-gooders getting "us all broke."

Mar 19  Chiang Kai-shek's troops take control of Yenan, which had been a base for China's Communist Party. Chiang has created a National Assembly that the Communists think is bogus in that it does not have representation for those who side with them rather than with Chiang.

Mar 21 President Truman sees fears of a Communist takeover or influence on the US government as ridiculous, but he is responding to public pressure. He institutes a program of loyalty oaths for federal employees.

Mar 29  A nationalist group in Madagascar rises against French rule. The revolt spreads quickly, with some expecting help from the United States.

Apr 3  In the US, the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations is created under President Truman's Executive Order 9835. Among those on the list are 71 organizations and 11 schools viewed as "adjuncts of the Communist Party." Also on the list are the Ku Klux Klan and a patriotic society for Japanese veterans of the Russo-Japanese War.

Apr 15  Jackie Robinson begins playing baseball, at first base, for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

Apr 16  With "enemies" in mind the phrase "Cold War" is invented. In his home state of South Carolina, Bernard Baruch, multimillionaire financier and adviser to presidents, says "Let us not be deceived. We are today in the midst of a Cold War. Our enemies are to be found abroad and at home. Let us never forget this." Some in the US would think of Russia and communists as intent on destroying the US or at least intent on helping Americans change their way of life. Some others would think it a mistake to consider philosophical or political adversaries as enemies and that the "Cold War" was fiction.

Apr 18  Father Josef Tiso, wartime "leader" in Slovakia, is hanged.

Apr 22  In a game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Philadelphia Phillies, players for the Phillies shout continual abuse at Jackie Robinson, calling him "nigger" and advising him to go back to the jungle.

Jun 5  A few people in the US are concerned that hardship in Europe will bolster Marxist arguments and add to the appeal of Communism. At Harvard University, the US Secretary of State, George C. Marshall, outlines an economic recovery plan for Europe. He speaks of the need to protect political stability and peace. "Our policy, he says, "is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos."

Jun 30  In China, the Communists have begun mobile warfare against Chiang's government. They have crossed the Yellow River, recruiting people as they advance.

Jul 3  Stalin is hostile toward the Marshall Plan – not yet approved by the US Congress. He accuses the Western powers of seeking to divide Europe into two hostile camps.

Jul 11  A Czech delegation returns from Moscow and announces that the decision to receive Marshall Plan assistance has been cancelled.

Aug 14  Pakistan splits from India and gains independence from the British Empire.

Aug 15  India gains independence from the British Empire.

Sep 7  Stalin is worried about economic recovery in that part of Germany occupied by Britain, France and the United States. He proclaims that "imperialists want war."

Sep 9  In Argentina, women receive the right to vote

Sep 12  In Haifa, Palestine, a labor leader, Sami Taha, is assassinated.

Sep 13  Thousands of Arab workers form a funeral procession for Sami Taha. British authorities detain two Jewish women regarding the assassination.

Sep 16   Arab League Secretary Azzam Pasha rejects a Jewish plan for partition, saying. "Nations never concede, they fight." About the Jews fighting for partition he says "We shall try to defeat you. I am not sure we'll succeed, but we'll try. We were able to drive out the Crusaders, but on the other hand we lost Spain and Persia. It may be that we shall lose Palestine. But it's too late to talk of peaceful solutions."

Sep 19  The rightist Jewish guerrilla fighters, the Irgun, bomb a police station in Haifa, killing four British policemen, four Arab policemen, two Arab civilians and wound 46 others.

Sep 30  In the United States around 14,000 television sets are in use, and the World Series is televised for the first time.

Oct 16   Britain urges the United Nations to begin creating a suitable authority to replace the British administration of Palestine.

Oct 27  Film stars who belong to the Committee for the First Amendment arrive in Washington D.C. They include John Huston, William Wyler, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Danny Kaye and Gene Kelly. They are unhappy with the committee's investigation of communism in the film industry. They are for letting artists work free of government interference. Danny Kaye claims that the motion picture industry has not been putting propaganda into its work. Gene Kelly follows, saying: "As Mr. Kaye has remarked, its pretty hard to find any propaganda in pictures."

