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pompadourpink · 1 year

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Les déterminants

Les articles

#1. Indefinite articles (unknown noun)

Un (masculine sg) > j'ai une chienne - I have a dog

Une (feminine sg) > j'ai un chat - I have a cat

Des (plural) > il y a des oiseaux dehors - there are birds outside*

#2. Definite articles (known noun)

Le + consonant, L' + vowel (masc sg) > le dîner est servi - dinner is served

La + consonant, L' + vowel (fem sg) > la table est prête - the table is reay

Les (plural) > les invitées sont là - the (female) guests are here

#3. Partitive articles (portion of the noun, not all of it)

Du > je vais prendre du café - I'm going to get coffee

De la > je voudrais de la salade - I would like some salad

Des > le matin je mange des céréales - In the morning I eat cereals

*Des becomes De 1/ when there is an adjective before the noun > tu as de beaux yeux - you have got nice eyes or 2/ in negative sentences > je n’ai pas de chaussettes - I don’t have socks.

N.B. When attached to prepositions à or de, le and les become contracted articles: au (à + le), aux (à + les), du (de + le), des (de + les): au clair de la lune - in the moonlight, j’ai des allergies - I have allergies.

*

Les déterminants possessifs

#1. For a single owner

Mon, ton, son (masculine singular) - my, your, his > mon chat est blanc

Ma, ta, sa (feminine singular) - my, your, her* > sa chienne est noire

Mes, tes, ses (plural) - my, your, their > son lapin est gris

*When a feminine noun following a possessive determiner starts with a vowel, we use the masculine version > c'est mon amie - she's my friend.

#2. For several owners

Notre, votre, leur (singular) - our, your, their > notre chien est vieux

Nos, vos, leurs (plural) - our, your, their > leurs chats sont jeunes

N.B. French focuses on the gender of the property > c’est son chien - it's his/her male dog (there is no information given about the owner).

*

Les déterminants démonstratifs

Demonstrative determiners (from verb montrer - to show, point at) are used to point out the thing or person that is being talked about. They all start with the letter C (mnemonic: here's what I want you to "see").

Ce + consonant, c' + vowel (masc singular) - this > cet arbre est grand

Cette (fem singular) - this > cette maison est immense

Ces (plural) - these > ces fenêtres sont en bois

Les déterminants exclamatifs et interrogatifs

Quel (masculine singular) > quel est ce bruit ? - what is that noise?

Quelle (feminine singular) > quelle belle maison ! - what a beautiful house!

Quels (masculine plural) > quels drôles d'oiseaux ! - what peculiar people!

Quelles (feminine plural) > tu vas acheter quelles chaussures ? - which shoes are you getting?

NB. In front of a stative verb (être, rester, sembler...), those determiners become modifiers and therefore agree with the noun they are referring to > quelle était sa surprise quand je suis arrivée ! - what great was her surprise when I arrived!

Les déterminants indéfinis

Indefinite determiners are used when the object is vague or unknown, can come with another determiner (les quelques - the few) or be locutions formed by a quantity adverb and the preposition de. Some are invariable. They can express:

A non existent quantity: aucun-e - no(ne), pas de - no > Tu n'as fait aucun effort !

A quantity of one: chaque* - each, n'importe quel-le - any

A quantity slightly over two: un peu de - a little of, quelques - a few, plusieurs - several, certain-es - some, d'autres - some others (works with certains)

A large quantity: beaucoup de - a lot of, trop de - too much of, la plupart de - most of suffisamment de - enough of, tant de - so much, différent-es - many, divers-es - various, énormément de - a great amount of

Everything: tout, toute, tous, toutes > Tu as mangé tous les chocolats !

*Chaque is not very common except in à chaque fois (every time), one would typically use tous with a plural (tous les jours, not chaque jour).

N.B. It's always beaucoup de. Beaucoup des is sinful and punishable by death.

*

Les déterminants cardinaux numéraux

Cardinal determiners express a quantity and take the place of an article. They are invariable (can't agree in gender or number) except for one (un, une) + twenty and hundred that get an -s when there's no other number after (vingt, cent: cent-trois but deux cents) + thousand, million, billion that can be pluralised (millier, million, milliard)

*

L'article zéro (physically absent but theoretically present)

#1. Proper nouns

Je vis à Paris (works for cities and islands),

C’est Noël (holidays),

Je l'ai vu sur Facebook (brands),

Tu as rencontré Isabelle (first and last names)

#2. Regular nouns

Des livres pour enfants, des croquettes pour chats (categories),

Pierre qui roule n’amasse pas mousse (proverbs),

Hommes, femmes, enfants (enumeration),

Avoir faim, sans crainte, homme de loi (locutions),

Elle part vendredi (about something happening a particular day),

Appartement à vendre, sel de mer (signs, labels),

Céline Dion, reine du metgala (apposition)

Movie: La Jetée - Chris Marker, 1962 (inspo for Terry Gilliam's Twelve monkeys)

Other posts: is it les or des?

