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#Neman river
playitagin · 10 months
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1812-French invasion of Russia
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Napoleon's Grande Armée crosses the Neman river beginning the invasion of Russia.
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raulchik · 2 years
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Вот и прошли очередной Чемпионат Беларуси по нахлысту на реке Неман близ деревни Еремичи в Гродненской области.
Прекрасно проведённое время, отличный отдых, моя новая палатка, которой я доволен на все 100%, ночные песни под гитару и ночное испытание палатки ветром и древнем с грозой.
Ну и 8 место из 19 возможных, меня не может не радовать😊
July | 2022
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imperial-russia · 1 year
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The Alexander Column  is the focal point of Palace Square in Saint Petersburg. The monument was raised after the Russian victory in the war with Napoleon and named for Emperor Alexander I. 
The Column was designed by Auguste de Montferrand, built between 1830 and 1834  by Antonio Adamini, and unveiled on 30 August 1834. The monument is claimed to be the tallest of its kind in the world at 47.5 m tall and is topped with a statue of an angel holding a cross. The angel was designed by the Russian sculptor Boris Orlovsky and it is said that its face bears great similarity to the face of Emperor Alexander I.
The pedestal of the Alexander Column is decorated with symbols of military glory. On the side of the pedestal facing the Winter Palace is a bas-relief depicting winged figures holding up a plaque bearing the words "To Alexander I from a grateful Russia". The composition includes figures representing the Neman and Vistula rivers that were associated with the events of the Patriotic War. Flanking these figures are depictions of old Russian armour – the shield of Prince Oleg of Novgorod, the helmet of Alexander Nevsky, the breastplate of Emperor Alexander I, the chainmail of Yermak Timofeyevich and other pieces recalling heroes whose martial feats brought glory to Russia. The other three sides are decorated with bas-reliefs featuring allegorical figures of Wisdom and Abundance, Justice and Mercy, Peace and Victory, the last holding a shield bearing the dates 1812, 1813 and 1814. These compositions are enhanced by depictions of Ancient Roman military symbols and Russian armour.
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capture24trip · 4 days
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Delhi Day Trips: Exploring Nearby Destinations in Just One Day
In the bustling city of Delhi, sometimes all you need is a quick escape from the chaos and hustle of urban life. Luckily, the capital is surrounded by a myriad of destinations that are perfect for day trips, offering a refreshing change of scenery and a chance to explore the rich cultural heritage and natural beauty of the region. Join us as we embark on a journey to discover some of the best nearby destinations that can be explored in just one day.
1. Agra: The City of Love
Just a few hours' drive from Delhi lies the historic city of Agra, home to one of the most iconic monuments in the world – the Taj Mahal. A day trip to Agra offers the perfect opportunity to marvel at the timeless beauty of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Murtaza Mahal. Apart from the Taj Mahal, visitors can also explore the majestic Agra Fort, stroll through the bustling streets of the old city, and indulge in some mouthwatering Mughlai cuisine.
2. Jaipur: The Pink City
Known for its vibrant culture, rich history, and stunning architecture, Jaipur is another popular destination for a day trip from Delhi. The capital city of Rajasthan, Jaipur is famous for its majestic forts, palaces, and bustling bazaars. Visitors can explore the imposing Amber Fort, wander through the colorful markets of Johari Bazaar, and marvel at the intricately designed Haw Mahal. A day trip to Jaipur offers a fascinating glimpse into the royal heritage and cultural traditions of Rajasthan.
3. Neman: A Heritage Getaway
For a dose of history and luxury, head to Neman, a charming town located just a few hours' drive from Delhi. The highlight of Neman is the magnificent Neman Fort Palace, a 15th-century heritage hotel that offers a glimpse into the grandeur of Rajasthan's royal past. Visitors can explore the sprawling palace complex, soak in the panoramic views of the surrounding countryside, and indulge in a sumptuous meal at the onsite restaurant. Neman is the perfect destination for a relaxing day trip away from the hustle and bustle of the city.
