#First Bulgarian Empire

[bulgarian-royal-glory]

Tzar Simeon I The Great is one of the most successful bulgarian tzars. With his campaigns against the Eastern Roman Empire, the magyars and serbs he led Bulgaria to its greatest territorial expansion ever, making it the most powerful state in Eastern and Southeast Europe. His rule is also known as the Golden age of Bulgaria when was the Bloom of bulgarian art and literature. During the reign of Tzar Simeon were built many of our monasteries, churches and castles.

Artist: Dimitar Giudjenov

#Bulgaria #Tzar Simeon I #Royal Bulgaria #Medieval Bulgaria #Medieval #Golden age #Churches #Monasteries #Art #Literature #First Bulgarian Empire #Dimitar Giudjenov

[estbela]

Me thinking about the fact that during the 19th and 20th centuries there were several proposals to unify romania and bulgaria, mostly made by bulgarians: alrighty, now how can I make this angsty

#Just talking recreationally #Hetalia #Bulgaria #Romania #Aph #Hws #Yeah im feeling brave today and maintagging my random thoughts XD #Ro/bul is like my main ship when im looking for angst and shit. The opportunities are endless #I like that they werent always allies yknow? #Ill be honest I also like unrequited/one-sided ro/bul(at first) with bul being in love. Like head over heels for Ro #While romania seemingly is not. #And like. In my hc romania has commitment issues and trust issues(i will elaborate on this one day haha) in general so like. #He might care about bulgaria somewhat(and might even love him?) but the proposals for an union kinda Scare him. #And even if they were allowed to unite. He has so many fears about that. Most of them boil down to: #“What if we are incompatible. What if we ruin our friendship. What if it ends badly.” #I mean. They last time they were sorta united was during the second(and maybe first?? Idk at the moment) bulgarian empire. #And they didnt always get along even then. Etc etc #Im tired atm so sorry if some of these dont make sense. My hcs and ideas are actually a bit more complex but I dont feel like really #Explaining them at the moment. Also if I messed up some history sorry. Also a lot of ideas for their relationship I didnt even mention haha #Do people even read the tags

[mapsontheweb]

How many letters are in each European alphabet?

by hunmapper

Latin Alphabet Dominance: Most European languages use the Latin alphabet, which originated from the ancient Romans. This alphabet has been adapted and modified to suit the phonetic needs of various European languages. Cyrillic Alphabet: While many European languages use the Latin script, some, like Russian, Bulgarian, and Serbian, use the Cyrillic alphabet. This script was developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 9th century by Saints Cyril and Methodius. Special Characters: Several European languages include special characters in their alphabets. For example, German has the "umlaut" (ä, ö, ü), French uses accents (é, è, ê), and Spanish has the "ñ." These characters often indicate specific phonetic nuances. Diacritical Marks: Diacritical marks, such as accents, tilde, and cedilla, are commonly used in European alphabets to modify the pronunciation of letters. For example, in Spanish, the letter "ñ" is pronounced differently than "n." Scandinavian Languages: The Scandinavian languages, including Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish, use a modified version of the Latin alphabet that includes additional characters such as å, ä, and ö. Gaelic Alphabets: Irish and Scottish Gaelic have their own distinct alphabets. The Irish Gaelic alphabet, for instance, has 18 letters, and it includes accented characters and a unique order compared to the standard Latin alphabet. Greek Alphabet Influence: The Greek alphabet has had a significant impact on European alphabets. Several letters from the Greek alphabet have been incorporated into the Latin script, especially in scientific and mathematical contexts.

#maps #hunmapper #igsourced #europe #letters

[useless-bulgariafacts]

October 26th is Dimìtrovden/Mitrovden (Димитровден), or the Orthodox feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki. (Bulgarian: Свети Димитър Солунски) He is a 3rd-4th century Christian saint and great martyr (великомъченик) from the city of Thessaloniki in Greece, of which he is the patron saint.

Hagiographies refer to St. Demetrius as a young man of a senatorial family, who became proconsul and was tasked with persecuting Christians in the at the time still pagan Roman Empire. However, being himself Christian, he instead protected them, for which the emperor had him jailed. He was later speared to death as punishment for the defeat of the gladiator Lyaeus at the hands of Demetrius' disciple, Nestor. This marked the beginning of his veneration by Christians in the area, which grew in the following centuries, as he was said to guard the city against raiders.