#déterminants #basique #grammaire

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clemm00n · 2 months

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#meme #french #french memes #memes #funny shit #I am sorry #But this only works in french #😥#funny memes #grammar #grammaire #writer #writer memes #french writer #I really hope that the french side of tumblr will find this #français #blagues #blague française

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elmaxlys · 1 year

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#grammaire #french #upthebaguette #french side of tumblr #frenchblr #what the france #tumblr français #frenchposting #languages #polls #my poll #sondage #sondages

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lauve-french · 6 months

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Bonjour, et bienvenue dans une nouvelle vidéo ! Aujourd'hui nous allons voir comment reconnaître une question en français : 🔹 À l'écrit 🔹 À l'oral 🔹 Thème / Vocabulaire : demander de l'aide

des explications et un exercice pour vous entrainer ! 🇫🇷

🇫🇷 → Comment cela se passe t-il dans votre langue ? Y a - t-il des différences entre les phrases déclaratives et interrogatives ? Des différences à l'écrit et à l'oral ? 🗪 🇬🇧 → How is it in your native language? Are there differences between sentences and questions ? Differences in writing and speech?

Écrivez vos réponses en commentaire 🗯️✍️ Write your answers in the comment section!

À bientôt pour de nouvelles vidéos ! 😊

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lemonadeandlanguages · 8 months

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if I order/command someone in French will I say “tu marches” or “tu marche”

Hi!

You actually would omit the "tu" altogether, and just say "marche" :)

Orders and commands use the impératif which doesn't require the use of pronouns, since it's only used with tu, nous and vous, all of which have distinct conjugations that allow people to know who it refers to.

The endings for the verbs in impératif are:

For verbs in the first group (regular verbs ending in -er):

(tu) -e -> e.g. marche, aime, visite

(nous) -ons -> e.g. marchons, aimons, visitons

(vous) -ez -> e.g. marchez, aimez, visitez

For verbs in the second group (regular verbs ending in -ir):

(tu) -is -> e.g. finis, agis, accomplis

(nous) -issons -> e.g. finissons, agissons, acomplissons

(vous) -issez -> e.g. finissez, agissez, accomplissez

For verbs in the third group (irregular verbs ending in -ir, -re, and -oir):

(tu) -s -> e.g. cours, mets, vois

(nous) -ons -> e.g. courons, mettons, voyons

(vous) -ez -> e.g. courez, mettez, voyez

Other verbs in the third group are conjugated a bit differently, such as faire and aller:

Faire: fais, faisons, faites

Aller: va, allons, allez

This ended up being a bit longer than expected but hopefully it helps!

#been a while since ive made a post like this lol #french #français #grammaire #impératif #imperative

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gramemoofficiel · 3 months

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Louper le coche — #lexpressiondumardi 186/52

Bonjour, soyez les bienvenus pour la cent quatre-vingt-sixième édition de #lexpressiondumardi ! Elle vous présente l’expression familière “Louper le coche”. Continue reading Untitled

View On WordPress

#lexpressiondumardi #embûches de la langue française #expression écrite #expressions #FLE #gramemo #grammaire #grammaire française #langue française #vocabulaire

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francepittoresque · 9 months

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23 juillet 1692 : mort de l’historien et grammairien Gilles Ménage ➽ http://bit.ly/Gilles-Menage Une mémoire remarquable, jointe à une grande avidité de savoir, et qui dominait toutes ses autres facultés, semblait l’appeler de préférence aux succès de l’érudition, vers laquelle se portait encore presque exclusivement le génie littéraire

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languageleo · 1 year

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voici un guide de grammaire inclusif, il inclus des neopronoms populaires !

#resources #language learning #langblr #french language #languages #frenchblr #french langblr #francais #french #inclusive language #grammaire #grammaire inclusif #leo posts

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yourjadedmuse · 10 months

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the sexual tension between my ability to write a contextual statement with improper punctuation, capitalization and subject-verb agreement vs. the urge to buy a grammar book.

#dark academism #dark academia #studyblr #writing #spilled thoughts #writeblr #random musing #rambles #academia #grammaire #grammatik #books and reading #writing and stuff #language #literature #academia thoughts #ramblings #tension

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culturefrancaise · 1 year

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“[...] on ne peut pas parler de langue sans parler de société.”