4. Mathura-Vrindavan: Land of Krishna
Located on the banks of the Yamuna River, Mathura and Vrindavan are sacred cities revered by millions of devotees as the birthplace and childhood home of Lord Krishna. A day trip to Mathura-Vrindavan offers the opportunity to visit the famous temples and religious sites associated with the life of Lord Krishna, including the Krishna Janma bhoomi Temple, Dwarkadhish Temple, and Banked Bihari Temple. Visitors can also participate in the vibrant celebrations and rituals that take place throughout the year, immersing themselves in the spiritual atmosphere of these holy towns.
Conclusion:
From historic monuments to sacred temples, nearby destinations from Delhi offer a diverse range of experiences that can be explored in just one day. So pack your bags, hit the road, and embark on a memorable day trip to discover the rich cultural heritage and natural beauty of these fascinating destinations. Whether you're craving history, culture, or spirituality, there's something for everyone within easy reach of the bustling city of Delhi.
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radiogornjigrad · 4 months
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INDIJSKA MISTIKA U KNJIGAMA TINA UJEVIĆA I KOSTE TADIĆA
Idol of Lord Shiva in the swollen Ganga river in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand on August 14. (PTI Photo) Čuj pjesmu vjetra u noći…. O ne, ni kiše, ni snijega, ni vjetra nema, meni se drijema, meni bolniku…. ….Al strašna mene, mračna mora mori, jer u meni se grozna neman krije, da srce moje para, da me pije svu krv i snagu što mi život tvori … Čuj pjesmu vjetra u noći, on naviješta srh što će doći po…
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disco-cola · 5 months
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ok so I have a very small family like only my mom my brother and my grandparents (my moms an only child too and my entire family has always been mad at each other for idk what reason lmao i haven’t seen the rest of them since I was a child) but my mom and grandparents were all born in the gdr which is a country that literally doesn’t exist anymore (good thing tho) and my grandpa told me this week my grandmas side of the family were living somewhere along neman river and my grandpas side of the family were from east prussia which is also a country that doesn’t exist anymore (also good thing tho) but today the region they were living in is Kaliningrad that’s actually so cool man I wish I had money and could do a DNA test I would love to know more about my ancestry tbh i love this kind of shit
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123freemoviesfun · 9 months
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The Crimson Rivers (2018)
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Detective Niemans is accustomed to take on complex investigations, and is able to teach professional wisdom to his new partner, who becomes Camille Delaunay, ready to improve. The two of them very successfully cope with the cases that they are assigned, and some of them turn out to be very complicated, which does not scare Niemans. The last case, for which Nemans and Camille take on, turns out to be morally difficult. The cruelty of the criminal, who needs to be stopped, gets to the bone. And the detectives are drawn into a cycle of gruesome events. Read the full article
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brookstonalmanac · 10 months
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Events 6.24
1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, 40 kilometres (25 miles) northwest of Rome. 474 – Julius Nepos forces Roman usurper Glycerius to abdicate the throne and proclaims himself Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 637 – The Battle of Moira is fought between the High King of Ireland and the Kings of Ulster and Dál Riata. It is claimed to be the largest battle in the history of Ireland. 843 – The Vikings sack the French city of Nantes. 972 – Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces, takes place. 1128 – Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães: Forces led by Afonso I defeat forces led by his mother Teresa of León and her lover Fernando Pérez de Traba. 1230 – The Siege of Jaén begins, in the context of the Spanish Reconquista. 1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn concludes with a decisive victory by Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce. 1340 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Sluys: The French fleet is almost completely destroyed by the English fleet commanded in person by King Edward III. 1374 – A sudden outbreak of St. John's Dance causes people in the streets of Aachen, Germany, to experience hallucinations and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion. 1497 – John Cabot lands in North America at Newfoundland leading the first European exploration of the region since the Vikings. 1509 – Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon are crowned King and Queen of England. 1535 – The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded. 1540 – English King Henry VIII commands his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, to leave the court. 1571 – Miguel López de Legazpi founds Manila, the capital of the Philippines. 1593 – The Dutch city of Geertruidenberg held by the Spanish, capitulates to a besieging Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Nassau. 1604 – Samuel de Champlain discovers the mouth of the Saint John River, site of Reversing Falls and the present-day city of Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. 