Nov 29  By a narrow margin, the United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution for the partition of Palestine. The Soviet Union and Truman administration have voted in favor. The resolution calls for Jerusalem to be under international control.

Dec 9   France has been paralyzed by a general strike, said to have been a Communist Party bid for power. The strike is considered a failure and called off.

Dec 16  William Shockley, at Bell Laboratories, invents the transistor, destined to replace glass tubes in electrical equipment.

Dec 25  The French have not yet completely suppressed the revolt in Madagascar. Around 60,000 people have died. Europeans and those friendly toward the French have been attacked and killed.

Dec 27  Greece's pro-monarchist government outlaws the country's Communist Party.

Dec 30  In Communist dominated Romania, King Michael, great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria, is forced to abdicate.

to 1946 | to 1948

[nebris]

The Sino-American Special Technical Cooperative Organization, also known as the Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO), was an organization created by the SACO Treaty signed by China and the United States in 1942 during the Second World War. It established a mutual intelligence gathering entity in China between the respective nations against Japan. It operated in China jointly along with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), America's first intelligence agency and forerunner of the CIA while also serving as joint training program between the two nations.

The first and last operational chief of the organization was Dai Li (Tai Li, Dai/Tai is the surname), head of Chiang Kai-shek's secret police, the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics. A fierce anti-communist and shadowy man of mystery, General Dai also commanded the Loyal Patriotic Army (LPA), a large militia force active in Japanese-occupied interior regions of China. Commander for the American forces was United States Navy Captain Milton E. Miles. "Mary" Miles, later a Vice Admiral, was commander of Naval Group China (NGC), the American Navy's intelligence unit in China during the war.

In April 1943, SACO began setting up camps (later known as units when Naval Group China was established) to train Chinese guerrillas in small arms, demolition, sabotage, combat techniques, radio handling, aircraft and ship recognition, and aerology.[1] Many, if not most, of the American instructors had backgrounds in law enforcement prior to the war. While some of the recruits the Chinese provided were unhealthy to some degree, they surprised their instructors with their willingness and ability to learn.[1]

About 2500 sailors and Marines trained and operated with Chinese guerrilla forces, often behind Japanese lines. Among all the wartime missions that Americans set up in China, SACO was the only one that adopted a policy of "total immersion" with the Chinese. The "Rice Paddy Navy" or "What-the-Hell Gang" operated in the China-Burma-India theatre, advising and training, forecasting weather and scouting landing areas for USN fleet and Gen Claire Chennault's 14th AF, rescuing downed American flyers, and intercepting Japanese radio traffic. An underlying mission objective during the last year of war was the development and preparation of the China coast for Allied penetration and occupation. The Foochow (Fujian Province) was scouted as a potential staging area and springboard for the future invasion of Japan.

In total, the guerrillas trained and supported by SACO/Naval Group China had destroyed more than 200 bridges, 84 locomotives, and 141 ships and river craft. Their activities were responsible for the deaths of around 71,000 Japanese military personnel, and the guerrillas themselves killed about 30,000- a rate of 2 1/2 Japanese for each weapon supplied to the guerrillas by SACO. This "kill ratio" was unmatched by any branch of the American military during the war.[1]  CAPT Miles deputy's estimate of Japanese deaths was a less generous 23,000.[2]

The official SACO organization dissolved in 1946 after the close of the war, with the subsequent departure of the Naval Group China. However some KMT loyal SACO-trained guerillas continued aggression against the CCP during the civil war 1946–1949. For a long period after the Communist takeover, SACO became associated with imperial foreign aggression and atrocities of the revolution were attributed to sinister US involvement. The Chinese government memorialized incidents of torture and massacre at Chongqing former SACO HQ at Happy Valley, and displayed the "Gele Mountain Revolution Memorial Museum" in Geleshan, citing American supplied handcuffs and weapons in the exhibition as evidence of American involvement. The coalition was blamed for atrocities committed years after dissolution, with no acknowledgement of SACO's participation in the war against Japan. Only recently has the government taken a position to "restore history's original face."