Albeit not one originally, during the Middle Ages St. Demetrius came to be revered as a warrior saint, and iconography portrays him riding on a red horse, running a spear through various enemies — often Lyaeus, but also whoever was locally perceived as an enemy. In Greek icons, this is sometimes the Bulgarian tsar Kaloyan, while in Bulgarian ones — the Byzantine emperor Basil II The Bulgarslayer, or later on, a Turk. St. Demetrius is also associated with the founding of the Second Bulgarian Tsardom, specifically the uprising of the brothers Petăr and Asen, which broke out on Oct. 26th, 1185. The St. Demetrius church in Veliko Tărnovo (pictured above) was built in commemoration the event, and served as a coronation site of Asen dynasty tsars, who claimed him as their patron.

Traditionally, Dimitrovden marks the end of the seasonal transition from fall to winter, a period which begins on Oct. 14th with Petkovden. Bulgarian folk mythology casts the saints George and Demetrius in the role of twin brothers, whose respective holidays split the year into its warm and cold halves. The latter, elder of the two, ushers in the cold and darkness, as he rides in on his red horse and the winter's first snowflakes sprinkle down onto the earth from his beard. As St. George's opposite and counterpart, he takes on the qualities of a chthonic deity, and thus has connotations to death and the Beyond — under his patronage the so-called Dimitrovska Zadushnica takes place on the Saturday prior to Dimitrovden, one of several such holidays where food is given out in honor of deceased ancestors. Perhaps this is also why, in addition to St. George, folk imagination places him as a brother to Archangel Michael and nephew to St. Paraskeva/Petka.

Dimitrovden is the true end to the year's agrarian cycle — the harvest now over, it's time to put the farm tools away, make sure the animals have shelter and firewood is stocked up. It's also when farmhands and other labourers' contracts expire and they get rehired for the year ahead, which is why the day is also known as Razpust (Разпуст). As with other big holidays, a community-wide celebratory feast is held, and the customary ritual meal (or kurban) is mutton. The biggest ram is chosen, a pair of gold-painted apples are placed onto its horns and those present bow before it, after which it's slaughtered and cooked, and receives a priest's blessing before being served. Festivities are accompanied by music and horo (group dancing), which again has an intended matchmaking function. Namesakes of the saint celebrate the occasion, too — but they're traditionally served a chicken or rooster dish, according to gender. Other foods for Dimitrovden include corn, seasonal fruit and derived dishes, such as apple pita, pestil (a type of plum dessert), rachel (pumpkin syrup), etc.

Another activity which traditionally ends on Dimitrovden is construction work — a new house is supposed to have been completed by then, and the homeowners celebrate by throwing their own feast with a kurban, and inviting friends and relatives to witness the house being blessed by the master mason and the priest. The feast day has therefore been adopted as a career holiday of builders and masons.

The day's connection to the mysterious and otherworldly has inspired various beliefs and rituals of prognostic or divinatory nature, and anything from the weather and moon phases, to the behaviour of farm animals is observed carefully and used to make future predictions. Characteristic is the custom, known as polazvane (полазване), wherein members of the household make note of the first person to visit them, to physically cross the threshold into their home, and interpret them as a portent of things to come. Also, according to old treasure hunting legends, Dimitrovden is when "the sky opens" and buried gold emits a blue-ish flame just above ground.

Dimitrovden is part of the group of holidays, based around the idea of transition and liminality; between fall and winter, between the world of the living and of the dead. The Christian and pre-Christian symbolism intertwine, the martyr death of the saint mirrors the "death" of nature as the earth is covered in snow and daytime engulfed by darkness. And crucially — for a people whose perception of time follows nature's cycles — the coming of winter brings not only a period of calm and rest, but the promise of spring and renewal.

#Bulgaria #Slavic #Balkan #Eastern Europe #Orthodox #folklore #mythology #customs #Dimitrovden #here you go bulgarian halloween pt.2 #I am again sorry it's several days later but it took a while to write ok

[renegade-hierophant]

Collection of Old Church Slavonic texts in PDFs

I've been collecting Old Church Slavonic texts that have been dated to the 9th and 10th century Great Moravia and the First Bulgarian Empire, and reconstructed to as close to the original as possible with restored orthography, since most surviving copies are from much younger manuscripts and some details might have been lost in transmission and changes to the orthography.

LINK (Google Drive folder)

All files with (g) at the end also contain text in the Glagolitic alphabet.

PLEASE SHARE!!!

#old church slavonic #slavonic #glagolitic #great moravia #bulgaria #medieval #manuscripts #text #slavic #philology #linguistics #languages #christianity #book of enoch #bible #gospels

[mariacallous]

Looking for a Shabbat dinner centerpiece or a hearty midweek meal? Picture cubes of eggplant, zucchini, bell peppers, tomatoes and potatoes cooked together to create that special harmony only veggies that grew together in the sun achieve. You’re thinking of ratatouille, right? But what I have in mind is a heartier dish from Romania and Bulgaria called ghiveci or guvech.