1622 – Battle of Macau: The Dutch make a failed attempt to capture Macau. 1663 – The Spanish garrison of Évora capitulates, following the Portuguese victory at the Battle of Ameixial. 1717 – The Premier Grand Lodge of England is founded in London, the first Masonic Grand Lodge in the world (now the United Grand Lodge of England). 1762 – Battle of Wilhelmsthal: The British-Hanoverian army of Ferdinand of Brunswick defeats French forces in Westphalia. 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Great Siege of Gibraltar begins. 1793 – The first Republican constitution in France is adopted. 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon's Grande Armée crosses the Neman river beginning the invasion of Russia. 1813 – Battle of Beaver Dams: A British and Indian combined force defeats the United States Army. 1821 – Battle of Carabobo: Decisive battle in the war of independence of Venezuela from Spain. 1859 – Battle of Solferino (Battle of the Three Sovereigns): Sardinia and France defeat Austria in Solferino, northern Italy. 1866 – Battle of Custoza: An Austrian army defeats the Italian army during the Austro-Prussian War. 1880 – First performance of O Canada at the Congrès national des Canadiens-Français. The song would later become the national anthem of Canada. 1894 – Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France, is assassinated by Sante Geronimo Caserio. 1913 – Greece and Serbia annul their alliance with Bulgaria. 1916 – Mary Pickford becomes the first female film star to sign a million-dollar contract. 1918 – First airmail service in Canada from Montreal to Toronto. 1922 – The American Professional Football Association is renamed the National Football League. 1932 – A bloodless revolution instigated by the People's Party ends the absolute power of King Prajadhipok of Siam (now Thailand). 1938 – Pieces of a meteorite land near Chicora, Pennsylvania. The meteorite is estimated to have weighed 450 metric tons when it hit the Earth's atmosphere and exploded. 1939 – Siam is renamed Thailand by Plaek Phibunsongkhram, the country's third prime minister. 1940 – World War II: Operation Collar, the first British Commando raid on occupied France, by No 11 Independent Company. 1943 – US military police attempt to arrest a black soldier in Bamber Bridge, England, sparking the Battle of Bamber Bridge mutiny that leaves one dead and seven wounded. 1947 – Kenneth Arnold makes the first widely reported UFO sighting near Mount Rainier, Washington. 1948 – Cold War: Start of the Berlin Blockade: The Soviet Union makes overland travel between West Germany and West Berlin impossible. 1949 – The first television western, Hopalong Cassidy, starring William Boyd, is aired on NBC. 1950 – Apartheid: In South Africa, the Group Areas Act is passed, formally segregating races. 1954 – First Indochina War: Battle of Mang Yang Pass: Viet Minh troops belonging to the 803rd Regiment ambush G.M. 100 of France in An Khê. 1957 – In Roth v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment. 1960 – Assassination attempt of Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt. 1963 – The United Kingdom grants Zanzibar internal self-government. 1973 – The UpStairs Lounge arson attack takes place at a gay bar located on the second floor of the three-story building at 141 Chartres Street in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana, US. Thirty-two people die as a result of fire or smoke inhalation. 1975 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 66 encounters severe wind shear and crashes on final approach to New York's JFK Airport killing 113 of the 124 passengers on board, making it the deadliest U.S. plane crash at the time. This accident led to decades of research into downburst and microburst phenomena and their effects on aircraft. 1981 – The Humber Bridge opens to traffic, connecting Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. It remained the world's longest bridge span for 17 years. 1982 – "The Jakarta Incident": British Airways Flight 009 flies into a cloud of volcanic ash thrown up by the eruption of Mount Galunggung, resulting in the failure of all four engines. 1989 – Jiang Zemin succeeds Zhao Ziyang to become the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. 1994 – A Boeing B-52 Stratofortress crashes at Fairchild Air Force Base near Spokane, Washington, killing four. 1995 – Rugby World Cup: South Africa defeats New Zealand and Nelson Mandela presents Francois Pienaar with the Webb Ellis Cup in an iconic post-apartheid moment. 2002 – The Igandu train disaster in Tanzania kills 281, the worst train accident in African history. 2004 – In New York, capital punishment is declared unconstitutional. 2010 – At Wimbledon, John Isner of the United States defeats Nicolas Mahut of France, in the longest match in professional tennis history. 2010 – Julia Gillard assumes office as the first female Prime Minister of Australia. 2012 – Death of Lonesome George, the last known individual of Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii, a subspecies of the Galápagos tortoise. 2013 – Former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi is found guilty of abusing his power and engaging in sex with an underage prostitute, and is sentenced to seven years in prison. 2021 – The Champlain Towers South condominium in Surfside, Florida suffers a sudden partial collapse, killing 98 people inside. 2022 – In Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the U.S. Constitution does not assign the authority to regulate abortions to the federal government, thereby returning such authority to the individual states. This overturns the prior decisions in Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992).