The 1953 movie Destination Gobi is a highly fictionalized account of one group of weather observers. SACO is specifically mentioned as their parent organization.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-American_Cooperative_Organization

[jamariyanews]

L’internazionale criminale: la Lega anticomunista mondiale

di Thierry Meyssan

Fondata a Taiwan da Chiang Kai-shek, Reverendo Moon e da criminali nazisti e di guerra giapponesi, la Lega anticomunista mondiale (WACL) con Nixon la prima volta estese i metodi contro-insurrezionali nel sud-est asiatico e nell’America Latina. Sette capi di Stato parteciparono alle sue riunioni. Poi, rediviva con l’era Reagan, divenne uno strumento del complesso militare-industriale degli USA e della CIA durante la Guerra Fredda. Gli furono commissionati omicidi politici e l’addestramento controinsurreazionale in tutti i conflitti, tra cui l’Afghanistan dove era rappresentata da Usama bin Ladin.

Rete Voltaire| Parigi (Francia) | 3 luglio 2016  

français  русский  Türkçe  Español  فارسى 

Alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale, i servizi segreti statunitensi utilizzarono fascisti, ustascia e nazisti per creare una rete di agenti anticomunisti: Stay-behind [1]. Se reclutati negli Stati Uniti i futuri agenti atlantici dovevano rimanere segreti, negli Stati sotto il controllo sovietico, al contrario, dovevano agire pubblicamente. Fu creata quindi, nel 1946, una sorta di ente internazionale per coordinare l’azione degli agenti orientali trasferiti in occidente: il Blocco delle Nazioni anti-bolsceviche (ABN). Fascisti ucraini, ungheresi, rumeni, croati, bulgari, slovacchi, lituani, ecc. si unirono sotto la guida di Yaroslav Stetsko. Ex-capo collaborazionista ucraino, Stetsko è considerato il responsabile del massacro di 700 persone, per lo più ebrei, a Leopoli del 2 luglio 1941.

Otto anni più tardi, alla fine della guerra di Corea, gli Stati Uniti sostituirono la Francia in Indocina [2]. Il presidente Eisenhower creò un sistema di difesa regionale diretto contro l’URSS e la Cina. L’8 settembre 1954, seguendo il modello della NATO, fu creata la SEATO che raggruppava Australia, Nuova Zelanda, Pakistan, Filippine, Thailandia, Regno Unito e Stati Uniti. Il 2 dicembre il dispositivo fu completato con un trattato di difesa bilaterale tra Stati Uniti e Taiwan [3]. In parallelo, la CIA, sotto la direzione di Allen Dulles, struttura i servizi spionistici di tali Stati e crea un’organizzazione di contatto tra i partiti anticomunisti nella regione. Quindi, viene creata attorno Chiang Kai-shek la Lega anti-comunista dei popoli dell’Asia (APACL). Oltre al presidente di Taiwan Chiang Kai-shek, l’APACL conta tra i suoi membri Paek Chun-hee, futuro presidente della Corea del Sud; Ryiochi Sasakawa, criminale di guerra divenuto milionario e benefattore del Partito liberale giapponese; e il Reverendo Sun Myung Moon [4], profeta della Chiesa dell’Unificazione. Inoltre, nelle file dell’APACL vi erano il generale Prapham Kulapichtir (Thailandia), il presidente Ferdinando Marcos (Filippine), il principe Sopasaino (Laos) [5] il colonnello Do Dang Cong, rappresentante del presidente del Vietnam Nguyen Van Thieu), ecc. L’APACL è sotto il controllo totale di Ray S. Cline, allora capo della stazione della CIA a Taiwan [6], e pubblica l’Asian Bulletin redatto da Michael Lasater, futuro capo del dipartimento dell’Asia della Heritage Foundation [7].

