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muddypolitics · 1 year

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(via Florida's Child Welfare System Is Found to Be Complicit in Sex Trafficking)

According to a stunning new report published in the South Florida Sun Sentinel Monday, Florida’s foster care system has for years proven to be a breeding ground for sex trafficking victims, placing vulnerable kids and teens directly in the path of drug use, sexual and physical violence and, often, death. More damning, though, is the revelation that Florida’s elected officials have long been well aware of the crisis and have taken little to no action to save the state’s most at-risk girls.

The Sentinel’s analysis of data from Florida’s Department of Children and Families (DCF) showed that when a girl enters the state’s welfare system, her chances of being sex trafficked increase. Already a “top venue” for trafficking due to high volume of tourists and hotels, Florida has seen alarming increases in reports of child sex trafficking to the Florida Abuse Hotline, with 3,182 reports last year alone. Despite the increased risk, as of last month, the Sentinel reports there are just 18 family foster homes approved to care for trafficking victims in the entire state, and documents reviewed by the Sentinel show the state has for years known that sex traffickers specifically target underaged girls within its care.

Jayden Alexis Frisbee, the Sentinel reported, is one of the girls lost to Florida’s welfare system. She died last year at the age of 16 after she was shuffled between 16 different group foster homes within the span of a year and a half, only to repeatedly run away and fall prey to sex traffickers in the area. After she was beaten, abused, and drugged, she died in a Jacksonville Studio 6 motel bathroom. She had become the state’s responsibility but, following her death, officials took over a month to identify her body.

The insufficient care and concern well documented across the DCF is in part due to the Florida legislature’s 1998 decision to privatize the foster care system. Each county works with a private contractor who then hires subcontractors to run group homes. This vote, the Sentinel explains, took place after years of negative headlines detailing “neglected, abused or missing children” within the foster care system caused outrage amongst the public. The transfer of power to private organizations, then, was a means of “deflect[ing] blame away from the state.”

The original story is from the South Florida Sun Sentinel.

unfuckingbelieveable that this is the current state of child welfare in Florida, and yet desantis is going after... non-hetero KIDS and DRAG QUEENS.

to protect the CHILDREN

#Florida's Child Welfare System #complicit in sex trafficking #politics #desantis #FL #horrible people in the GOP

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csuitebitches · 2 years

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On Polishing my CV

I’m starting a career series for the next 30 days. Join me!

To give a little context, let me explain a few things about myself.

I just finished my undergraduate degree in business and entrepreneurship with a specialisation in finance.

I had previously co-founded a company in the EV (electric vehicle) charging space as COO (the company is no longer active).

I want to work with accelerators, investment funds, venture capital or private equity.

I haven’t landed a job yet. So the next 30 days, I’m focused on improving my CV for my job prospects whilst I move back to my home country.

I’m unsure if the formula I’m using for my finance career will work out, but I wanted to document it just in case it actually does.

Steps:

Current progress indicates as of 1st September 2022.

1. Completing the Private Equity Associate course from Financial Edge.

- I learned about the course from a YouTuber, “Angela.” It’s beginner friendly and they teach you everything, right from the excel basics to accounting to DCF methods.

Current Progress: 16%

2. Deciding the spaces I want to be in.

For now,

- Sustainability

- Fashion

- blue chip

3. Defining my current skill set

- Identifying weaknesses

- Strategic planning

- Marketing plans

- Pitch decks and pitching

- Reviewing financial documents

4. Knowledge

Improving my knowledge of the overall developments and trends in the industry, but also elaborate on the specific influences currently affecting the market. Keep up with the news.

5. Blogging.

Every site I’ve come across talks about the importance of blogging about companies and start ups that you find interesting. I think I’m going to start a YouTube channel instead.

Current Progress: 0 videos

6. Building a fantasy start up portfolio.

Current Progress: 0 start ups

7. Reach out to VCs to provide value.

I’m going to try and reach out to founders directly and see if that works out.

Current Progress: 0 new connections

Current connections: 310

8. Study IPOs

For my job : “Study the ins and outs of an initial public offering (IPO) that relates to the venture capital firm's niche interests and prepare your analysis. Discuss the potential you see for the company and how it could strengthen its market position.” (Found online).

Current Progress: 0 IPOs studied

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oaresearchpaper · 4 months

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#Anthropogenic activities #Degradation of vegetation cover #Indices of spatial structure #Remote sensing #Burkina Faso

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conneqtion · 1 year

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How to Discover the ROI of ERP Implementation Projects?

Determining the return on investment (ROI) of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system involves a process of analyzing the expected benefits against the costs of implementing and operating the system.

How to Calculate ROI of ERP Project?

Calculating the return on investment (ROI) for an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system involves comparing the expected benefits of the ERP implementation against its total cost.

Here are the steps to calculate ERP ROI:

Determine the total cost of the ERP implementation, including software licenses, hardware, consulting fees, employee training costs, and any other associated expenses.

Identify the expected benefits of the ERP implementation, such as increased efficiency, improved decision-making capabilities, reduced costs, increased productivity, and improved customer satisfaction.

Assign a monetary value to each expected benefit. For example, if the expected benefit is increased efficiency, calculate the potential cost savings associated with reducing manual efforts and eliminating duplicate data entry.

Estimate the time it will take to achieve each benefit and calculate the annual benefit for each benefit category.

Calculate the total expected annual benefit by adding up the annual benefits for each benefit category.