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mariacallous · 1 year
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The Belarusian Defense Ministry announced plans to conduct a snap combat readiness inspection of its armed forces.
According to the ministry’s press service, “troops will have to promptly advance into their assigned areas, implement their engineering equipment, organize security and defense, and build bridge crossings over the Neman and Berezina rivers.”
On December 11, the Institute for the Study of War reported that Russia seeks to set up a permanent military base in Belarus and is conducting an “information campaign” to pressure Belarusian leaders into supporting Russia’s war in Ukraine. At the same time, for the foreseeable future, according to analysts, Belarus is “unlikely to invade Ukraine due to internal dynamics within the country.”
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fromtheothersideby · 2 years
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LUBCHA CASTLE, LUBCHA, BELARUS
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VIDEO - https://youtu.be/4Y1JvWKsIPg
Lubcha Castle was a residential castle of the Radziwill family, on the left bank of the Neman River at Lubcha, near Navahradak in Belarus.
Construction of Lubcha Castle was started in 16th century by Jan Gut, son of magnate Stanislav Gut, governor of Vitsebsk. He inherited a vast fortune after his father’s death, including the Township of Lubcha. The place for the construction of the Castle was chosen at a high picturesque Bank of the Neman River, fortified by boulders. Initially, all of the buildings of the Castle were made of wood, except for the entrance tower (Brama). Three sides of the Castle were surrounded by moats with water, and on the fourth by the waters of the Neman river. Today, instead of the drawbridge, there is a mound leading to the Castle. Still, deep ditches help you to imagine, how an inaccessible fortification could the Castle become in the case of enemy attack. The loopholes in the tower were located on all four sides, allowing its defenders to fire even when the enemy broke into the Castle.
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Today, instead of the drawbridge, there is a mound leading to the Castle. Still, deep ditches help you to imagine, how an inaccessible fortification could the Castle become in the case of enemy attack. The loopholes in the tower were located on all four sides, allowing its defenders to fire even when the enemy broke into the Castle.
At the end of the 16th century, Jan Gut began to erect the second stone tower in the Castle. But at his life, only two floors were built. At the beginning of the 17 century, the Castle came into the possession of Krzysztof Radziwill, who inherited it and continued construction. Then, after his father’s death, the castle was inherited by a talented commander, hetman, and governor of Vilnius Janusz Radziwill.
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In the year 1655 Cossacks of the Hetman Ivan Zolotarenko attacked the Castle and destroyed it to the ground. The onslaught was so strong that even a powerful defensive building like Lubcha Castle couldn’t withstand it. After that, the Castle lost its importance both as a military fortification and as one of the residences of the Radziwills.
After the Cossacks attacked the Castle, it came into the possession of Boguslav Radziwill, the General of the Royal Guard, who partly rebuilt it by restoring the destroyed twin towers. In this state, the Castle safely lived to the year 1860 repeatedly changing owners. Then the Falz-Feins became the new owners of the Castle. Their ownership was scattered throughout the Russian Empire, and they decided to establish their country residence in Lubcha. The Whitestone Palace was built in the style of English gothic revival and the Pavilion for guests was built on the foundations of the ruined walls of the medieval Castle.