Romanian ghiveci and Bulgarian guvech are indeed very similar to the famous ratatouille, but being peasant’s food, they’re more rustic and substantial. The veggies for guvech are cut into large, uneven chunks, and can be cooked all together at once, while for ratatouille, each component is fried separately before they are combined. This makes guvech preparation much easier, and allows for creative improvisations; you can easily add any vegetables in season. Besides the mandatory eggplant, zucchini, peppers, tomatoes and potatoes, green beans or okra are common. Guvech is seasoned very simply with salt, black pepper and occasionally paprika, to let the produce shine. The Bulgarian version is cooked with fatty meat, while most Romanian versions are vegan.

“In Bulgaria, guvech used to be cooked in a clay pot called gyuveche,” Etti Ben Yosef, a Bulgarian Jew who lives in Israel, told me. “The stew was cooked in the oven for many hours at low temperature.” 

But these days, when Ben Yosef makes guvech for Shabbat dinner, she uses a pressure cooker to precook the beef short ribs before adding them to the vegetables. Then, she cooks the entire stew on the stove for a long time, putting it in the oven for the final hour to give it a nice crust. She feels lucky to share the recipe with her adult children. “I keep the tradition so the kids will remember,” she said.

Guvech’s origins can be traced to the Ottoman Empire that ruled the Balkan region for hundreds of years. The original Turkish dish, called güveç, is cooked in a wide, clay dish by the same name. It’s very similar to the Bulgarian guvech and includes chicken, lamb or beef. There are many other variations of the dish throughout the Balkans. Bosnian Đuveč or djuvec is the name of a clay pot as well as a veggie casserole that’s cooked with rice; Greek giouvetsi is also cooked with rice. In Romania, the eggplant-tomato version is considered summer ghiveci, while winter ghiveci is prepared with carrots, cabbage, cauliflower and mushrooms. 

Bulgarian Sephardi Jews and Romanian Ashkenazi Jews brought guvech to Israel (where it’s pronounced “ghe-vech”) and made the dish widely popular. No wonder, given that eggplant and tomatoes are so beloved in Israel and are of such high quality. Early Israeli versions can be found in Molly Bar David’s “Folkloric Cookbook” from 1964. The first version includes 14 different vegetables (including celery root and cauliflower) and meat. The second version is for Romanian ghiveci that’s baked with a whole fish on top.

The vegetarian Romanian version is probably most common in Israel nowadays. And although it is  traditionally served over rice, I like to serve it on another Romanian staple, mamaliga. It’s the definition of comfort food. 

This recipe is the Bulgarian version of guvech that includes meat. You can make the recipe vegetarian by simply omitting the meat. The rest of the ingredients and instructions stay the same.

Notes:

It is recommended, and easy, to add any seasonal vegetables to the basic guvech. Consider adding: 1 lb butternut squash or sweet potato, cut into ½-inch dice; ½ lb whole okra, stems removed; or ½ lb green beans, cut into 1-inch pieces.

You can cook the meat, if using, up to two days in advance. Store the cooked meat in the fridge with the cooking liquid. Before using, remove from the fridge and discard the fat on the top of the pot (the fat will be solid and white in color). 

Guvech keeps in the fridge for up to four days.

[beardedmrbean]

Hey I been thinking like how the Native Americans had slaves (okay not all), how black peoples are shocked to have slave owner ancestry, or how in Canada, they were surprised that a tribe who got their land back decided to make condos on it

Wait did they check the economic backgrounds? I sure hope the leftists don’t think that the natives never had any form of economy/ holy shit

Dear god ac3 and prey 2020 represented native Americans better leftists mindset?

But do leftists think that history is like a Disney cartoon?

Like we must abolish the electoral college because it was created during the time of slavery

Because leftists never show how out of they are

You probably seen it, but people say we should treat shit like DoorDash like vaccines….

Would like a slice of Antonine cake?(yes I know that propaganda) no wait the nobles would treat me better that these Americans aristocrats

Also this https://x.com/fuckkoroks/status/1773690311341986038?s=46

So as you know Shogun take place in the Tokugawa era. And funny enough, I suspect the reason why Yasuke will help unify Japan so the Japanese won’t be at the mercy of the growing European colonial empires in ac red

I’m just wondering how many college educated people have the mentality that they learned the bad stuff white people did in middle school?

But dear white people I don’t hate you…probably because of my dysfunctional white stepfamily and the trainwreck of my stepmom

But this tweet https://x.com/thestrxggler/status/1773497095774974416?s=46

Okay I grew up in the 00’s and 10’s and fortunate to have a black family that value academics

But when you say liking sci-fi, fantasy, speaking proper English, like animation, or preferring to have good grades is talking/acting “white”

You doomed yourselves trying to put me into tribalism bullshit.