Subtract the total cost of the ERP implementation from the total expected annual benefit to get the total net benefit.

Divide the total net benefit by the total cost of the ERP implementation and multiply the result by 100 to get the ERP ROI percentage.

For example, if the total cost of the ERP implementation is $500,000 and the total expected annual benefit is $750,000, the total net benefit would be $250,000 ($750,000 - $500,000). The ERP ROI would be 50% ($250,000/$500,000 x 100). This means that for every dollar invested in the ERP system, the organization can expect to receive a return of 50 cents. It is important to note that the ROI calculation should take into account both short-term and long-term benefits and costs to get a comprehensive view of the ROI.

Determine the ROI of an ERP system

Here are the steps to determine the ROI of an ERP system:

Define the goals of the ERP system: Start by defining the goals of the ERP system, such as reducing operating costs, improving productivity, or enhancing customer service.

Identify the costs of the ERP system: Determine the total cost of the ERP system, including software licensing, hardware, consulting fees, employee training, and any other associated expenses.

Quantify the benefits of the ERP system: Identify the potential benefits of the ERP system, such as reduced operating costs, improved productivity, and increased revenue. Assign a monetary value to each benefit based on the potential financial impact on the organization.

Estimate the time to achieve benefits: Determine the time it will take to achieve each benefit and calculate the annual benefit for each benefit category.

Calculate the total expected annual benefit: Add up the annual benefits for each benefit category to get the total expected annual benefit.

Calculate the net present value (NPV) of the ERP system: Calculate the present value of the expected benefits minus the present value of the expected costs, using a discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis.

Calculate the ROI: Divide the NPV by the total cost of the ERP system and multiply by 100 to get the ROI percentage.

Conclusion:

ERP implementation can help you in many ways but without the calculation of Return on investment then you spend is totally lost. So make sure you have a good volume of return before investing in the ERP implementation. If you are planning to ERP implementation definitely you will conclude with the best oracle ERP cloud implementation, choose the service who has a year of expertise in oracle ERP implementation and the relevant field.

#erp implementation #erpcloud #erp software #erp implementation service #best erp implementation service #oraclecloudinfrastructure #oraclecloud #oracle implementation #erp modules #ERP software implementation

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finominaleducation · 1 year

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Examining the CFA Level 1 Syllabus: What are the Essential Exam Topics?

CFA Level 1 Syllabus Breakdown

CFA Level 1 is the first exam you will overlook in the CFA exam journey.

We cover the exam format, structure, and recorded pass rate in CFA Level 1 overview. This post concentrates on the CFA level 1 curriculum and outlines the 10 topic areas.

1. Honest and Professional Standards (Developing the Technique for CFA Level 1 Syllabus)

Ethics is one of the considerable significant CFA Level 1 topics representing 15% at this level. It encircles two major areas:

CFAI Professional Code Program

Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS)

The syllabus covers the structure of the Program, the nature of the codes and standards, as well the enforcement, application, and recommended procedures.

There are also examples of how the codes and standards can be applied, and recommended procedures should violations are made.

On GIPS, the syllabus covers the experience, key components, how they are executed, and what to do if there is a conflict between GIPS and local regulations.

2. Quantitative Methods

Quantitative methods represent 12% of all CFA Level 1 exam topics. It introduces the time value of money, descriptive statistics, and probability as tools for quantitative methods.

Time value of money

Time value of money calculations is basic tools used to support corporate finance decisions and to estimate the fair value of fixed income, equity, and other securities or investments.

Candidates should understand interest and discount rates in the context of the time value of money, and be able to perform various calculations e.g. discovering the coming value and current value, DCF, NPV, and IRR.

Descriptive statistics

This section covers basic statistical concepts, such as defining a parameter and a frequency distribution, calculating percentiles, coefficients, and Sharpe ratios, and interpreting standard deviations and skewness. It also covers applications such as sampling, estimation, and hypothesis testing.

Probability

Candidates will be tested on basic probability concepts, such as defining a random variable or outcome, distinguishing different types of probabilities and rules, calculating joint probability, explaining the tree diagram, and interpreting covariance and correlation

3. Economics

This topic area represents 10% of the CFA Level 1 syllabus. It covers the introductory concepts students typically learn in their first year of college.

Microeconomic analysis

Microeconomics is the study of the market behavior of consumers and firms through the basic principle of demand and supply.

Macroeconomics analysis

Macroeconomics looks at the bigger picture, looking at the aggregate output and income measurement, factors on economic growth, business cycles, as well as how monetary and fiscal policies are used to mitigate economic fluctuations.

We also consult economics in a global context, notably international trade, capital flows, and currency trade rates.

4. Financial Reporting and Research

This is basically financial accounting 101 (or a briefer version of FAR in the CPA exam). It begins with the introduction of principal financial reports: the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and statement of changes in owners’ equity, together with letters to those words, and management discussion and analysis of outcomes. Further financial analysis techniques are covered as nicely.

It also touches on financial reporting mechanisms, such as the basic concepts of accounting equations and accruals. The roles of financial reporting standard-setting bodies and regulatory authorities are also discussed.

5. Corporate Finance

Corporate finance is relatively small representing 7% of the CFA level 1 syllabus.

This section introduces the concept of capital budgeting, determining the required rate of return for a project, leveraging, alternative means of distributing earnings, and short-term liquidity and working capital management.

6. Portfolio Management

Although Portfolio management is not heavily weighted in Level 1 (7%), this is an important section that sets the framework for later chapters. It also builds a good foundation for portfolio management in Levels 2 and 3.