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After the revolution of 1917, the Castle came to desolation, the revival began fifty years ago when the museum of local lore was organized by the school occupying the building of the Palace. Buildings have survived the years of war, they were not damaged. At the first time, there was a Lubcha school in the Palace, then training and production factory.
In 2003 a patriot and loving the history and traditions of his country, Ivan Antonovich Pechinskij founded the Lubcha Castle charitable fund. Priorbank, different organizations and ordinary citizens make donations for the fund. They help not only with money but also bring building materials, provide help with restoration and transportation, bring food for volunteers and other. Local residents, teachers, students of the Faculty of Architecture of the BNTU, and just not indifferent people take part in restoration works.
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Lubcha Castle is the only Castle in the world being fully reconstructed by volunteers, the State does not take any part in it. If you have a desire to make your own contribution to the restoration of the unique buildings and be registered on the gratitude list of the Lubcha Castle Fund, read more about the project on the website http://lubcza.by/ (unfortunately, it is only in Russian and Belarusian for now).
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The outside of the Tower, the Gate and the wall between them were gradually restored during thirteen years. Currently, restoration work continues, you can see the buildings only from the outside, they are closed, there are no museum exhibitions or reproduced interiors yet, these work yet to be done. But there is a positive moment in it, you can enter the territory of the Castle completely for free. And it’s worth it.
In addition to exploring the restored towers, you can enjoy a magnificent view from a high Bank of the Neman River, the expanse and beauty of untouched nature.
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mouseandboo · 2 years
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Neman River Bridge
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Neman River Bridge by Gail Anderson Via Flickr: Postcard with an old photo of a wooden bridge across the Neman River. Sent by a Postcrossing member in Belarus for a direct swap.
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isausmanmohd · 2 years
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...IN HAGU TA CIJE, A KOMA DAMA MANA👇👇👇 Ka Ga Irin Wadannan Jami'o'i... Ka Ga Lakcarorin Irin Wadannan Jami'o'i... Wato👇 'All Sheikhs, Ulama And Ustazeets Union'(Wato a Takaice Dai(ASUU). Baka Ta6a Ganin Sun Shiga Yajin Aikin Gargadi, Balle Na Sai Baba Ta Gani(Definite And Indefinite Strike). Duk Da Irin Girman Courses, Topics And Bulky Books Da Suke Karantarwa👇 1. Askari. 2. Risalaah. 3. Mukhtasar. 4. Mudawwanah. 5. Muwaddaa. 6. Zadul Ma'ad. Da Kuma Textbook 'Din 'Yan 100 Level👇 1. Kawaediy. 2. Ahalari. 3. Ashmawiy. 4. Riyadus Saleehiy. 5. Bulughul Marami Da 6. As Sarful Safeey. 'All Sheikhs, Ulama And Ustazeets Union'(ASUU), Su Abin Da Suke Neman a Biya Su Ya Haura Dala Trillion Dubu, Amma Tunda Sun San 'Dan Adam Ba Zai Iya Biyansu Ba Sai ALLAH, Sai Suka Hakura Suka Ci Gaba Da Aiki Da Sai An Je Can Zasu Kar6i Allowances, Salaries, Impresses And Other Remunerations. Albashinsu Ba Ta IPPIS Ko UTAS Bane, Ta "Inna Ma Yuffauna" Ne. Acan Ne Zasu Kar6i Academic Houses Da Staff Quarters 'Dinsu, Wato Dai 'Firdaucy Avenue, Number 313, Ar Rayyan Street' Opposite Al-Khausar White River. Muna Rokon ALLAH Ya Taimaki Universal Genuine ASUU, Ya 'Karfafe Su Akan Wannan Ijtihadi Da Suke Kai, Don Albarkar SHUGABA(S.A.W)🙏🙏🙏 (Abdul-Hadi Isa Ibrahim✍️)🙏 https://www.instagram.com/p/ChXFBXDI1xJ/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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tadeusz-coins · 2 years
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90th Anniversary of Battle of Warsaw, 2010, Poland, 20 Złotych, Silver (.925) (3D pad printin), Proof, Mintage: 50.000, 28.28 g, 36.61 mm
The Battle of Warsaw (Polish: Bitwa Warszawska), also known as the Miracle on the Vistula (Polish: Cud nad Wisłą), was a series of battles that resulted in a decisive Polish victory in 1920 during the Polish–Soviet War. Poland, on the verge of total defeat, repulsed and defeated the Red Army. 