Hey I been thinking like how the Native Americans had slaves (okay not all), how black peoples are shocked to have slave owner ancestry, or how in Canada, they were surprised that a tribe who got their land back decided to make condos on it

One of if not the first person to gain lifetime bondage of another human being in the land that would become the United States was a black man.

Not many cultures in the world that did not practice some form of slavery. You win a war you have your choice of, POW's which need to be fed and housed so now they need to earn their keep, crippling the opposing army like they did with the Bulgarian army when they blinded 99 out of every 100 men and the 1 only got to keep one eye, hostages which whatever counts as nobles or their family members, there's the mass slaughter method which was Vlad Tepes fav he was a hostage so he got 2 of those.

Because you ain't just going to let your defeated foes walk home, unless it's the US civil war, and they even got to keep their guns because 2A is for everyone USA USA USA.

But do leftists think that history is like a Disney cartoon?

Lord no, you should see what they say about Pocahontas, lol.

Like we must abolish the electoral college because it was created during the time of slavery

3/5 compromise, ya south wanted to inflate it's population with people it didn't consider human so, to put it crassly and bluntly, they fought for the right for their farm equipment to be counted as people, but just for the numbers to increase their representation.

Illegals being counted on the census accomplish the same end.

This'll go right up there next to Russia wasn't an empire because it shared land borders with the territories it conquered.

Maybe Jacobin would also like to discuss the Ainu and see how that works out in terms of colonization. Granted both groups have been there for so long there's not really much to say about colonization likely more just human migration to the same place.

So as you know Shogun take place in the Tokugawa era. And funny enough, I suspect the reason why Yasuke will help unify Japan so the Japanese won’t be at the mercy of the growing European colonial empires in ac red

Haven't seen the new one, love the one from the 80's one of the best ways to start to learn Japanese imho, since a fair chunk of the dialogue is in Japanese. 10 of 10 highly recommend watching the whole 8+ hours of it, fairly historically accurate even down to the pederasty being a thing.

I’m just wondering how many college educated people have the mentality that they learned the bad stuff white people did in middle school? But dear white people I don’t hate you…probably because of my dysfunctional white stepfamily and the trainwreck of my stepmom

Likely a fair number, as for the dear white people you have self awareness and can differentiate between a individual and a group

Oh that's gonna hurt some feelings, lol.

Be interesting to get the response to, stop acting white, to be a accusation of racism, especially when it's things like doing well in school and speaking in standard english.

Okay I grew up in the 00’s and 10’s and fortunate to have a black family that value academics But when you say liking sci-fi, fantasy, speaking proper English, like animation, or preferring to have good grades is talking/acting “white” You doomed yourselves trying to put me into tribalism bullshit.

See comment above this section for my response,

and good timing finished just as I need to leave for Good Friday service.

#zoomer huey anon

[lactodebillus-bulgaricus]

HWS Bulgaria

I'm redoing the pool because I forgot to set the poll duration to 1 week.

Who is he, when was he born, who is he related to? What is y'all's opinion? (I'm curious, I'd be happy if you wrote why you chose the option you chose)

(shout-out to @jalshristovski & @athenov & @chido3000 who replied on my first post on this topic, I like your ideas and I'm happy you shared them)

Idea No.1: He's the son of Old Great Bulgaria (OGB for short) and the brother of Volga Bulgaria (VB for short) who came to the Balkans. He was born in the 7th century and represented Asparukh's Bulgars who were distinct from the Slavs, once the Bulgars were assimilated by the Slavs and the Bulgar name was given to the mixture, he began representing the Slavic Bulgarians. He used to believe in the pagan Bulgar religion, then he became an Orthodox Christian.

(Is he the biological son of OGB, or did he pop out of nothing in 681, bearing strong resemblance to OGB? Is he his son in the biological, human way, or is he his son in the weird Hetalia way?)

Idea No.2: He was born from the mixing of Slavs and Bulgars in the 9th century, his mom is a Slavic tribe and his dad represented Asparukh's Bulgars (or vice-versa), he's the grandson of OGB and the nephew of VB.

Idea No.3: He's a Slav, he has been a Balkan Slav all along, he is the descendant of some Slavic tribe. He was adopted by the avatar who represented Asparukh's Bulgars and inherited the name Bulgaria from her or him, then his adoptive mother or father died in the 9th century when the Bulgars got assimilated. He might be related to some of the Balkan Slavs.

Idea No.4: He appeared out of nothing once the Bulgars got assimilated by the Slavs and he doesn't have any biological parents. He looks Balkan and is unrelated to the other Balkan Slavs or, overall, Balkan countries, at least not in a biological, human-like way. He may be related to Thracian tribes, to the Odryssian kingdom, or to other Slavic countries (in the weird, non-human Hetalia way) as circa half of modern-day Bulgarans' genes is local, Balkan/Mediterranean and circa half is Slavic/East European.