Comparable to most topic areas, Level 1 portfolio management is ideational in nature. It especially presents the concept of a portfolio technique for investments. It also resembles the kinds of pooled, risk management, portfolio risk, investment management products, and returns measures, as well as current portfolio theory.

#cfa institute #cfa course #cfa level 1 #cfa level 2 #cfa level 3 #chartered financial analyst #chartered financial analyst course #cfaexam #cfalevel1syllabus

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fin-markets · 2 years

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Corporate Valuation Methods

Today we are going to talk about the three main valuation methods used by industry experts to determine the value of a going concern entity.

#1 on our list if the comparable company analysis. This is the most widely used approach, as this method is easy and values can be calculated in a hassle free manner. This is the relative valuation method in which the analyst compares the current value of a business to other similar businesses by assessing trading multiples like P/E, EV/EBITDA, or other ratios. According to this method, if company X's stock trades at 10 times the P/E ratio and company Y has earnings per share of $4.5, then company Y's stock is traded at $45.

#2 is DCF Analysis method A DCF analysis is done by creating a financial model of the company on Excel, and it involves an extensive level of detail and analysis. The use of this method results in the most accurate valuation of the company. In this method, the analyst forecasts the business’ unlevered free cash flow into the future and discounts it back to today at the firm’s Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). Scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis can also be done in this process. Usually, for larger businesses, different DCF models are made for different divisions, then the figures obtained by each DCF model is added to obtain the final value of the firm.

#3 Precedent Transactions Analysis This is the least commonly used method as compared to the other two we just discussed. It is also a relative valuation approach, like comparable company analysis, where other businesses -in the same industry- that are bought/sold in M&A deals are considered. The values and figures obtained from such transactions are then adjusted to value the business under consideration. These values, however, quickly become outdated and unreliable for the purpose of accurate valuation.

~Lakshya Kapoor

#finance #business #corporate #companies #trade #banking #valuation #investment banking

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isiphonevpngood · 2 days

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Discount Rate Determinants

The discount rate is a crucial aspect in financial decision-making, especially in the evaluation of businesses and investments. It is commonly used in discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis to determine the present value of future cash flows. The discount rate reflects the time value of money and accounts for the risk and opportunity cost associated with an investment.

There are several key determinants of the discount rate that investors and analysts take into consideration:

Risk-Free Rate: The risk-free rate represents the return on an investment with zero risks, such as government bonds. It serves as the foundation for the discount rate calculation and is adjusted based on the level of risk associated with the investment.

Market Risk Premium: The market risk premium is the additional return investors expect to receive for taking on the risk of investing in the overall market instead of risk-free assets. It reflects the volatility and uncertainty of the market.

Beta: Beta measures the volatility of an asset compared to the overall market. Assets with higher betas are considered riskier and require a higher discount rate to compensate for the increased risk.

Company-specific Risk: Company-specific risk factors, such as industry competition, regulatory environment, and management quality, can also impact the discount rate. Investors may adjust the discount rate based on their assessment of these unique risks.

Economic Conditions: Economic indicators, such as inflation rates, interest rates, and GDP growth, can influence the discount rate. A strong economy may lead to a higher discount rate to account for higher opportunity costs.

By carefully considering these determinants, investors can calculate an appropriate discount rate that accurately reflects the risk and return characteristics of an investment, enabling informed decision-making and effective capital allocation.

Factors Influencing Discount Rate

The discount rate is a critical component in financial decision-making, influencing everything from investment appraisal to bond pricing. Understanding the factors that affect the discount rate is crucial for businesses and investors alike.

Risk-Free Rate: The risk-free rate serves as the foundation for the discount rate. It represents the return an investor expects from an investment with zero risk. Typically, government bonds, such as US Treasuries, serve as benchmarks for the risk-free rate.

Market Risk Premium: Investors demand a premium for taking on additional risk beyond the risk-free rate. The market risk premium accounts for the extra return investors expect for investing in the broader market rather than risk-free assets.

Beta: Beta measures the volatility or systematic risk of a security or portfolio compared to the overall market. A higher beta indicates higher volatility and thus a higher discount rate to compensate for the increased risk.

Cost of Debt: For companies, the cost of debt plays a significant role in determining the discount rate for future cash flows. The cost of debt is influenced by factors such as interest rates, creditworthiness, and market conditions.

Tax Rates: Tax rates can impact the after-tax cost of debt and equity, thus affecting the discount rate. Higher tax rates may increase the cost of capital for a business, leading to a higher discount rate.

Inflation Expectations: Anticipated inflation affects the purchasing power of future cash flows. Investors adjust discount rates to account for expected changes in the value of money over time.

Market Conditions: Market conditions, including economic growth, investor sentiment, and geopolitical factors, can influence the discount rate. Uncertainty and instability may lead to higher discount rates to reflect increased risk.

In conclusion, the discount rate is not static but rather dynamic, influenced by a variety of factors that reflect the risk and opportunity inherent in investment decisions. By carefully considering these factors, businesses and investors can make more informed choices when evaluating potential investments or projects.

Components of Discount Rate in NPV

When calculating the Net Present Value (NPV) of a project or investment, one crucial factor to consider is the discount rate. The discount rate plays a pivotal role in determining the present value of future cash flows. Here are the key components that make up the discount rate in NPV analysis:

Risk-Free Rate: The risk-free rate represents the return on an investment with zero risk, typically exemplified by government bonds or treasury bills. It forms the baseline for the discount rate and reflects the time value of money.

