Shrinking Technology, Expanding Horizons: Compact Chips Advance Precision Timing for Communications, Navigation and Other Applications - Technology Org
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Shrinking Technology, Expanding Horizons: Compact Chips Advance Precision Timing for Communications, Navigation and Other Applications - Technology Org
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and its collaborators have delivered a small but mighty advancement in timing technology: compact chips that seamlessly convert light into microwaves. This chip could improve GPS, the quality of phone and internet connections, the accuracy of radar and sensing systems, and other technologies that rely on high-precision timing and communication.
NIST researchers test a chip for converting light into microwave signals. Pictured is the chip, which is the fluorescent panel that looks like two tiny vinyl records. The gold box to the left of the chip is the semiconductor laser that emits light to the chip. Credit: K. Palubicki/NIST
This technology reduces something known as timing jitter, which is small, random changes in the timing of microwave signals. Similar to when a musician is trying to keep a steady beat in music, the timing of these signals can sometimes waver a bit. The researchers have reduced these timing wavers to a very small fraction of a second — 15 femtoseconds to be exact, a big improvement over traditional microwave sources — making the signals much more stable and precise in ways that could increase radar sensitivity, the accuracy of analog-to-digital converters and the clarity of astronomical images captured by groups of telescopes.
The team’s results were published in Nature.
Shining a Light on Microwaves
What sets this demonstration apart is the compact design of the components that produce these signals. For the first time, researchers have taken what was once a tabletop-size system and shrunken much of it into a compact chip, about the same size as a digital camera memory card. Reducing timing jitter on a small scale reduces power usage and makes it more usable in everyday devices.
Right now, several of the components for this technology are located outside of the chip, as researchers test their effectiveness. The ultimate goal of this project is to integrate all the different parts, such as lasers, modulators, detectors and optical amplifiers, onto a single chip.
By integrating all the components onto a single chip, the team could reduce both the size and power consumption of the system. This means it could be easily incorporated into small devices without requiring lots of energy and specialized training.
“The current technology takes several labs and many Ph.D.s to make microwave signals happen,” said Frank Quinlan, NIST physical scientist. “A lot of what this research is about is how we utilize the advantages of optical signals by shrinking the size of components and making everything more accessible.”
To accomplish this, researchers use a semiconductor laser, which acts as a very steady flashlight. They direct the light from the laser into a tiny mirror box called a reference cavity, which is like a miniature room where light bounces around. Inside this cavity, some light frequencies are matched to the size of the cavity so that the peaks and valleys of the light waves fit perfectly between the walls. This causes the light to build up power in those frequencies, which is used to keep the laser’s frequency stable. The stable light is then converted into microwaves using a device called a frequency comb, which changes high-frequency light into lower-pitched microwave signals. These precise microwaves are crucial for technologies like navigation systems, communication networks and radar because they provide accurate timing and synchronization.
“The goal is to make all these parts work together effectively on a single platform, which would greatly reduce the loss of signals and remove the need for extra technology,” said Quinlan. “Phase one of this project was to show that all these individual pieces work together. Phase two is putting them together on the chip.”
In navigation systems such as GPS, the precise timing of signals is essential for determining location. In communication networks, such as mobile phone and internet systems, accurate timing and synchronization of multiple signals ensure that data is transmitted and received correctly.
For example, synchronizing signals is important for busy cell networks to handle multiple phone calls. This precise alignment of signals in time enables the cell network to organize and manage the transmission and reception of data from multiple devices, like your cellphone. This ensures that multiple phone calls can be carried over the network simultaneously without experiencing significant delays or drops.
In radar, which is used for detecting objects like airplanes and weather patterns, precise timing is crucial for accurately measuring how long it takes for signals to bounce back.
“There are all sorts of applications for this technology. For instance, astronomers who are imaging distant astronomical objects, like black holes, need really low-noise signals and clock synchronization,” said Quinlan. “And this project helps get those low noise signals out of the lab, and into the hands of radar technicians, of astronomers, of environmental scientists, of all these different fields, to increase their sensitivity and ability to measure new things.”