There's this idea that maybe he was born in 1878 (as he isn't shown in Hetalia before that), with the Second Bulgarian Empire as his father and the First Bulgarian Empire as his grandfather, but that doesn't make any sense, the idea of Bulgaria, Bulgarianness and the Bulgarian ethnicity have existed continuously, yes, the Bulgarian state was nonexistent for almost half of our 1300 years of history (500 years under the Ottomans and almost 200 years under the Byzantines) but Poland didn't die when he was partitioned, Finland didn't die when he was under Russian rule, so it's nonsensical to make the First and Second Bulgarian Empire different characters who have died.

(I go with Idea No.1 in my crackfic because the dynamic of Bulgar, Onoghur, Volga and Danube Bulgaria is funny to me, but if I ever wrote a serious work, I could use a different idea)

(Feel free to suggest other ideas.)

#hetalia #hws bulgaria #aph bulgaria #hetalia bulgaria

[luminescenc1e]

🆂🅻🅰🆅🅸🅲 🅼🆈🆃🅷 & 🅵🅾🅻🅺🅻🅾🆁🅴 🅰🅱🅾🆄🆃 🆅🅰🅼🅿🅸🆁🅴🆂

In South Slavic folklore, a vampire was believed to pass through several distinct stages in its development. The first 40 days were considered decisive for the making of a vampire; it started as an invisible shadow and then gradually gained strength from the lifeblood of the living, forming a (typically invisible) jelly-like, boneless mass, and eventually building up a human-like body nearly identical to the one the person had had in life. This development allowed the creature to ultimately leave its grave and begin a new life as a human.

The vampire, who was usually male, was also sexually active and could have children, either with his widow or a new wife. These could become vampires themselves, but could also have a special ability to see and kill vampires, allowing them to become vampire hunters.

In Southern Slavic folklore, Serbia is considered the birthplace of vampires. Not many Serbian words have become internationally recognized, but the one that has made quite an impact, as we all know the word “vampire” (Serbian vampir). During the 18th century, Austrian officials noted that the Slavic population in the northern country’s region of Vojvodina (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), was digging out and re-murdering cadavers, calling them “vampires.”

The Bulgarian Bogomil Magi (upper clergy) produced apocrypha during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and these documents do give us some insight into the Bogomils' beliefs. God represents the Force of Creation, which is opposed by the equally powerful Force of Destruction.

Man avoids the forces of darkness through restoration through utilizing the four elements: bathing and washing; air (ventilation of the house and living outside); greeting the sun in the morning; and recognizing the celestial creations in the evening; and, of course, through the sermons of the church;

Burial of the dead takes place outside of the town and is done only during the evening after sunset or during the predawn hours;

It is forbidden to bring dead bodies into a church, because dead bodies belong to the Force of Destruction. (Perkowski)

Entrenched in the Bogomil belief system are the seeds for what eventually becomes modern vampire lore. Primarily that the early Slavs believed that the body (as matter) is evil and representative of Satan while the soul is holy and deserving of reincarnation. It is easy to see how Bogomilistic views on demonology combined with the dualistic natures of the Force of Destruction and its need to destroy the Force of Creation birthed the vampire. The continual battle between Destruction and Good can be encapsulated by a demon's ability to animate a corpse that sucks the blood (i.e. life force) from a living person.

Pre-Christian practices on the Baltic coast are described by Helmold in his Chronicle of the Slavs (1164-1168):

"... after the victim is felled the priest drinks of its blood in order to render himself more potent in the receiving of oracles. For it is the opinion of many that demons are very easily conjured with blood ... The Slavs too, have a strange delusion. At their feasts and carousals they pass about a bowl over which they utter words ... in the name of the gods ... of the good one, as well as the bad one--professing that all propitious fortune is arranged by the good god, adversity by the bad god.

If we take the association of corpses with evil forces (i.e. the Force of Destruction) and combine it with demons, which hound men and women in order to deplete them of their life force, we can easily see how mundane illnesses can be attributed to vampires. The killing of the vampire is also rooted in Bogomilistic beliefs. Since most medieval philosophies held that the head and the heart were the repositories for a person's emotions and desires, it made perfect sense to pierce both the head and heart in order to curb the violent desire for destruction exhibited by the vampire. Cremation occurs in order to execute the "ultimate separation of elements belonging to the force of good and those belonging to the force of evil" 

#MUSING #MUSE : PETER BLAGOJEVIC #I think the history about how why and where the myth of the vampire started #and also this is one of the main reasons why I have my slavic #muses bc the background of it is so fascinating #and in the universe of vampires that are based on literature #be it bram stoker or anne rice #all the way to twilight #I do think it is interesting to go back to where all of it started and to write it #also if anyone wants to write with peter #you know where to find me #slavic mythology #vampire lore