Risk Premium: To compensate for the additional risk associated with an investment compared to a risk-free asset, a risk premium is added to the discount rate. This premium varies depending on factors such as the industry, market conditions, and the specific project's risk profile.

Market Risk: The discount rate also incorporates market risk, which encompasses the volatility and uncertainty inherent in the broader financial markets. Factors like economic conditions, inflation rates, and geopolitical events influence market risk.

Company-Specific Risk: Every company faces unique risks related to its operations, industry, and competitive landscape. The discount rate may be adjusted to account for these specific risks, such as technological disruptions, regulatory changes, or management issues.

Time Horizon: The length of time over which cash flows are discounted impacts the discount rate. Longer time horizons generally entail greater uncertainty and, therefore, a higher discount rate to compensate for the additional risk.

Opportunity Cost: The discount rate reflects the opportunity cost of investing capital in a particular project rather than alternative investments with similar risk profiles. This considers the forgone returns from alternative uses of capital.

Understanding these components enables businesses to determine an appropriate discount rate for NPV calculations, facilitating more accurate investment decisions. By accounting for various sources of risk and the time value of money, companies can evaluate the feasibility and profitability of potential projects effectively.

Variables Affecting NPV Discount Rate

The Net Present Value (NPV) of an investment project is a critical metric used in financial analysis to determine its profitability. NPV calculates the difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over a project's lifespan, discounted at a specified rate. The discount rate used in NPV calculations significantly impacts the outcome, and several variables influence this rate:

Cost of Capital: The cost of capital reflects the return required by investors for providing funds. It comprises both debt and equity components and represents the opportunity cost of investing in the project.

Risk Premium: Projects with higher risk typically require a higher discount rate to compensate investors for the increased uncertainty. Risk factors may include market volatility, economic conditions, and project-specific risks.

Market Conditions: Fluctuations in interest rates and inflation levels directly affect the discount rate. In a high-interest-rate environment, the discount rate tends to be higher, reducing the present value of future cash flows.

Project Risk: The inherent risk associated with the project influences the discount rate. Riskier ventures necessitate a higher discount rate to reflect the additional risk borne by investors.

Time Horizon: The duration of the investment horizon impacts the choice of discount rate. Longer timeframes typically warrant a higher discount rate due to increased uncertainty and the opportunity cost of tying up capital for an extended period.

Tax Considerations: Tax implications such as tax rates and incentives affect cash flows and, consequently, the discount rate used in NPV calculations.

Understanding these variables and their influence on the discount rate is crucial for accurately assessing the viability of investment projects and making informed financial decisions. Adjusting the discount rate to account for these factors enables analysts to account for the inherent risk and opportunity costs associated with investment opportunities.

Determinants of Discount Rate in NPV Analysis

In the realm of financial decision-making, the Net Present Value (NPV) analysis holds significant importance in evaluating investment opportunities. One crucial element in NPV analysis is the discount rate, which is used to calculate the present value of future cash flows. The discount rate plays a pivotal role in determining the feasibility and profitability of an investment project.

There are several key determinants that influence the selection of an appropriate discount rate in NPV analysis. The first determinant is the cost of capital, which represents the minimum rate of return required by investors to compensate for the risk of investing in a particular project. The riskier the project, the higher the discount rate should be to reflect the increased risk exposure.

Another determinant is the time value of money, which states that a dollar received in the future is worth less than a dollar received today due to factors like inflation and opportunity cost. Therefore, the discount rate should incorporate these considerations to accurately reflect the present value of future cash flows.

Furthermore, market conditions and the overall economic environment can also impact the discount rate. Fluctuations in interest rates, inflation rates, and market risk premiums can lead to changes in the discount rate used in NPV analysis.

In conclusion, the discount rate in NPV analysis is a critical factor that influences the decision-making process when evaluating investment opportunities. By considering determinants such as cost of capital, time value of money, and market conditions, financial professionals can make informed decisions that maximize value and ensure the success of investment projects.

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stockmarketknowledge · 3 days

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How to Value a Company: 6 Methods and Examples

Valuing a company is a crucial process for investors, analysts, and business owners as it helps determine the worth of a business and guides investment decisions. There are several methods for valuing a company, each with its own approach and purpose. Here are six common methods for valuing a company along with examples:

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analysis:

DCF analysis estimates the present value of a company's future cash flows, using a discount rate to account for the time value of money. The company's projected cash flows are discounted back to their present value and summed to arrive at the valuation.

Example: If a company is expected to generate $100,000 in free cash flow annually for the next 5 years, and the discount rate is 10%, the DCF model would calculate the present value of each year's cash flow and sum them to get the company's value.

Comparable Company Analysis (Comps):

Comparable company analysis involves comparing the target company to similar companies (peers) in the same industry. Metrics such as price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio, price-to-sales (P/S) ratio, and enterprise value-to-EBITDA ratio are calculated for each peer and then applied to the target company's financials to estimate its value.

Example: If similar companies in the industry have an average P/E ratio of 15 and the target company's earnings per share (EPS) is $2, the valuation would be $30 per share (15 x $2).

Precedent Transactions Analysis:

This method involves analyzing recent acquisitions of similar companies to estimate the target company's value. The multiples paid in these transactions (e.g., P/E ratio, EV/EBITDA ratio) are applied to the target company to estimate its worth.