#linguistique #grammaire #langue #language

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pompadourpink · 1 year

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Les autres pronoms

Possessive pronouns (mine, ours)

Masc. sg.: le mien, le tien, le sien, le nôtre, le vôtre, le leur

Fem. sg.: la mienne, la tienne, la sienne, la nôtre, la vôtre, la leur

Masc. pl.: les miens, les tiens, les siens, les nôtres, les vôtres, les leurs

Fem. pl.: les miennes, les tiennes, les siennes, les nôtres, les vôtres, les leurs

Ex: tu pensais que tu avais pris tes lunettes mais c'étaient les miennes - you thought you had taken your glasses but they were mine

Demonstrative pronouns

They replace demonstrative determiners followed by a noun

They can be one of three types: prepositional (c'est celle de Laure - it's Laure's), relative (les robes en soie sont celles que je préfère - silk dresses are the ones I prefer), or nominal (j'ajoute à cette lettre celle de mon fils - I add to this letter the one of my son).

Singular - celui (m), celle (f): celle en bleu - the blue one

Plural - ceux (m), celles (f): ceux-là sont mieux - those are better

Neutral - ceci - this (rare), cela - that, ça - this (short for cela): ça ira - that will be fine, c’/ce*: c’est un chien - this is a dog, ce sont des chats - those are cats

N.B. Adverbial particles -ci (short for ici) and -là are added to indicate the distance. Celui-ci means this one (close), celles-là those ones (far away).

*Do not mix up the masculine singular demonstrative determiner ce that is followed by a singular masculine noun (ce chat est blanc - this cat is white) and the demonstrative pronoun ce that is followed by est/sont (is/are) or a relative pronoun (c'est ce qu'il m'a dit - that is what he told me; ce sont les chaussures qu'il a choisies - those are the shoes he chose)

N.B. C'est is used with a noun: c'est un gentil garçon - he's a nice boy, an adverb: c'est si joli - it's so pretty, or a masculine singular adjective when talking about a situation or activity: c'est facile - it's easy. Il/Elle est is used with adjectives when talking about living beings or things: elle est grande - she's tall, in expressions: il était une fois - there one was, before a past participle: elle est partie - she's gone.

Relative pronouns

Relative pronouns represent the nouns placed in front of them

Que/qui

subject (qui), when talking about living beings or things and describing them, placed before a verb: la fille qui porte un pull rouge aime la glace - the girl that is wearing a red jumper likes ice cream

indirect object (qui), when talking about people, after a preposition, placed before either a determiner and a noun or a pronoun (la fille à qui tu as parlé aime la glace - the girl you talked to likes ice cream)

direct object (que), when talking about living beings or things, placed before either a determiner and a noun or a pronoun (la fille que tu aimes aime la glace - the girl you love likes ice cream)

Quoi

object, when talking about things, often vague (something, nothing): c’est ce à quoi j’ai pensé toute la journée - that is what I thought about all day long

Dont

possessive phrase (complément de nom): je bois dans une tasse dont la anse est cassée - I’m drinking from a mug that has a broken handle

indirect object, equivalent of "of which": le livre dont je t’ai parlé est sorti - the book I told you about is out

adjective object: les filles sont allées à un concert de Rihanna, dont elles sont fan: the girls have gone to a Rihana’s concert, whom they are fans of

Où

adverbial phrase of place: la chambre où je dors est la plus grande de la maison - the room I sleep in is the biggest in the house

adverbial place of time: septembre est le mois où je suis née - September is the month in which I was born

Compound relative pronouns

Auquel, duquel, lequel (marriage of prepositions à, de, le and of simple relative pronouns)

subject - rare, literary: j’ai appelé ma mère, laquelle m’a informée de ton accident - I called my mum who told me about your accident)

object, about things or animals: les chaises sous lesquelles je suis cachée sont en bois - the chairs under which I am hidden are made of wood; c’est l’endroit duquel il est parti - this is the place from which he left; les hommes auxquels elle parle sont allemands - the men she is talking to are German

Neutral relative pronouns

They are built by adding ce, which can be roughly translated as "the thing", to dont, que, qui and used when the antecedent isn't mentioned or when it's a clause often after a comma.

Ce qui is the subject of the verb that follow: je ne sais pas ce qui est tombé - I don’t know what fell down (word by word I don't know the thing that has fallen), j’ai eu un accident, ce qui explique pourquoi je suis en retard - I got in an accident, which explains why I’m late

Ce que or ce qu' is used as a direct object and is generally followed by a subject and a verb: ce que je te demande, c’est d’être à l’heure - what I’m asking you is to be on time (word by word the thing that I ask of you it is to be on time), c’est ce que je voulais dire - that’s what I meant

Ce dont is used as the preposition de’s object: ce dont j’ai peur, c’est qu’il revienne - what I'm afraid of is that he will come back (word by word the thing of which I'm afraid, it is that he comes back), c’est précisément ce dont je veux te parler - that is precisely what I want to talk to you about

N.B. To stress a point, we can use ce qui/que/dont + c’est/ce sont: ce qui me plaît le plus, c’est ta robe - what I most like is your dress.