Working Together Toward a Shared Goal
Creating this type of technological advancement is not done alone. Researchers from the University of Colorado Boulder, the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, the University of California Santa Barbara, the University of Virginia, and Yale University came together to accomplish this shared goal: to revolutionize how we harness light and microwaves for practical applications.
“I like to compare our research to a construction project. There’s a lot of moving parts, and you need to make sure everyone is coordinated so the plumber and electrician are showing up at the right time in the project,” said Quinlan. “We all work together really well to keep things moving forward.”
This collaborative effort underscores the importance of interdisciplinary research in driving technological progress, Quinlan said.
Paper: Igor Kudelin et al. Photonic chip-based low noise microwave oscillator. Nature. Published online March 6, 2024. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07058-z
Source: NIST
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once again i am asking tumblr to hold public polls for users to vote on potential changes. imagine if you were the 'respect our users opinion website'. like that could be us but apparently not.
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birthdays.
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So there's an actual in game reason you can't get lynel weapons anymore??
So I was looking over the monster statues, just examining the design, when I notice something I'd seen but never really twigged:
Those are nuts and bolts. Huh. That's not natural, that's been added on. In fact, you can still see part of the original scratchy lynel horn from botw underneath, even if it has mutated a bit like all the other horned monsters.
See, lynels, with lizalfos in a lesser way, are the only enemies in the game with the intelligence and cunning to forge weapons. A lizal can only manage one boomerang, shield or bow with varying spikes and occasionally repurpose some hylian armour (and often loot anyway), but lynels are capable of creating their own unique metals and using it to completely outfit themselves. Armour, bows, shields, spears, clubs, and swords, complete with sheaths and harnesses and decoration!
But in totk the particularly pointy ones are missing, leaving only shields, armour, and bows. Their weapons were subject to the Decay as well, but instead of trying to use them anyway, what did they do? They broke down their own weapons and repurposed them as enhancements to their own horns! Extra defence and a new devastating attack!
But... For what reason? They could have kept using those weapons just fine, everyone else is! It probably would have been more practical to start attaching things to the end, like the goblins have all started doing (albeit with mixed results, they seem to inordinately favour mushrooms). Why would the most feared enemy in the game feel the need to put more points into defence and intimidation, even sometimes utilising the rock armour?
What would they be feeling the need to so strongly defend from, even to the point of sacrificing huge attack power over it?
...
Link. It's Link.
The 5 nothing hero of hyrule, who built a whole community of speed running, styling on, brutally murdering lynels almost exclusively again and again and again. Moldugas, hinox, talus, they haven't changed a bit! They weren't at the center of every flashy slow mo clip since the first game came out!
But lynels in totk are running scared, they're building bigger horns to look scarier and armour to hide in, because once they need to get their short range weapons out its already over, or maybe link will just stop farming them for top tear weapons XD.
Tldr: unlike other monsters, which have branched out to kidnapping, riding flying monsters and rolling big spiky balls, lynels have gone entirely the other direction in order to try and scare the hero off after the last round of stylish massacres, and attached their old decayed gear to their horns.
Tldr tldr: botw link is the reason you can't get lynel weapons in totk because he scared them too much.
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I'm very tired of hearing the "why doesn't Kingdom Hearts cater to ME, a person who doesn't want to have to care about it. Kingdom Hearts should stop rewarding the people who are deeply emotionally invested in it and should instead care only about Me, Casual Fan who only wants to give a shit every 5-10 years or so, what about MY feelings" argument. Jesus fucking Christ. It's been 22 years. Suck it up and go play a Halo then.
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omar as a spiderman variant when
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I did a remake of my old design about my version of Jak's mother! Feirah, a wastelander and artifact runner. You can see other drawing about her with her son here.
