Juliette Nadia Boulanger (16 September 1887 – 22 October 1979) was a French music teacher and conductor. She taught many of the leading composers and musicians of the 20th century, and also performed occasionally as a pianist and organist.
From a musical family, she achieved early honours as a student at the Conservatoire de Paris but, believing that she had no particular talent as a composer, she gave up writing music and became a teacher. In that capacity, she influenced generations of young composers, especially those from the United States and other English-speaking countries. Among her students were many important composers, soloists, arrangers, and conductors, including Grażyna Bacewicz, Burt Bacharach, Daniel Barenboim, Lennox Berkeley, İdil Biret, Elliott Carter, Aaron Copland, John Eliot Gardiner, Philip Glass, Roy Harris, Quincy Jones, Dinu Lipatti, Igor Markevitch, Astor Piazzolla, Virgil Thomson, and George Walker.
Boulanger taught in the U.S. and England, working with music academies including the Juilliard School, the Yehudi Menuhin School, the Longy School, the Royal College of Music and the Royal Academy of Music, but her principal base for most of her life was her family's flat in Paris, where she taught for most of the seven decades from the start of her career until her death at the age of 92.
Boulanger was the first woman to conduct many major orchestras in America and Europe, including the BBC Symphony, Boston Symphony, Hallé, and Philadelphia orchestras. She conducted several world premieres, including works by Copland and Stravinsky.
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Pics:
1 & 2. Thomson, English author of "The Seasons", "Rule Britannia", etc...
3. Original cover to "The Seasons."
4 & 5. Beautiful cover of the British anthem "Rule Britannia" & a page of it set to music.
6 & 7. Ads for Lovecraftian beverages!!
8. Another shot of the Seekonk River, surrounded by woods.
1913: Output, Part 2.
Plot: This poem starts out with a Latin quote by William Wordsworth¹, but, originally from Virgil's "Georgics", Book 2: "...The wide open fields: the caves &... lakes; But, ...cold Tempe², ...the roaring of the borne³ &... soft sleep under the tree, are not absent⁴."
In the beginning, Lovecraft demands that the Dryads⁵ "Turn... from towns to (thoughts) of a rural kind; Amid decadent sights⁶, a spot disclose, where... woodlands repose. Where... time has... left, unchanged, our ancestral⁷ land."
Right away, Howard joins happiness with his youth & the park -
"Quinsnicket! Haven of the wearied heart... Whose shady glens... years dissolve... & lead backwards to a happier day."
Then, HPL 'explains' why this is so -
"With mankind, the sweetest days are 1st; ...Men become more wretched as they live⁷!"
As for why nature helps the weary soul -
"Away, Reality! And let us roam (in) Quinsnicket's realm - Imagination's home."
Lovecraft then describes Providence quickly -
"What city of the blest... Whose spires & domes reflect... morning rays (&) whose gold paved⁸ (streets!) astound."
Now, Howard gets mythological -
"In yonder pool we... expect, timid Nymph⁹ or Satyr¹⁰ to detect. Our eyes for Naiads¹¹ scan, And (our) ears strain to hear the pipes of Pan¹²."
Here, we turn to a more physical description -
"Yon rocky bluff, above the water's side, Defies the ages with primeval pride."
Then, HPL drags in the aboriginals, never mentioning a specific nation's name¹³ -
"(Their) council flame burned (before) the tribe¹⁴ (with) chief & braves of copper hue... (with a) sober look... pipe passed thru & fro..."
Amazingly enough, the most racial that Lovecraft gets is "(Their) war dance to tom-toms blow¹⁵."
Notes:
1. What a great name for a writer! William Wordsworth was an English Poet Laureate who helped usher in the Romantic Era of 1800 to 1850.
He's best known for his poems "The Prelude" & "Daffodils."
2. Tempe is the name of a wooded valley between Mt. Ossa & Mt. Olympus in Thessaly, Greece - now called Tembi.
Has 1 of the highest amounts of rain in the world.
3. This verse sounds a lot like being "carried" on a "roaring" river current...
4. The quote is about 1's youth & the 'lost' natural beauty we once enjoyed.
These memories stayed with this person & continued to have meaning for them.
And, these particular thoughts serve as a connection to the writer's sense of wonder.
Nature is where they find peace & tranquility. Where they feel safe & comfortable.
5. Dryads are Greek nature spirits who are usually bound to a forest or who focus on an oak tree.
6. Hmm... Howard's just north of the city of Providence. So, he's saying that it's also rife with "decadent" slights...
7. HPL's idea of 'ancestral' is limited to the British invasion of what are actually American Indian lands...
8. 'Gold paved streets' comes from the 1800s tale of "Dick Whittington & His Cat."
In that story, this saying describes London's roads. And, means that "it's easy to make money there..."
9. Nymphs are minor Greek nature spirits usually associated with fertility, growing things or water.
Long lived but, not immortal!! So, they were playmates of the Greek Gods.
Usually kind & helpful to men...
There's some 20 types of nymphs.
10. A Satyr is a Greek nature spirit with ears & tail that look like those of a horse.
Walks around with a permanent & exaggerated erection!!
The same as the Roman fauns.
11. Naiads are water spirits living in rivers, springs or waterfalls.
But, not in the oceans... That's the Oceanids' job.
Only Nereids can move in both sea- water & freshwater!
12. Pan is the Greek God of the Wild, rustic music, fertility, hunters, flocks & shepherds.
Has the back quarters, legs & horns of a goat - like a satyr!
His unseen, but 'felt', presence would arouse panic in travelers.
Boon 'companion' to nymphs...
13. Around Providence, it should be the Wampanoag American Indian nation.
14. American Indians were called tribes by the invading Europeans. But, they were actually nations & should be regarded as such today.
15. Wampanoags were a group of 30 Algonquian speaking nations. This Confederacy spread from R.I. north thru Massachusetts & south into parts of Connecticut.
They have all lived in this area since around 12,000 BC & were led by a Massasoit ("Great Chief") from 1581 til 1661.
It was members of the Pokanoket nation that helped the Pilgrims back in 1621.
Europeans had been visiting this New England since the late 1500s. And, had begun reducing the Wampanoag population via introduced diseases!
English colonists pushed them further inland, resulting in war. The losing abo nations were dispersed into slavery or reservations.
Only the Mashpee & Aquinnah nations were recently recognized by the U.S. government.
Wars of conquest were unknown to them. As they didn't believe in land ownership.
So, only quick raids were undertaken.
"Powwows" were actually shamans. Pniese were their own male "knights" & female "counselors."
Drums were seen as "living entities", guardian spirits & a reference to a past way of life.
Female singers used water drums as portable accompaniment for their sacred music & dances.
Drums help Wampanoags to "live by the rhythms of Mother Earth" & also reinforces their "relationship to the spiritual forces ruling the universe."
War dances involved beating the ground with sticks & screaming out piercing war cries.
The warriors requested the help of spirits & painted their bodies black, red, green or white.
They drank a tea made from juniper berries - to help the blood clot, in case of being cut...
To Be Continued.
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