[arthurdrakoni]

Flag of the Pueblo Sultanate

This is the flag of the Pueblo Sultanate. It comes from a world where the Ottoman Empire established colonies in the New World. The Ottomans began in the Caribbean, and soon went on to conquer Mexico. Eventually, the Ottomans made their way to the American Southwest, and subjugated the Pueblo peoples. Life was harsh for the Pueblo people under Ottoman colonialism. Pueblo people were forced to toil away in silver mines to feed the Ottomans’ hunger for precious metals. Several madrasas were established with the intent to convert the Pueblo peoples to Islam. In theory, the madrasas would provide aid, education, and social services to the Pueblo people. In practice, however, the imams often subjected their charges to horrific abuse. Despite this, Islam did manage to spread among the Pueblo peoples. The Pueblo peoples begged for a savior. But where could he be? 

The Pueblo people received their answer in the form of a charismatic preacher named Po’Pay. Despite the similar name, he is a separate individual from the Po’Pay of our world. This Po’Pay preached the highly syncretic religion that combined indigenous Pueblo beliefs with Islamic liberation theology. This was in sharp contrast to the Islam of the Ottomans, which frowned upon syncretism, and suppressed indigenous beliefs. Po’Pay teachings began to spread, and soon Po’Pay a revolt against the Ottomans. Though the fight was hard, at last the Pueblo peoples were free from the Ottoman yoke. The Pueblo peoples began to think of themselves not as a collection of disparate tribes, but as a united people sharing in a common destiny. 

 Po’Pay organized the tribes into a sultanate, with himself as the first sultan. However, the sultan would not rule alone. An assembly of tribes was created. Representatives of each tribe could voice the opinions and concerns of the tribe to the assembly. Thus, the Pueblo Sultanate became the first representative monarchy in the New World. The Pueblo Sultanate stretches over much of what would be he American Southwest.   The Pueblo Sultanate is famous for begin very tolerant, open-minded, and accepting of peoples with different beliefs. Most citizens practice Pueblo Islam, but don’t try to push it on other people. Most women do not veil, and most Pueblo citizen wear traditional indigenous-style clothing. to Po’Pay developed a written script based upon Arabic, and the Pueblo Sultanate is home to several libraries and other centers of learning. In fact, the Great Pueblo Library is world renown for its expansive collection of books. Qurans are written in the Pueblo script, and the call to prayer to announced in the various Pueblo languages. The Pueblo Sultanate is also quite famous for its cooking. Pueblo cuisine combines cooking techniques from the Eastern Mediterranean with spices and ingredients of the American Southwest. The Pueblo Sultanate has a noticeable minority of Greeks, Serbians, Bulgarians, and Amazighs. They are mostly descended from slaves brought over during the days of Ottoman colonialism.  

Also, the Pueblo Sultanate isn’t actually called the Pueblo Sultanate in-universe, but I couldn’t think of a better name.  The flag includes the sun symbol of the Zia people, and the crescent moon of Islam. This is a reference to the Sultanate’s mixed indigenous and Islamic heritage. The blue band represents turquoise, an important stone to many Pueblo peoples. The green band represents prosperity, and green is a color associated with Islam. The yellow band is there because it goes well with everything else. 

Link to the original flag on my blog: https://drakoniandgriffalco.blogspot.com/2022/06/flag-of-pueblo-sultanate.html?m=1

#alternate history #flag #flags #alternate history flag #alternate history flags #vexillology #alt history #Pueblo Sultanate #Pueblo Tribes #Pueblo Peoples #american southwest #Ottoman Empire #Islam #native americans #native american #indigenous people #indigenous #Pueblo #america #north america #united states #USA #united states of america #Pueblo People

[ancientorigins]

Follow the captivating tale of the First Bulgarian Empire, from its founding by Khan Asparuh to the eventual decline of the Bulgars in this epic journey of ambition and triumph.

#Bulgaria #Bulgars #warfare #Byzantine Empire #empire

[estbela]

anyway i want to say that my sudden interest in Bulagria(and RoBul) is unwilling. I didnt like Bulgaria and i didnt wnat to like him 😭😭😭😭😭 I just started thinking about him a little bcs of Romania and before i knew it he just became one of my faves. I dont want him living rent free in my brain but here we are