She was away from Spargus all the time because she had some important missions to do outside.
I decided to not add her bio here, despite of I wrote a lot about her, because I've changed some stuff about her backstory, besides some details are important spoilers about my fanfic (yep, finally I'm going back to keep writing it! Actually I've been working on it, but I couldn't post anything new because I was still fixing plot holes of Jak 3 and doing other stuff).
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EVERYONE SHUT UP NEW BH LEVEL UP VID
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Detecting Storms Thanks to GPS - Technology Org
New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/detecting-storms-thanks-to-gps-technology-org/
Detecting Storms Thanks to GPS - Technology Org
Researchers at ETH Zurich have succeeded in detecting heavy precipitation events directly with GPS data. The results of their study could significantly improve meteorological monitoring and forecasting.
Electric discharge during a thunderstorm. Image credit: Pxhere, CC0 Public Domain
An exceptionally severe storm swept over Zurich on 13 July 2021 shortly before 2 a.m.: howling squalls, constant lightning and torrential rain woke people up with a start. Benedikt Soja, Professor of Space Geodesy, also got little sleep that night. “It was one of the most severe storms I’ve ever witnessed. I woke up in the middle of the night and could see the storm raging through the window,” he remembers.
The scale of the storm was evident the next morning – fallen trees on streets and in parks, damaged rooftops and overhead tram lines pulled down in various parts of Zurich. The ground in the vicinity of the Hönggerberg campus was also strewn with branches and even entire trees. “The storm must have passed right over ETH,” says Soja.
GPS data outages
A GPS station on the roof of the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry on the Hönggerberg campus records the signals of various satellite systems around the clock. When examining the data of the night of the storm in more detail, Soja and his colleagues at the Institute couldn’t believe their eyes. “There were outages in the GPS data processing. We couldn’t understand at first what had caused them,” says Matthias Aichinger-Rosenberger, a former postdoc in Soja’s group and now a lecturer at ETH Zurich. When other stations also reported outages in the measurement of data from GPS and other satellite navigation systems for that night, the researchers started to analyse the raw data of the antenna on the Hönggerberg campus.
Lightning in the clouds – illustrative photo. Image credit: Johannes Plenio via Unsplash, free license
They were able to show in the study, which was published in the specialist journal external pageGeophysical Research Letterscall_made, that extreme weather events influence the quality of GPS signals and that these signals are therefore also suitable for detecting storms. It could one day even be possible to use them for the early detection and forecasting of thunderstorms.
The signal-to-noise ratio dropped
The scientists drew their conclusions from the analysis of the data of the storm of 13 July and of another storm in the summer of 2021. It became evident that the extreme weather events had an impact on the signal-to-noise ratio, which indicates how strong the satellite signals are that reach us on the earth. The higher the ratio, the better the quality of the signal.
“The signal strength that we measure with our antenna on the roof normally only changes minimally,” says Aichinger-Rosenberger. However, this was not the case on the two storm days: “The signal-to-noise ratio in the GPS data dropped considerably at the time of the storm. We saw that once the storm had moved on it was back in its normal range.”
In order to determine the precise time of the storm’s arrival and to check whether this matched the time when the signal-to-noise ratio dropped, the researchers compared their data with radar data of the University of Berne. “This confirmed our suspicion that there was a direct connection,” said Aichinger-Rosenberger.
Was it heavy rain or hail?
The researchers are certain that heavy precipitation is responsible for the sudden drop in the signal-to-noise ratio. What is not clear is which type of precipitation—rain or hail—has a greater impact and why. The scientists wish to find out in the future.
The measuring station on the roof of the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry receives data from GPS and other satellite navigation systems around the clock. Image credit: ETH Zurich / Benedikt Soja
As simple as the study’s result may sound, it is a breakthrough for space geodesy research. “It has never been proven yet that severe thunderstorms and other weather events with heavy precipitation significantly influence the signal-to-noise ratio,” says Aichinger Rosenberger. Until now, it has been assumed that GPS is a weather-independent system. Now, it appears that GPS data are sensitive enough to capture such atmospheric disturbances.