Example: If recent acquisitions in the industry were completed at an average EV/EBITDA multiple of 8 and the target company's EBITDA is $10 million, the company's value would be estimated at $80 million (8 x $10 million).

Asset-Based Valuation:

Asset-based valuation calculates a company's value based on its assets and liabilities. The net asset value (NAV) is determined by subtracting total liabilities from total assets.

Example: If a company has $50 million in total assets and $30 million in total liabilities, its net asset value would be $20 million ($50 million - $30 million).

Earnings Multiples:

This method uses multiples such as P/E ratio, P/S ratio, or EV/EBITDA ratio to value a company. The target company's earnings or revenue is multiplied by the industry average or historical multiple to estimate its value.

Example: If the target company's EPS is $3 and the industry average P/E ratio is 12, the company's value would be estimated at $36 per share (12 x $3).

Market Capitalization:

Market capitalization (market cap) is calculated by multiplying a company's current share price by its total number of outstanding shares. This provides a quick estimate of a publicly traded company's value.

Example: If a company's share price is $50 and it has 1 million shares outstanding, its market capitalization would be $50 million ($50 x 1 million).

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Each valuation method has its strengths and limitations and may provide different estimates of a company's value. Depending on the purpose of the valuation and the availability of data, multiple methods can be used together for a more comprehensive assessment.

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aimaindia · 11 days

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Mastering Financial Modelling: AIMA's Comprehensive Course

In the contemporary world of data-driven decision-making, proficiency in financial modelling has emerged as an indispensable skill, particularly in sectors like investment banking, equity research, and project management, and across various domains in the financial services industry. This article explores the significance of financial modelling and sheds light on AIMA's Financial & Valuation Modeling Program, providing a detailed overview of its curriculum and key learning objectives.

Financial Modelling

Financial modelling is the art of constructing a model using tools like Excel to represent financial statements and conduct investment analysis. It establishes a structure that integrates various statements and schedules, facilitating effective decision-making. A financial model essentially mirrors the performance of a business, a project, or any other investment, making it an invaluable tool in the arsenal of finance professionals.

AIMA's Financial & Valuation Modelling Program

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of AIMA's Financial & Valuation Modeling Program, participants will:

Build a financial model from scratch, mirroring practices at financial institutions

Master Excel, employing formatting best practices, efficient formula construction, and appropriate driver selections

Utilise Advanced Excel functions to present sensitivities to projected financial metrics

Address common modelling troubleshooting issues like circularity problems and iteration

Cross-check the Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement

Understand and perform valuation, including techniques, elements, and approaches to forecasting

Provide an overview of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and the Dividend Discount Model

Calculate Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF) & Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)

Determine the Discount Rate (Cost of Debt, Cost of Equity & Cost of Capital)

Identify Revenue and Cost Drivers

Prepare a Full DCF Model

Calculate Equity Value Multiples: P/E, P/CF, P/BV, P/S, PEG, Dividend Yield

Provide insights into Trading and Transaction Comparables

Who Should Attend?

This program is ideal for individuals at various levels in their organisations, including:

Students in the final year of a degree course

Finance managers

Corporate Finance, Private Equity, and M&A professionals

CA, FRM, MBA Finance, CFA Program candidates

Self-employed finance professionals

Graduates with basic to intermediate Excel skills

Key Highlights

Online 30+ hours of assessments

Step-by-step guidance in financial modeling projection

Live interaction with industry faculty

Industry-based live case studies

Practice sheets, assignments, and study materials

Industry-oriented certificates of completion/excellence

Our Faculty

AIMA's faculty comprises highly skilled individuals with extensive industry experience in Investment Banking, Equity Research, Private Equity, and Credit Research, offering global exposure in their respective fields.

Why Choose AIMA?

- Free Backup Classes:

Understanding emergencies can happen anytime; AIMA offers free backup classes to ensure uninterrupted learning.

- Assignments/Practice Sheets:

Weekly assignments and practice sheets enhance subject understanding, maximizing learning outside class hours.

- Physical Materials for Learning:

Quality physical study materials are provided to augment concept understanding and aid comprehensive learning.

- Limited Batch Size:

With a maximum batch size of 15 students, AIMA believes in providing a small and comfortable environment for optimal learning.

- Live Case Studies Based Training:

The practical curriculum, designed by industry professionals, includes case studies and live examples for a comprehensive learning experience.

Career Opportunities:

Upon completion of the Financial & Valuation Modeling Program, individuals can pursue diverse roles such as Financial Analyst, Financial Manager, Market Research Analyst, Venture Analyst, Equity Research Analyst, Market Data Quantitative Analyst, Private Equity Finance Manager, and Business Valuation Consultant.

Duration and Certification:

Duration: 3 Months

Session: 30 hours

Session Commences: January - July

Upon successful completion, candidates receive a Certificate in Financial & Valuation Modeling from AIMA.

Registration Requirements for Students

Fill in the registration form (Download form).

Attach 2 passport-size photographs (Soft copies in the online registration process).

Pay fees through a Cheque in favour of AIMA payable at New Delhi or online payment of Rs. 20,000/- + GST as applicable.

#study motivation #student #university #education #learning #online courses #certification

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income-tax-valuation · 11 days

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Startup Funding in India: Demystifying Income Tax Valuation

Raising funds? Understanding income tax valuation is key!

For Indian startups, securing funding often involves issuing shares. But this comes with a crucial step: income tax valuation. This process determines the fair market value of your company's shares for tax purposes. A clear understanding of income tax valuation helps startups navigate fundraising smoothly.