1967

La creazione della WACL

1976 The WACL 9th Conf. held at Seoul, Korea Dal 1958, il presidente del Blocco delle Nazioni anti-bolsceviche (ABN) presenziò a Taipei, in occasione della conferenza annuale della Lega anticomunista dei Popoli dell’Asia (APACL). Stetsko e Cline supervisionarono la fondazione della Political Warfare Cadres Academy di Taiwan, l’istituzione responsabile dell’addestramento dei quadri del regime di Chiang Kai-shek nella repressione anticomunista. L’accademia è l’equivalente asiatico del Psychological Warfare Center di Fort Bragg (Stati Uniti) e della Scuola delle Americhe a Panama [8]. Progressivamente, la CIA formò una rete di gruppi politici ed istruttori in controinsurrezione in tutto il mondo. Nel 1967, ABN e APACL si fusero denominandosi Lega anticomunista mondiale (World Anti-Communist League, WACL) estendendo le attività a tutto il “mondo libero”. Tra i nuovi membri vi erano i Los Tecos o Legione di Cristo Re, formazione fascista messicana creata durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale. La Lega nella prima fase conobbe un boom negli anni ’73-’75, quando Richard Nixon e il consigliere per la sicurezza Henry Kissinger occupavano la Casa Bianca.

Il suo finanziamento è assicurato generosamente dalla Chiesa della Riunificazione. Tuttavia, tale realtà non è più riconosciuta pubblicamente dal 1975. Il Rev. Sun Myung Moon disse poi di aver rotto i legami con la Lega, ma continuava ad esercitare la propria leadership tramite il suo rappresentante giapponese Osami Kuboki.

Il ruolo della WACL nell’attuazione dei piani Fenice (1968-1971) e Condor (1976-1977), con l’assassinio di migliaia di sospetti simpatizzanti del comunismo nel sud-est asiatico e in America Latina, non è sufficientemente documentato. L’Operazione Phoenix fu probabilmente applicata in Vietnam dal Joint Unconventionnal Warfare Task Force del maggiore-generale John K. Singlaub, poi presidente della WACL. Tuttavia, Singlaub ha sempre negato il coinvolgimento in tale operazione. D’altra parte, il generale Hugo Banzer, che impose la sua dittatura in Bolivia nel 1971-1978, presiedette la sezione latinoamericana della WACL. Banzer organizzò un piano per eliminare fisicamente i suoi oppositori comunisti nel 1975. Il piano Banzer fu presentato come modello da seguire in un vertice latinoamericano della WACL ad Asuncion, nel 1977, alla presenza del dittatore paraguaiano Alfredo Stroessner. Una mozione diretta a procedere nello stesso modo, l’eliminazione di tutti i sacerdoti e religiosi seguaci della teologia della liberazione nell’America Latina, fu presentata dalla delegazione del Paraguay e adottata dalla Conferenza mondiale della WACL nel 1978 [9]. Non si sa con certezza il ruolo della WACL nella strategia della tensione che colpì l’Europa in quel periodo. François Duprat, fondatore di Ordine Nuovo francese; Giorgio Almirante, fondatore del MSI; lo spagnolo Jesus Palacio, fondatore di CEDADE; il belga Paul Vankerhoven, presidente del Circolo delle nazioni, e altri come loro, militarono nella WACL. La Lega esfiltrò dall’Italia Stefano delle Chiaie [10] ricercato per terrorismo, e l’inviò in Bolivia, allora sotto il regime di Hugo Banzer, dove fu nominato subito secondo di Klaus Barbie alla testa degli squadroni della morte. La documentazione è scarsa anche sul ruolo della WACL nella guerra in Libano. E’ noto, al massimo, che reclutò mercenari per le milizie cristiane del presidente Camille Chamoun nel 1975, una settimane prima dello scoppio del conflitto.