#Just talking recreationally #And now I do like RoBul! #I guess. Mostly if Serbia is also involved so it becomes SerbRoBul #SerbRo is still my main ship for Romania #But if I ever do write the story i wanna write involving them I think Ill make SerbRoBul endgame. Idk #Actually I do like RoBul. But like. Only if they are tragic #They can make eachoter better. But they can also make eachoter WORSE #Also they probably met during the first bulgarian empire. #I probs said this before but. Bul developed a crush on Ro soon after meeting him. #The crush never went away. It turned into love and affection and devotion for Ro #Cause i feel like hes the guy that once he falls in love with someone its hard for him to like. Move on #So yeah. Hes so. Besotted i think is the word. #Miserably besotted. He probably writes poems about romance too. And the pain that follows love. #Hes so. Reminds me of the romantic academia aesthetic. #Sorry for rambling in the tags. It will happen again #I feel like he wanted to marry Ro since they were children. Probably even promised him that they would. #And Ro at the time said yes. But then the fall of the second empire happened. And when they finally were sorta able to marry #They werent allowed to. And Romania didnt want to anymore. Which was probably what hurt Bul the most

[mapsontheweb]

Territories of the First Bulgarian Empire by the approximate number of years in the empire

#maps #bulgaria #rule length

[roran01]

what do you imagine ro & bul's first ever encounter to have been like?

Hm, maybe during the second Bulgarian empire. Ro's status back then wouldn't have been very different from a regular citizen/peasant, at best I think he represented the consciousness of his future state that didn't form yet, which kept him immortal till it did (countries can exist many centuries before forming themselves, e.g: Italy being present during Rome's times).

Bulgaria had a higher status since he was already a formed medieval state, maybe royalty or nobility. Romania was a young teen with maybe a 4 year (human) age gap compared to Bul. As for how they meet, Bulgaria either caught glimpse of a child who suspiciously ages slower compared to other kids and ordered for him to stay at his castle or Romania/Wallachia did something stupid enough to get him in trouble with his majesty (I like the latter) and as a punishment he had to be Bul's servant or supervisor and report to the king (or worse, both). Ro likely shrugged himself off as just another personified territory of the empire in hopes to not get killed(?) during all of this (apparently those exist too).

I like to think they had a rocky start in their relationship, with Ro trying to find ways to leave the castle while Bul took joy in pestering him most of the times and Ro reciprocated that in his ways but they warm up to each other later on.

#until Ottoman knocked on their door #hetalia #hws #aph #aph romania #hws romania #aph bulgaria #hws bulgaria #aph robul

[renegade-hierophant]

Ukrainian features in Old Church Slavonic texts

Already in the 11th century when Old Church Slavonic became the official written language in Kyivan Rus, after ton of books were brought in from the collapsed First Bulgarian Empire after Rus warriors conquered Preslav in 971, and 60 years later under Yaroslav the Wise began copying them and composing new texts, features of the vernacular entered the texts here and there when the scribes failed to write them in the Bulgarian spelling. So for example in the Izbornik of Svyatoslav of 1073 we have the following words:

жития instead of житие чоловика instead of человѣка уставивъ instead of уставилъ помогає instead of помогаетъ Володимиръ instead of Владимиръ Дмитрови instead of Димитрию попови Ивану instead of попу Ивану

The theory is that there never was a common East Slavic language, but rather from the very beginning there were dialects that evolved directly from Proto-Slavic to modern Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Muscovite Russian without an intermediary dialect common to all of them.

The idea of a common East Slavic or Old Russian language is, as most things in East Slavic linguistics are, the product of Russian imperialist agenda to claim all of former Kyivan Rus under their dominion.

"One language to rule them all, in the land of Russia where the shadows lie."

#ukrainian #ukraine #slavic #slavs #old church slavonic #linguistics #languages #history #etymology

[hetacupid]

Hetalia Human Names

NOTE: This is my personal interpretation and the names may diverge from canon and established fanon. Also I might update this every so often to make it more accurate, depending on the information I find.

Table of Contents

The Main Characters

Western Europe

Northern Europe

Eastern Europe

Southern Europe

Western Asia

South Asia

East Asia

Southeast Asia

Oceania

Micronations

Former nations

The Main Characters

Italy Veneziano: Feliciano Vergano

I chose the name Vergano instead as it keeps the essense of the original surname, but is actually Italian.

Italy Romano: Lovino Vergano

Germany: Ludwig Beilschmidt

Japan: Kiku Honda

Prussia: Gilbert Beilschmidt

America: Alfred Franklin Jones

I like the headcanon of his middle name being "Freedom", but Franklin is my personal favourite.

England: Arthur James Kirkland

I came across this in a fic a while back and never looked back. This man needs a middle name.

France: Francis Bonnefoy

Russia: Ivan Braginsky

China: Yao Wang

Canada: Matthew Williams

Western Europe

Austria: Roderich Edelstein

Belgium: Laura Janssens

Liechtenstein: Erika Vogel

Luxembourg: Henri Janssens

I've also used the name Gabriel before, but it doesn't seem to be used much in Luxembourg, so Henri would be more fitting.