When is Income Tax Valuation Needed?

Issuing Shares at a Premium: If you issue shares (equity, preference, or CCDs) above face value, a valuation report is mandatory. This helps determine capital gains tax for both you and your investors.

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Method: Even for shares issued at face value, a report might be required if you use the DCF method internally for valuation. DCF projects future cash flows and discounts them to present value, justifying the arrived-at valuation.

Who Can Perform Income Tax Valuation?

Only SEBI-registered merchant bankers are authorized to prepare these reports in India. Their expertise helps analyze your startup's financial health, growth potential, and market conditions to arrive at a fair market value.

People Also Read: Valuation under FEMA (Foreign Exchange Transactions)

What Factors Influence Valuation?

Financial Performance: Your historical financial statements (past few years) are analyzed.

Growth Projections: Five-year financial projections for revenue, expenses, and profitability are crucial.

Market Analysis: Overall market performance for your industry and valuations of similar companies are considered.

Investment Details: Information on previous funding rounds and valuations used is factored in.

Risks and Uncertainties: Any significant business or industry risks are considered in the valuation.

Cost and Time Considerations:

Merchant banker valuation reports typically start from Rs. 65,000, with costs varying based on complexity.

Turnaround time can be around 8 business days.

Understanding Share Valuation:

Imagine a company as a whole pizza, and each share as a slice. Share valuation determines the worth of an individual slice. Financial analysts use various methods to estimate a share's value based on factors like future earnings potential, assets, and similar company valuations.

Who Can Value Shares?

The Companies Act specifies qualified professionals:

Practicing Company Secretaries (IBBI registered)

Chartered Accountants (IBBI registered)

Cost Accountants (IBBI registered)

Why is Share Valuation Important?

Share valuation ensures a healthy business environment by considering market forces, regulations, and economic factors. It also helps maintain accurate records of share value, crucial for businesses and the economy.

Investor Tips:

Do your own research.

Consider your financial goals and risk tolerance.

Be cautious of media recommendations for "best value stocks."

Refer to Section 56 and Rule 11 UA of the Companies Act for guidance.

Tax Implications:

Issuing Shares at a Premium (Section 56(2)(viib))

Excess amount over face value may be taxable.

Two options to determine Fair Market Value (FMV) for tax purposes:

Valuation as per Rule 11UA(2) of Income Tax Rules (typically by a merchant banker)

Valuation substantiated to the satisfaction of the Assessing Officer

Higher of the two FMV figures is used for tax calculations.

Receiving Shares at a Discount (Section 56(2)(x))

If a resident receives shares for less than FMV by more than Rs. 50,000, the difference is considered income.

Alternatives to Income Tax Valuation Reports:

In some cases, depending on the situation, alternatives may exist:

Valuation by a Registered Valuer: A report from an IBBI-accredited registered valuer might suffice.

Valuation by a Chartered Accountant (for Book Value): For existing shareholders or Net Asset Value (NAV) issuances, a Chartered Accountant's report based on book value might be acceptable.

Always consult with a tax advisor to determine the exact requirement for income tax valuation based on your specific situation.

People Also Read: Guide to Startup Valuation in India

Benefits of Income Tax Valuation:

Clarity for Investors: A clear valuation report provides transparency regarding the fair market value of your shares.

Reduced Tax Liability: A well-defined valuation report can help optimize tax liabilities for both you and your investors.

Strategic Decision Making: The valuation process itself can be an insightful exercise, prompting analysis of your business model, future prospects, and market positioning.

Conclusion:

Income tax valuation is a crucial step in securing funding for Indian startups. By understanding the requirements, methodology, and benefits, you can make informed decisions and present a strong case to potential investors. A reputable merchant banker can guide you through the process and provide an accurate valuation report that reflects your company's

#legal services #company valuation #income tax valuation #legal advice #startup valuation

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dontmeantobepoliticalbut · 11 months

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Hundreds of thousands of poor Floridians have been kicked off Medicaid in recent weeks as their Republican Governor, Ron DeSantis, travels the country for his 2024 presidential bid and rakes in campaign cash from big donors.

Florida is among the states that have begun unwinding pandemic-era rules barring states from removing people from Medicaid during the public health emergency. Late last year, Congress reached a bipartisan deal to end the so-called continuous coverage requirements, opening the door to a massive purge of the lifesaving healthcare program.

A dozen states have released early data on the number of people removed from Medicaid as they restart eligibility checks, a cumbersome process that many people fail to navigate.

So far, the statistics are alarming: More than 600,000 people across the U.S. have been stripped of Medicaid coverage since April, according to a KFF Health News analysis of the available data, and "the vast majority were removed from state rolls for not completing paperwork" rather than confirmed ineligibility.

Nearly 250,000 people who have been booted from Medicaid live in Florida, whose Governor is a longtime opponent of public healthcare programs. As HuffPost's Jonathan Cohn wrote Sunday, DeSantis "has refused to support the ACA's Medicaid expansion for the state, which is the biggest reason that more than 12% of Floridians don't have health insurance."

"That's the fourth-highest rate in the country," Cohn noted.

But DeSantis, who has said he wants to "make America Florida," appears unmoved by the staggering number of people losing Medicaid in his state as he hits the campaign trail. The Governor relied heavily on large contributors to bring in more than $8 million during the first 24 hours of his presidential bid.