After the Polish Kiev Offensive, Soviet forces launched a successful counterattack in summer 1920, forcing the Polish army to retreat westward in disarray. The Polish forces seemed on the verge of disintegration and observers predicted a decisive Soviet victory. 
The Battle of Warsaw was fought from August 12–25, 1920 as Red Army forces commanded by Mikhail Tukhachevsky approached the Polish capital of Warsaw and the nearby Modlin Fortress. On August 16, Polish forces commanded by Józef Piłsudski counterattacked from the south, disrupting the enemy's offensive, forcing the Russian forces into a disorganized withdrawal eastward and behind the Neman River. Estimated Russian losses were 10,000 killed, 500 missing, 30,000 wounded, and 66,000 taken prisoner, compared with Polish losses of some 4,500 killed, 10,000 missing, and 22,000 wounded. 
The defeat crippled the Red Army; Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik leader, called it "an enormous defeat" for his forces. In the following months, several more Polish follow-up victories secured Poland's independence and led to a peace treaty with Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine later that year, securing the Polish state's eastern frontiers until 1939. 
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kopytkowa · 5 years
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03.VI.2019
By the Neman River, Grodno, Belarus
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Maybe this isn't most beautiful place in Grodno. But I feel some kind of personal closeness with this place. In Poland we have famous book "Nad Niemnem" (ang. version would be translated as "By the Neman river") wrote by Eliza Orzeszkowa. She lived there in Grodno. And my mother gave me my name after one of the main characters from this book. So I enjoy my time there, even if it's not the most beautifull.
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brookstonalmanac · 2 years
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Events 6.24
1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. 217 BC – The Romans, led by Gaius Flaminius, are ambushed and defeated by Hannibal at the Battle of Lake Trasimene. 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, 40 kilometres (25 miles) northwest of Rome. 474 – Julius Nepos forces Roman usurper Glycerius to abdicate the throne and proclaims himself Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 637 – The Battle of Moira is fought between the High King of Ireland and the Kings of Ulster and Dál Riata. It is claimed to be the largest battle in the history of Ireland. 843 – The Vikings sack French city of Nantes. 972 – Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces, takes place. 1128 – Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães: Forces led by Afonso I defeat forces led by his mother Teresa of León and her lover Fernando Pérez de Traba. 1230 – The Siege of Jaén begins, in the context of the Spanish Reconquista. 1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn concludes with a decisive victory by Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce. 1340 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Sluys: The French fleet is almost completely destroyed by the English fleet commanded in person by King Edward III. 1374 – A sudden outbreak of St. John's Dance causes people in the streets of Aachen, Germany, to experience hallucinations and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion. 1497 – John Cabot lands in North America at Newfoundland leading the first European exploration of the region since the Vikings. 1509 – Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon are crowned King and Queen of England. 1535 – The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded. 1540 – English King Henry VIII commands his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, to leave the court. 1571 – Miguel López de Legazpi founds Manila, the capital of the Philippines. 1593 – The Dutch city of Geertruidenberg held by the Spanish, capitulates to a besieging Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Nassau. 1604 – Samuel de Champlain discovers the mouth of the Saint John River, site of Reversing Falls and the present-day city of Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. 1622 – Battle of Macau: The Dutch make a failed attempt to capture Macau. 1663 – The Spanish garrison of Évora capitulates, following the Portuguese victory at the Battle of Ameixial. 1717 – The Premier Grand Lodge of England is founded in London, the first Masonic Grand Lodge in the world (now the United Grand Lodge of England). 1762 – Battle of Wilhelmsthal: The British-Hanoverian army of Ferdinand of Brunswick defeats French forces in Westphalia. 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Great Siege of Gibraltar begins. 