Forecasting precipitation more reliably
These findings could open up new prospects for the use of satellite navigation data in meteorology. “We now wish to collect more measurements in order to improve the forecasting of precipitation in weather models,” says Soja. Reliable precipitation forecasting still remains a major challenge. “Many other meteorological parameters such as the temperature can now be predetermined quite well with numerical weather models. Unfortunately, however, such models are often not good enough in the case of precipitation.”
In order one day to make use of the ETH researchers’ findings for forecasting, they need to be brought into relation to a weather model. “In order to transfer our observations to specific parameters such as the water and ice content in the air or the storm’s direction of movement, we need to collect and analyse further data. These findings could then be incorporated into a computer-based weather model in order to improve the forecasting of precipitation,” says Aichinger-Rosenberger.
More receivers needed for early detection
Storms still need to pass directly over the measuring station for GPS signals in order to be detected. Because the network of measuring stations is not sufficiently close-knit, the method is not yet suitable for the early detection of storms. “If, for example, we had thirty to forty stationary receivers around Zurich, we would be able to capture extreme weather events across the city accurately and also very cost-effectively,” explains Soja. “A dense network of stations could also be used to determine where storms are moving to and how fast.”
Such an early detection system could in future be used, for instance, to ensure safe air traffic, says Soja. “A dense network of GPS stations around the airport would enable a storm to be localised in real time and warnings to be issued to this effect.”
As well as refining the method, the scientists are also planning to expand their research work across Switzerland and at the European level, to enlarge their network accordingly. Although the severe storm in July 2021 caused a lot of local damage, it also enabled knowledge to be gained that could one day be applied globally.
Source: ETH Zurich
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heaven and hell
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the idea of kemonomimi being some kind of parasite/symbiote which perfectly explains the double set of ears is actually kind of genius
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this Tylenol ain’t shit w
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was watching tiktok and a video had the song michael in the bathroom playing and I was vicerally reminded of being in middle and high school and mom always mentioning how much I looked like my dad (his name is michael) and how I slowly was able to start noticing it too and whenever I sang the song it reminded me of him and I felt like we were overlapping too often felt like id never be anyone but a shadow or his mirror and then i began learning i was trans and now the song makes me think of him even more (he’s not a bad dad he tells me he’s proud of me and stuff there’s just two really big moments he unknowingly failed and one long continuous one but he loves me and he’s proud and he supports me and he didn’t mean it and ive learned to make that enough) and the weird flashback I got when I heard that song and overlapping with his face and how if I transitioned I almost fear I’d be his clone and yeah Anywyas banger song
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Warabi: Hi, welcome to rock shock. We have a sale If you buy one shirt you can get one free or a premium shirt 25% off....... I- op..... Wow!!!. I thought you were my dad for a second! I didn't even recognize you
Mhai: why do you look like that!! Where are your piercings?!? your tattoos!!...... Your tentacles!!! Your face!!!
Neta: I have to go to the bank today. To do some very important business. I have to present "professionally" so no piercings, No body mods, no tattoos visible. I had to use some makeup to cover my neck and hands. Face clean shaven, tentacles cut to an "appropriate" length.............*sigh*. it'll all grow back in 2 months.
Mahi: is it true when you cut your tentacles they turn into little guys or Is that like propaganda or something?
Neta: yeah they do that It's not as common you assume. The method to prevent that from happening is the twist and pinch method they take the base where you want to cut it. You pinch and twist and then cut the tentacle off that prevents it from actually growing and becoming a little octarians. Mine's been cut off so much it doesn't even do it anymore.
Warabi: I used to keep them as friends when I was little. I had one named Steve. He used to dance and stuff. My grandpa sent him to the military............... He's probably dead.