Al suo arrivo alla Casa Bianca nel 1977, Jimmy Carter volle porre fine alle pratiche sordide dei predecessori. L’Ammiraglio Stanfield Turner fu nominato capo della CIA e si dedicò ad eliminare i regimi autoritari in America Latina. Fu dura per la WACL, che non ricevette più finanziamenti dai suoi membri. Allora divenne un covo di anti-Carter, preparandosi a giorni migliori e creando spontaneamente rapporti con la principale organizzazione anti-Carter degli Stati Uniti, la Coalizione Nazionale per la Pace Attraverso la Forza (National Coalition for Peace Through Strength). Tale fronte del rifiuto promanava dal Consiglio di sicurezza nazionale statunitense, che il presidente Eisenhower designò con il termine “complesso militare-industriale” [11]. I suoi co-presidenti erano il generale Daniel O’Graham [12], che partecipò con George H. Bush alla Commissione Pipes per la rivalutazione della minaccia sovietica, denominata Team B [13], e il generale John K. Singlaub [14]. Numerosi funzionari della Lega erano legati ai comitati per l’elezione di Ronald Reagan. Per molti di loro, il governatore repubblicano della California non era un estraneo. In effetti, alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale, Reagan fu portavoce della Crociata per la libertà, la raccolta fondi per accogliere negli Stati Uniti gli immigrati dall’Europa orientale in fuga dal comunismo. Difatti si trattava di radunare nazisti, fascisti ed ustascia nel Blocco delle Nazioni anti-bolsceviche (ABN). E il vicepresidente George H. Bush era un altro amico. Da direttore della CIA fu a capo dell’Operazione Condor.

L’età d’oro della WACL

Con l’arrivo di Ronald Reagan e George H. Bush alla Casa Bianca, la WACL riacquista vigore e continua a svilupparsi. I vecchi contatti danno frutti. Il complesso militare-industriale degli Stati Uniti finanzia la creazione della sezione statunitense della WACL denominata Consiglio per la Libertà Mondiale (Council for World Freedom, USCWF). Il presidente era il generale John K. Singlaub e il vicepresidente era il generale Daniel O’Graham. Ma non solo. Il complesso militare-industriale fece della WACL lo strumento centrale della repressione anticomunista mondiale. Singlaub divenne così presidente della WACL.

La Lega agisce su tutti i fronti : Per combattere la presenza sovietica in Afghanistan, il Consiglio di Sicurezza Nazionale statunitense [15] finanziò una sezione della WACL: il Comitato per un Afghanistan Libero con sede presso la Fondazione Heritage. L’operazione inizia con la visita ufficiale di Margaret Thatcher e Lord Nicholas Bethell, capo dipartimento dell’MI6, negli Stati Uniti, e la dirige il generale J. Milnor Roberts. Il Comitato è direttamente coinvolto nel supporto logistico ai “combattenti per la libertà”, autorizzati dal direttore della CIA William Casey [16] e diretti da Usama bin Ladin [17]. Il legame tra la WACL e l’affarista saudita l’assicura un collaboratore dello sceicco, Ahmad Salah Jamjun dell’impresa di costruzioni Bin Ladin Group, e un ex-primo ministro dello Yemen del Sud [18]. Nelle Filippine, il presidente Ferdinando Marcos rappresenta la WACL. Ma quando viene estromesso nel 1986, John K. Singlaub e Ray Cline arrivano nel Paese per scegliere nuovi partner, quindi creano un gruppo paramilitare antiguerriglia e scelgono il generale Fidel Ramos [19], amico di Frank Carlucci [20], George H. Bush e Bin Ladin. Per combattere la rivoluzione sandinista in Nicaragua, la WACL crea una base logistica nella proprietà di John Hull in Costa Rica, con istruttori argentini. La Lega usa anche i servizi offerti dal Capo di Stato Maggiore dell’Honduras, generale Gustavo Alvarez Martinez, che recluta mercenari utilizzando la copertura umanitaria del Refugee Relief International. In Guatemala, la WACL conta su Mario Sandoval Alarcon, capo del Movimento di Liberazione Nazionale. Sandoval, vicepresidente nel 1974-1978, era il vero padrone del Paese, essendo il generale-presidente Romeo Lucas Garcia null’altro che un burattino. Sandoval creò gli squadroni della morte che uccisero più di 13000 persone in cinque anni. Nel Salvador, la WACL si affidò a Roberto D’Aubuisson, formatosi all’accademia di Taiwan e beneficiario degli aiuti dai guatemaltechi. D’Aubuisson divenne capo dell’ANSESAL, equivalente locale della CIA, e di un’organizzazione paramilitare di destra, il Partito Repubblicano Nazionalista (ARENA). Inoltre, creò gli squadroni della morte e fece uccidere l’arcivescovo Oscar Romero.