Monaco: Louise Bonnefoy

The name Louise and it's masculine variant, Louis, appear a few times in the Monaguesque royal family.

Netherlands: Willem Janssens

Willem appears a few times in the Dutch royal family, and it sounds a bit older than other suggested names, which reflects his age and general vibes imo. I really like this name.

Switzerland: Sebastian Zwingli

Personally I see his name "Basch" as a nickname for Sebastian. It's also easy to adapt to his official languages: Sebastian/Sébastién/Sebastiano. The Romansh variant would be Bistgaun, but the archaic version seems to be Bastgaun, which is more similar to Basch. I headcanon that he goes by the name "Basch" in all languages to make it more cohesive.

Northern Europe

Denmark: Mathias Rasmussen

I'm from Scandinavia myself and I don't know if it's widespread, but I've heard people say "all Danish people are named Rasmus" more than once, so I like to incorporate that into his surname.

Estonia: Eduard Kaasik

Around 50% of Estonia is covered in forest, and one of the most common tree types is birch. Kaasik is a common surname and means "birch forest".

Finland: Timo Väinämöinen

Iceland: Eiríkur Steinsson

Steinsson means "son of Stein (given name meaning stone)",. Also Emil isn't traditionally Icelandic, but it's widely used. Personally though, I prefer the name Eiríkur.

Latvia: Raivis Bērziņš

The surname Galante corresponds with the modern Latvian opera singer Inese Galante, but I couldn't find anything to suggest it's commonly used or that it's Latvian at all. Bērziņš is one of the most used Latvian surnames and means "birch tree", like Estonia's surname. Personally, I don't see the Baltics as siblings, but I think this would be a cute reference.

Also, based on what I read, surnames became common in Latvia around the 19th century, with Bērziņš being one of them. Latvia could have picked up whatever the people around him (Estonia) was using and made it his own.

Lithuania: Tolys Laurinaitis

Norway: Sigurd Bondevik

Sweden: Berwald Oxenstierna

Eastern Europe

Belarus: Natalya Arlovskaya

Bulgaria: Mihail Petrov Isporov

Isporov is the family name and is derived from an alternative name of Asparukh, the first king of the First Bulgarian Empire.

Czech: Tereza Novakova

Hungary: Erzsébet Héderváry

Moldova: Marcel Popescu

Poland: Feliks Łukasiewicz

Romania: Vladislav Popescu

Slovakia: Jozef Novak

Ukraine: Iryna Chernenko

Southern Europe

Greece: Herakles Karpusi

Portugal: João Silva Ferreira

Spain: Antonio Fernandez Carriedo

Western Asia

Cyprus: Stasinos Karpusi

Stasinos was one of the first European poets who wrote the epic poem Cypria.

Turkey: Sadiq Adnan

TRNC: Tarkan Adnan

South Asia

India: Rajesh Thakur

East Asia

Hong Kong: Leon Wang / Wong Kulung

Macau: Chen Wang

South Korea: Im Yong-soo

Taiwan: Mei Lin

Southeast Asia

Thailand: Prasert Chakri

Vietnam: Lien Nguyen

Africa

Cameroon: Emmanuel Mawdo Ahidjo

Many of the most commonly used forenames in Cameroon are of French or English origins, such as Emmanuel.

Mawdo means ‘elder’ in Fulfulde.

Ahidjo refers to the first president of Cameroon.

Egypt: Gupta Muhammad Hassan

Seychelles: Michelle Mancham

Americas

Cuba: Carlos Machado Rodríguez

Oceania

Australia: Daniel Kirkland

New Zealand: Zachary Kirkland

Micronations

Hutt River: Christopher Kirkland

Kugelmugel: Leopold Edelstein

Ladonia: Erland Oxenstierna

Molossia: Jacob Jones

"JJ" :)

Sealand: Peter Kirkland

Seborga: Romeo Vergano

Okay listen. I have no explaination, I just really like this name. Also, if the names of the trio is Peter, Wendy, and Romeo, they're all named after characters from literature. I think that's fun.

Wy: Wendy Kirkland

Former Nations

Ancient Egypt: Neferure

References the only biological child of Hatshepsut.

Ancient Greece: Helene

Ancient Rome: Marcus Valerius Maximus

Marcus is the praenomina (given name) and refers to how Romulus and Remus were said to have been twins of Mars, the god.

Valerius is the nomen gentilicium (hereditary name) and means “to be strong”.

Maximus is the cognomen and means “the greatest”.

Germania: Alaric

Holy Roman Empire: Otto Beilschmidt

Personally I like the idea that HRE and Germany aren't the same person, but share the same body.

#hetalia #hetalia human names #hetalia headcanons #hetalia axis powers #hetalia allies #hetalia nordics