Taka: hey you twerps anyone know where my man is? I'm planning a surprise date for a third month anniversary
Neta: taka, I'm right here.
Taka: Neta!!! ...............…Your hair!?! You look......... different.
Neta: yeah..... I actually look like a normal everyday man....... Honestly I kind of like it. I like my tattoos and piercings it makes me feel like me. But sometimes I want to blend in..... No big clunky boots. Tons of rings, jewelry and battle vests. It's nice sometimes I just want to wear khakis..........I think I might keep it short for a while maybe grow it to mid length..............Yoooou liiiiike?......do you like normal Neta..... Come on the button down has to be doing something for you right?......... What about my clean face? If you told me you actually like the soul patch I'd assume you're lying to me.
Taka: uhhhhhhhh............. you look............uh...............very..............plain...... Your hair.......... is...........single toned. Hummmm
Neta: what's wrong taka? I thought you loved me for my extroverted nature, boldness and my outgoing personality. That didn't go away you didn't just fall in "love" with me cuz of my loooooooks. You like me for me not just the aesthetic. I think I might keep this look for a while. Let you get used to it. Why don't you come over tonight maybe watch a movie we can work on your album together. I know I said that I'll only play on one song. Maybe if you pushed the right buttons....... I might give in to anything really........... Anything you want. What do you say?................. Why don't you take suburban Dad Neta for a test drive? Huh? Huh?............(POP)..... That was my knee It's been doing that for a while need to get that checked
Taka:ehhhhh......uhh......hummmm..................no..... Not tonight . Ummm I got to discuss things with the band first yeah I need their input first Oh and I also need to talk to you know my producers and my recording studio everything......... But we can maybe do something later....................in the month when your hair grows out ...ok .........................bye..................ugh........ your loose earlobes.................ok bye.......[Kiss].......... I love you babe.................I really do.......... truly...... It's me not you
Neta:. Okay............ Jackass............... I shouldn't be surprised but am. Am I ugly? Without all my body mods?
Warabi: No, you're still hot for someone in their 30s
Neta: 30s is not that old.... But thank you
Mahi: can I kick his ass?
Neta: No mahi. You can't........but I don't control what you do outside of work.
(Epilogue)
Mahi: hey babe, if I suddenly stop dying my fins and start wearing regular clothes. Would you still like me?. ........... awww I knew you would...... Oh fuck no I'm not going to do it. I'll just asking. Bye
(Second, epilogue because why not?)
Neta: hey babe!
Ikkan: hey. Did you something with your tentacles? You look different.
Neta: do you like it?
Ikkan:ehhh I don't know I don't really have a preference for that. It's whatever you like honey. If that's what you want to look like, it doesn't change how I feel about you?.
Neta: thanks inkky I really need to hear that today.
Ikkan: though I do prefer you put in your gauges, It looks gross without them....
Neta: You're right....
Ikkan: I'm thinking of cutting off my tentacle or growing it out and kind of sick of the side shave.
Neta: not your iconic doo I say you grow it out
Ikkan: I was thinking of getting a buzz cut Maybe a mustache combo.
Neta: oooooo that sounds nice! Whatever you want babe.
Ikkan: I have to go to bed Love you bye
Neta: Love you too
Ikkan: seriously put your piercing back in. You look weird with holes in your face.
Text
Taka : sorry I was so weird back there babe I just wasn't used to the new look. I like it now it suits you. Do you want to go to dinner tomorrow night? ;)
Neta:...................... (Typing)
Neta:.... ................ (Typing)
Neta:.............. (Typing)
Neta: k
Mahi belongs to @fish-at-fish-fish-resort
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Understanding the scene of Ted putting the tie on Mike (Mike commenting on how it's too tight and it's choking him and Ted saying that's how it's supposed to be) in a very Mike-Ted parallels way. AND IT WAS ON FRONT OF A MIRROR TOO. Shrimp colors everywhere.
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