Harry Aderholt & John Singlaub

Ma il successo della WACL ne causò anche la caduta. Nel 1983, il sottosegretario alla Difesa Fred C. Iklé [21] creò al Pentagono un comitato segreto di otto esperti, il Consiglio per la Difesa della Libertà, guidato dal generale John K. Singlaub [22]. E’ noto che la commissione decise che l’intervento segreto in Afghanistan fosse un modello da seguire anche in Nicaragua, Angola, Salvador, Cambogia e Vietnam, ma non vi sono abbastanza documenti sui dettagli delle loro operazioni. Nel 1984 Ronald Reagan lasciò alla Lega in generale e in particolare a John Singlaub, il finanziamento congiunto dell’Irangate sotto la diretta autorità del colonnello Oliver North del Consiglio di Sicurezza Nazionale. Lo scandalo scoppiò nel 1987, svelando tutto e distruggendo la WACL.

Thierry Meyssan

Traduzione Alessandro Lattanzio (Sito Aurora)

[1] « Stay-behind : les réseaux d’ingérence américains », par Thierry Meyssan, Réseau Voltaire, 20 août 2001. [2] L’esercito francese perse la battaglia di Dien Bien Phu il 7 maggio 1954. [3] D’altra parte, il 29 gennaio 1955, il Congresso diede carta bianca al presidente Eisenhower autorizzandolo ad entrare in guerra per difendere Taiwan se attaccata dai comunisti. [4] « Révérend Moon : le retour », Réseau Voltaire, 26 mars 2001. [5] Il principe Sopasaino, vicepresidente dell’Assemblea Nazionale del Laos, fu intercettato dalle autorità francesi nell’aeroporto Orly di Parigi, il 23 aprile 1971. Aveva nei bagagli 60 kg di eroina pura. [6] Ray S. Cline fu l’analista più ascoltato allo scoppio della guerra di Corea. Fu capo della stazione della CIA a Taipei dal 1958 al 1962. La sua copertura era direttore dell’US Naval Auxiliary Communications Center. Divenne vicedirettore della CIA grazie al cambio del personale causato dal fiasco della Baia dei Porci. Pubblicò un libro di memorie, Secrets, Spies and Scholars, Editorial Acropolis Books, 1976. [7] Michael Laseter era il principale responsabile della Chiesa universale e trionfante (CUT) di Elizabeth Claire. A metà degli anni ’70, la setta fu al centro di uno scandalo quando un arsenale militare fu scoperto presso la sede in California. Uno dei suoi capi fu nominato direttore esecutivo della rappresentanza della WACL in Afghanistan, negli anni ’80. [8] La Scuola delle Americhe (SOA) fu poi trasferita a Fort Benning negli Stati Uniti. La nostra biblioteca elettronica offre una guida completa agli studenti della scuola nel 1947-1996. [9] Questa operazione sembra essere stata condotta in coordinamento con monsignor Alfonso Lopez Trujillo, allora Segretario Generale della Conferenza Episcopale Latinoamericana (CELAM). [10] « 1980 : carnage à Bologne, 85 morts », Réseau Voltaire, 12 mars 2004. [11] La Coalizione Nazionale per la Pace attraverso la Forza ebbe fino a 257 congressisti. [12] Il tenente-generale Daniel O’Graham fu vice direttore della CIA incaricato delle relazioni con le altre agenzie d’intelligence (1973-1974) e successivamente direttore della DIA (1974-1976). Direttore esecutivo del Consiglio di Sicurezza Nazionale degli USA, fu uno dei principali fautori della proposta “Star Wars”. Fondò High Frontier che presiedette fino alla morte nel 1995. [13] Nel 1975, l’estrema destra accusò la CIA di essere stata penetrata da infiltrati comunisti e di minimizzare il pericolo rosso. Il presidente Ford quindi nominò George H. Bush direttore dell’Agenzia ed autorizzò il completamento di una contro-verifica. Richard