Prior to formally launching his 2024 campaign, DeSantis traveled the country in private jets on the dime of rich and sometimes secret donors, and he is currently facing a Federal Election Commission complaint for unlawfully transferring more than $80 million from a state committee to a super PAC supporting his White House bid.

Late last month, DeSantis' administration insisted it "has a robust outreach campaign" aimed at ensuring people are aware of the hoops they have to jump through to keep their Medicaid coverage, such as income verification.

In Florida, a four-person household must make less than $39,900 in annual income to qualify for Medicaid.

The state's early data indicates that 44% of those who have lost coverage in recent weeks were removed for procedural reasons, like a failure to return paperwork on time.

The figures have drawn outrage from local advocates, who urged DeSantis late last month to pause the Medicaid redetermination process after hearing reports of people losing coverage without receiving any notice from Florida's chronically understaffed Department of Children and Families (DCF).

"One of these individuals is a seven-year-old boy in remission from Leukemia who is now unable to access follow-up—and potentially lifesaving—treatments," a coalition of groups including the Florida Policy Institute and the Florida Health Justice Project wrote to DeSantis. "Families with children have been erroneously terminated, and parents are having trouble reaching the DCF call center for help with this process. Additionally, unclear notices and lack of information on how to appeal contribute to more confusion."

Citing Miriam Harmatz, advocacy director and founder of the Florida Health Justice Project, KFF Health News reported last week that "some cancellation notices in Florida are vague and could violate due process rules."

"Letters that she's seen say 'your Medicaid for this period is ending' rather than providing a specific reason for disenrollment, like having too high an income or incomplete paperwork," the outlet noted. "If a person requests a hearing before their cancellation takes effect, they can stay covered during the appeals process. Even after being disenrolled, many still have a 90-day window to restore coverage."

The Congressional Budget Office recently estimated that around 15.5 million people—including 5 million children—are likely to lose Medicaid coverage nationwide over the next year and a half as states resume eligibility checks made necessary by a system that doesn't guarantee healthcare to all as a right.

"Many people don't realize that they've been disenrolled from Medicaid until they show up at the pharmacy to get their prescription refilled or they have a doctor's appointment scheduled," Jennifer Tolbert, director of state health reform at the Kaiser Family Foundation, told The Washington Post last week.

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linkbusinessnz · 11 days

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Navigating the Maze: Understanding the Basics of Small Business Valuation

In the world of entrepreneurship, understanding the value of your small business is paramount. Whether you're looking to sell, seeking investment, or simply aiming to understand where your business stands in the market, having a clear grasp of its valuation is crucial.

However, the process of valuing a small business can often feel like navigating a complex maze, with various methodologies, factors, and nuances at play. In this guide, we'll break down the basics of small business valuation to help you navigate this intricate terrain with confidence.

Why Valuation Matters:

Valuation is not just a number; it's a reflection of your business's worth in the eyes of potential buyers, investors, lenders, and even yourself. A comprehensive understanding of your business's value empowers you to make informed decisions regarding growth strategies, investment opportunities, and exit plans.

Methods of Valuation:

There are several approaches to valuing a small business, each with its own set of methodologies and suitability depending on the nature of the business. Common methods include:

Asset-Based Valuation: This method involves determining the value of a business based on its tangible and intangible assets, minus liabilities. While straightforward, it may undervalue businesses with significant intellectual property or goodwill.

Market-Based Valuation: Comparing your business to similar businesses that have recently sold or are currently on the market can provide insight into its value. Factors such as industry trends, location, size, and financial performance are considered.

Income-Based Valuation: This method estimates the value of a business based on its ability to generate income in the future. Techniques like discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis or multiples of earnings (such as price-to-earnings ratio) are commonly employed.

Factors Affecting Valuation:

Numerous factors influence the valuation of a small business, including:

Financial Performance: Revenue, profit margins, growth rate, and cash flow are key indicators of a business's financial health and can significantly impact its valuation.

Market Conditions: Economic trends, industry outlook, and market demand can affect the perceived value of your business.

Brand Equity and Intellectual Property: Strong brand recognition, patents, trademarks, and proprietary technology can enhance your business's value.

Management Team: The experience, expertise, and track record of your management team can influence investor confidence and valuation.

Customer Base: A loyal and diversified customer base can add value to your business by providing stability and growth potential.

Challenges and Considerations:

Valuing a small business is rarely straightforward and comes with its own set of challenges and considerations:

Subjectivity: Valuation involves a degree of subjectivity, as different stakeholders may assign different weights to various factors.

Lack of Comparable Data: Finding comparable businesses for market-based valuation can be challenging, especially in niche industries or unique business models.

Intangible Assets: Assessing the value of intangible assets such as brand reputation, customer relationships, and intellectual property can be complex and subjective.

Future Projections: Estimating future cash flows and growth potential requires making assumptions that may or may not materialize, adding uncertainty to the valuation process.

Seeking Professional Guidance:

Given the complexity and importance of small business valuation, seeking professional guidance from a qualified business valuator or financial advisor is advisable. An expert can help navigate the intricacies of the valuation process, ensure that all relevant factors are considered, and provide an unbiased assessment of your business's worth.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, valuing a small business is a multifaceted endeavor that requires careful consideration of various factors, methodologies, and challenges. By gaining a solid understanding of the basics of small business valuation and seeking professional guidance when necessary, entrepreneurs can effectively navigate this complex terrain and make informed decisions to drive the success and growth of their businesses.