1793 – The first Republican constitution in France is adopted. 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon's Grande Armée crosses the Neman river beginning the invasion of Russia. 1813 – Battle of Beaver Dams: A British and Indian combined force defeats the United States Army. 1821 – Battle of Carabobo: Decisive battle in the war of independence of Venezuela from Spain. 1859 – Battle of Solferino (Battle of the Three Sovereigns): Sardinia and France defeat Austria in Solferino, northern Italy. 1866 – Battle of Custoza: An Austrian army defeats the Italian army during the Austro-Prussian War. 1880 – First performance of O Canada at the Congrès national des Canadiens-Français. The song would later become the national anthem of Canada. 1894 – Marie François Sadi Carnot is assassinated by Sante Geronimo Caserio. 1901–present 1913 – Greece and Serbia annul their alliance with Bulgaria. 1916 – Mary Pickford becomes the first female film star to sign a million-dollar contract. 1918 – First airmail service in Canada from Montreal to Toronto. 1922 – The American Professional Football Association is renamed the National Football League. 1932 – A bloodless revolution instigated by the People's Party ends the absolute power of King Prajadhipok of Siam (now Thailand). 1938 – Pieces of a meteorite land near Chicora, Pennsylvania. The meteorite is estimated to have weighed 450 metric tons when it hit the Earth's atmosphere and exploded. 1939 – Siam is renamed Thailand by Plaek Phibunsongkhram, the country's third prime minister. 1940 – World War II: Operation Collar, the first British Commando raid on occupied France, by No 11 Independent Company. 1943 – US military police attempt to arrest a black soldier in Bamber Bridge, England, sparking the Battle of Bamber Bridge mutiny that leaves one dead and seven wounded. 1947 – Kenneth Arnold makes the first widely reported UFO sighting near Mount Rainier, Washington. 1948 – Cold War: Start of the Berlin Blockade: The Soviet Union makes overland travel between West Germany and West Berlin impossible. 1949 – The first television western, Hopalong Cassidy, starring William Boyd, is aired on NBC. 1950 – Apartheid: In South Africa, the Group Areas Act is passed, formally segregating races. 1954 – First Indochina War: Battle of Mang Yang Pass: Viet Minh troops belonging to the 803rd Regiment ambush G.M. 100 of France in An Khê. 1957 – In Roth v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment. 1960 – Assassination attempt of Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt. 1963 – The United Kingdom grants Zanzibar internal self-government. 1973 – The UpStairs Lounge arson attack takes place at a gay bar located on the second floor of the three-story building at 141 Chartres Street in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Thirty-two people die as a result of fire or smoke inhalation. 1975 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 66 encounters severe wind shear and crashes on final approach to New York's JFK Airport killing 113 of the 124 passengers on board, making it the deadliest U.S. plane crash at the time. This accident led to decades of research into downburst and microburst phenomena and their effects on aircraft. 1981 – The Humber Bridge opens to traffic, connecting Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. It remained the world's longest bridge span for 17 years. 1982 – "The Jakarta Incident": British Airways Flight 9 flies into a cloud of volcanic ash thrown up by the eruption of Mount Galunggung, resulting in the failure of all four engines. 1989 – Jiang Zemin succeeds Zhao Ziyang to become the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. 1995 – Rugby World Cup: South Africa defeats New Zealand and Nelson Mandela presents Francois Pienaar with the Webb Ellis Cup in an iconic post-apartheid moment. 2002 – The Igandu train disaster in Tanzania kills 281, the worst train accident in African history. 2004 – In New York, capital punishment is declared unconstitutional. 2010 – At Wimbledon, John Isner of the United States defeats Nicolas Mahut of France, in the longest match in professional tennis history. 2010 – Julia Gillard assumes office as the first female Prime Minister of Australia. 2012 – Death of Lonesome George, the last known individual of Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii, a subspecies of the Galápagos tortoise. 2013 – Former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi is found guilty of abusing his power and engaging in sex with an underage prostitute, and is sentenced to seven years in prison. 2021 – The Champlain Towers South condominium in Surfside, Florida suffers a sudden partial collapse, killing 98 people inside.
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