Pipes creò “Team B” che pubblicò un rapporto allarmista per giustificare la ripresa della corsa agli armamenti. Oggi è noto che la Commissione Pipes travisò deliberatamente i dati per aprire mercati al complesso militare-industriale. Su questo argomento, vedasi: « Les marionnettistes de Washington », par Thierry Meyssan, Réseau Voltaire, 13 novembre 2002. “Daniel Pipes, esperto dell’odio”, Traduzione di Franco Cilli, Rete Voltaire, 5 maggio 2004. [14] John K. Singlaub fu un ufficiale dell’OSS durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Creò la guerriglia del Kuomintang di Chiang Kai-shek contro i giapponesi. Durante la guerra di Corea fu a capo della stazione della CIA, e più tardi, durante la guerra del Vietnam, diresse i Berretti Verdi. Fu istruttore di controinsurrezione a Fort Benning. Andato in pensione, divenne il direttore della formazione presso il Consiglio di Sicurezza Nazionale degli USA. Fu in quella posizione che divenne co-presidente della Coalizione e, in seguito presidente della Lega. [15] La National Endowment for Democracy finanzia il Comitato dal 1984. Questi poi trasmetteva parte dei fondi ricevuti a organizzazioni umanitarie per i propri scopi politici in Afghanistan, in particolare Medici senza frontiere, Bernard Kouchner e Assistenza medica internazionale. [16] Gli Stati Uniti destabilizzarono deliberatamente l’Afghanistan, ma non si aspettarono l’entità della reazione militare di Mosca. Washington quindi mobilitò gli alleati nella guerra, non per “liberare” gli afgani, ma esplicitamente per evitare che l’URSS avanzasse verso il Mare Arabico. [17] Nel 1983, la WACL stampò T-shirt con l’effige di Usama bin Ladin e la scritta “Sostieni i combattenti per la libertà afgani. Combattono per te!“. [18] Usama bin Ladin non veniva presentato come un musulmano credente, ma come affarista anticomunista scelto dal principe Turqi, capo dei servizi segreti sauditi, per partecipare alla guerra degli Stati Uniti contro i sovietici. Bin Ladin fu prima responsabile della direzione della costruzione delle infrastrutture necessarie ai “combattenti per la libertà”, dopo gestì i rifornimenti ai mujahidin stranieri che li raggiunsero. Usama Bin Ladin divenne solo alla fine un credente musulmano per imporre la sua autorità. [19] Il generale Fidel Ramos fu eletto presidente nel 1992. Alla fine del mandato, nel 1998, entrò nel Gruppo Carlyle. Vedasi: « Le Carlyle Group, une affaire d’initiés », Réseau Voltaire, 9 février 2004. [20] « L’honorable Frank Carlucci », par Thierry Meyssan, Réseau Voltaire, 11 février 2004. [21] Fred C. Iklé era il secondo di Caspar Weinberger al Pentagono. Questo storico guerriero freddo è attualmente membro di Center for Security Policy (CSP) e di Progetto per il Nuovo Secolo Americano (PNAC), ed amministratore della Smith Richardson Foundation. [22] Tale comitato comprende i generali Harry Aderholt e Edward Lansdale, il colonnello John Waghelstein, Seale Doss, Edward Luttwak, il maggiore F. Andy Messing Jr. e Sam Sarkessian. Preso da: http://www.voltairenet.org/article192711.html

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Dick Bove: How weakened banks are hurting the US in critical way

In response to North Korea’s recent launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile, a recent U.S. Federal Court granted the Treasury Department’s request to put into effect a “” related to a North Korean coal mining company, the Dandong Zhicheng Metallic Material Co.