For more information on business valuation services, visit linkbusiness.co.nz/business-value-appraisal

Source Link: Navigating the Maze: Understanding the Basics of Small Business Valuation

#Small Business Valuation

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landandbuildings · 18 days

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Unlocking Value: The Art and Science of Valuation

valuation dubai is both an art and a science—a complex process that involves assessing the worth of an asset, business, or investment opportunity. Whether it's determining the price of a company's stock, appraising the value of real estate, or evaluating the worth of a new business venture, valuation plays a crucial role in decision-making across a wide range of industries and sectors. But what exactly is valuation, and how is it done?

At its core, valuation is about assigning a monetary value to something that doesn't have an explicit price tag. This could be anything from a piece of artwork to a patent, a piece of intellectual property, or even an entire company. The goal of valuation is to provide a fair and accurate estimate of the value of an asset or investment, taking into account factors such as market conditions, financial performance, growth potential, and risk.

There are many different methods and approaches to valuation, each suited to different types of assets and circumstances. For example, when valuing a publicly traded company, analysts often use techniques such as discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, which estimates the present value of a company's future cash flows, or comparable company analysis (CCA), which compares the company's financial metrics to those of similar publicly traded companies.

In the case of privately held companies or startups, machinery valuation can be more challenging due to the lack of publicly available financial data. In these situations, analysts may use methods such as the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach, which forecasts the company's future cash flows and discounts them back to their present value, or the venture capital method, which considers factors such as the company's growth potential, market size, and competitive landscape.

Valuation is not just limited to companies and financial assets—it also plays a crucial role in real estate, mergers and acquisitions, intellectual property, and other areas. For example, when valuing real estate, appraisers consider factors such as location, property size, condition, and comparable sales data to determine the fair market value of a property.

In the realm of mergers and acquisitions, valuation is a critical step in determining the price that a buyer is willing to pay for a target company. car valuation dubai techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis, comparable company analysis, and precedent transactions analysis are often used to assess the value of the target company and negotiate a fair purchase price.

In addition to financial factors, valuation also takes into account qualitative factors such as industry dynamics, competitive positioning, management quality, and regulatory environment. These factors can have a significant impact on the value of an asset or investment and must be carefully considered during the valuation process.

Ultimately, the goal of valuation is to provide investors, businesses, and other stakeholders with a clear understanding of the worth of an asset or investment opportunity, enabling informed decision-making and risk management. While valuation is not an exact science and involves a certain degree of judgment and uncertainty, it remains an essential tool for navigating the complex world of finance and investment. Whether you're a seasoned investor, a business owner, or a financial professional, understanding the principles of property valuations dubai is essential for unlocking value and achieving success in today's dynamic and competitive marketplace.

Source Url:- https://sites.google.com/view/machinery-valuation/home

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paycape · 19 days

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#budgeting #CapitalBudgeting #Investment

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aven-data · 21 days

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Navigating Financial Modeling and Valuation in SAP Carve-Outs

In the realm of corporate restructuring and divestitures, SAP carve-outs represent a strategic maneuver for organizations looking to optimize their operations and unlock value. However, executing a successful carve-out requires meticulous financial modeling and valuation techniques to ensure accuracy, transparency, and informed decision-making. This blog delves into the intricacies of financial modeling and valuation specific to SAP carve-outs, highlighting key considerations and best practices for stakeholders involved in the process.

Understanding the Landscape

Before diving into financial modeling and valuation, it's essential to grasp the landscape of SAP carve-outs. These initiatives involve separating a segment of an organization's SAP systems, processes, and assets to create a standalone entity. Whether driven by strategic realignment, regulatory requirements, or market dynamics, SAP carve-outs demand a comprehensive understanding of the financial implications and value drivers associated with the divestiture.

Building the Financial Model

A robust financial model serves as the cornerstone of SAP carve-out initiatives, providing stakeholders with insights into the financial impact, risks, and opportunities associated with the transaction. When constructing a financial model for a carve-out, it's crucial to consider factors such as revenue projections, cost allocations, capital expenditures, working capital adjustments, and tax implications. Moreover, the model should account for the complexities of separating intertwined financials and aligning with accounting standards and regulatory requirements.

Valuation Techniques

Valuing a carve-out entity accurately is paramount to determine its worth and negotiate favorable terms during transactions. Various valuation techniques can be employed, including discounted cash flow (DCF), comparable company analysis (CCA), precedent transactions analysis, and asset-based valuation. However, valuing carve-outs presents unique challenges, such as assessing the standalone viability of the entity, adjusting for transaction-related expenses, and considering synergies or dis-synergies with the parent organization.

Addressing Complexities and Risks

Financial modeling and valuation in SAP carve-outs entail inherent complexities and risks that must be carefully managed. These may include reconciling financial data between the carve-out entity and the parent company, identifying and allocating shared costs and assets, assessing the impact of transition services agreements (TSAs) on financials, and evaluating the tax implications of the transaction. Moreover, fluctuating market conditions and regulatory uncertainties can add further layers of complexity to the process.

Conclusion: Striking the Balance

In conclusion, financial modeling and valuation play a pivotal role in the success of SAP carve-outs, guiding decision-making and facilitating transactions that unlock value for all stakeholders involved. By leveraging robust financial models and employing sound valuation techniques, organizations can navigate the complexities of carve-out transactions with confidence and precision. However, it's essential to strike a balance between rigor and flexibility, adapting strategies to the unique circumstances of each carve-out while remaining vigilant of potential risks and uncertainties along the way.

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