Bank of America, Bank of New York Mellon, Wells Fargo and Citigroup are among the eight banks involved. Hundreds of millions of dollars are at stake according to U.S. Treasury documents.

A damming seizure occurs when the Treasury orders its biggest banks to accept all money flowing into them from wire transfers and other mechanisms and then refuses to let that money out to the intended recipient, basically trapping the funds in the American banking system.

It has been reported that 95 percent of the North Korean company’s foreign exchange profits from coal exports are used to fund that country’s weapons program. For years .

The Treasury Department also imposed sanctions against China’s Bank of Dandong which is located near the North Korean border. The complaint is that this bank was laundering money that was ultimately used in North Korea’s weapons program.

One might argue that the United States’ control of the global financial system is perhaps its strongest non-military weapon when it wishes to confront an “enemy” to U.S. interests. This “weapon” was first believed to be used against China in 1949 when Mao Tse-tung’s revolution rested control of China from Chiang Kai-shek’s government and Mao tried to gain control of China’s bank accounts.

The weapon was also prominent in the United States’ more recent sanctions against Iran. French bank BNP Paribas paid a fine of $8.9 billion to the United States Treasury for violating the U.S. sanctions.

Has the United States lost this tool?

There is a great deal of data that suggests that the United States has lost this weapon thanks to the Dodd Frank Act regulations that were put in place following the financial crisis.

The capital requirements of the biggest banks have slowed their growth. The liquidity requirements have removed their ability to lend funds freely. The determined use of the Bank Secrecy Act and the Anti-Money Laundering Laws (BSA/AML) has chilled the ability of these banks to operate overseas.

In this country, the nation’s biggest four banks have seen their share of U.S. banking assets shrink from 57 percent in 2010 to 51 percent today according to FDIC numbers. The reduction overseas is more startling. At the beginning of the financial crisis, the four big U.S. banks’ assets were equal to 158 percent of the assets of the four biggest Chinese banks. This is now down to 72 percent.

Forget China. In 2008 the assets of the four biggest U.S. banks were 4.0 times the size of the biggest four Canadian banks. They are now 2.9 times the size of the Canadians. U.S. banks are giving ground just about everywhere.

The situation is so bad that even the , has an editorial basically asking the United States to stop. “A financial system that lets dirty money flow freely is a bad one. One that blocks clean money is even worse” it says.

Reserve Currency

Chinese banks are filling the vacuum. While the United States pundits constantly deride these banks as being filled with questionable loans and even more questionable accounting, the international financial regulators do not agree. Last October, the IMF granted China’s request to make the yuan the fifth global reserve currency. The Financial Stability Board, which sets risk ratings on international banks, has rated the big Chinese banks safer than the big American banks (an unbelievable farce worthy of a separate comment).

History indicates that the financial sanctions used by the United States have been very effective. They kept the Soviet economy from entering world markets. They were the most critical factor in bringing Iran to the negotiating table on nuclear weapons.

However, for financial sanctions to work, critical mass is needed in the global markets. In 1952, IMF numbers indicate that 88 percent of the world’s convertible currencies was simply the dollar and the dollar could only be easily obtained by working with U.S. banks, which were the biggest in the world.

Today the dollar is only 20 percent of the world’s convertible currencies and the United States banks are far from the biggest in the world. Now, the United States must work with a coalition of governments to make any sanctions work.

There are multiple currencies and banking systems that will allow North Korea to obtain the money to build its weapons systems. The United States has started to try to make financial sanctions work against North Korea but without the help of these other banks the successes of the past will not be repeated. North Korea will continue to find the funding to build its bombs and missiles while we sit on the sidelines and complain at a United Nations that has no interest in listening.

As a starting point, the United States needs to rebuild its banks. It needs banks that can compete with the Canadians, French, British and Chinese. This is necessary to help this country regain lost control of the financial markets. But it’s for more than just foreign affairs. It is necessary for U.S. companies to expand globally.

Commentary by Richard X. Bove, an equity research analyst at Rafferty Capital Markets and the author of “Guardians of Prosperity: Why America Needs Big Banks” (2013).

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