Carlotta in 2nd Managers: She be fierce!
David Romano and Judy Kaye, original Broadway
Michele McConnell, Broadway
Michele McConnell, Kevin Ligon and Trista Moldovan, Broadway
Rachel Anne Moore, Anton Rattinger and Valerie Link, Hamburg revival
Wendy Ferguson, Barry James and Sierra Boggess, RAH
Louise Fribo, Carl Christian Rasmussen and Sibylle Glosted, Copenhagen revival
Sergio Lombana (?) and Priti Coles (?), Vienna
Unidentified, Beijing
Melina Kalomas and Beverley Chiat, World Tour revival
Corinne Schaefer and Raymond Sepe, Hamburg revival
Rachel Anne Moore, Hamburg revival
Thabiso Masemene and Pauline du Plessis, Cape Town
Louise Fribo, Copenhagen revival
Susana Casas, Madrid
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At its core, the Predator is a modern science fiction take on the concept of “the great white hunter.” The term applied to real-life figures like Alan Black and Frederick Selous, along with fictional creations like Allan Quatermain. These figures were often Europeans or Americans who traveled to Africa to hunt exotic game. This was the time when Africa was known as “the dark continent” and its inhabitants frequently portrayed as “primitive.” These hunters quickly built a mythology around themselves.
Similar to Richard Connell’s classic short story “The Most Dangerous Game,” the Predator essentially takes that idea to an absurdly heightened extreme: What if a big game hunter pursued human beings rather than animals? Much like the Americans and the Europeans traveling to Africa with their guns and traps, the Predator arrives on Earth with more advanced technology to stalk and kill its prey. Much like those hunters take ivory from fallen elephants, the Predator takes trophies of its own.
While riffing on these colonial tropes, Predator was a product of its time. It followed a military team led by Major Alan “Dutch” Schaefer (Arnold Schwarzenegger), which is co-opted by Dutch’s old friend Al Dillon (Carl Weathers) for a top secret black ops mission in Central America. It was a rather timely premise for a science fiction action film, with its June 1987 release neatly intersecting with the televised Iran-Contra hearings that covered shady American activity in Nicaragua.
Part of the genius of Predator lies in the obvious thematic layers running through the movie. Just like the Predator is an alien presence on Earth, Dutch and his team are well aware of the fact that they have no business on “the wrong side of the border.” Early in the film, Dutch and his team tear through a rebel base with ruthless efficiency, demonstrating their superior training and firepower. The irony is that the Predator will be just as effective in dismembering them.
Like many action movies of the decade, including Return of the Jedi and Top Gun, Predator has been read as a relitigation of Vietnam. It is about an American foreign intervention that goes disastrously wrong. However, like in the Rambo movies, Predator’s protagonists succeed by appropriating the tactics of the Viet Cong, by staging low-tech guerrilla warfare against a technologically superior foe. There is an element of America working through what Nixon called “the Vietnam Syndrome.”
Trachtenberg and Aison understand that Predator is a movie about the horror of colonialism, but they push the metaphor even further in Prey. After all, the heroes of Predator are a black ops team that are themselves engaged in extending the influence of the United States into Central America. The most prominent indigenous character in Predator is Anna Gonsalves (Elpidia Carrillo), the only survivor of the raid on the guerrilla camp, who spends most of the movie as an unarmed hostage.
Naru feels less like Dutch and more like Anna. Like Anna, Naru is the most prominent woman in a predominantly male cast. Like Anna, Naru spends extended portions of the film as a captive hostage, overpowered by both her own tribesman Wasape (Stormee Kipp) and later by a French trapper (Mike Paterson). Like Anna, Naru survives her first encounter with the creature because it doesn’t consider her a threat. However, unlike Anna, Naru asserts agency within the plot of Prey.
Rather than focusing on an external force intruding into another nation, Prey focuses on an indigenous population. The film is set on the American frontier, primarily within the Comanche Nation. Repeatedly throughout the film, the Predator is likened to the European settlers who are encroaching on the North American continent. Naru repeatedly encounters traps set by those hunters, which are not too dissimilar to the technology employed by the Predator itself.
At one point, Naru stumbles across a field of skinned buffalo. It directly evokes the skinned bodies hanging from the tree in the original Predator. For a moment, it seems like the alien creature might have done this, until Naru recovers a discarded cigar. The horror is man-made. It is an image taken directly from American history, tied explicitly to the subjugation of the Native American population. To quote an anonymous army official, “Every buffalo dead is an Indian gone.”
Central to Prey is the importance of standing up against imperialist aggression. Taabe turns a trophy skull on the Predator’s belt into an improvised weapon. Naru is undergoing the kühtaamia, a ritual in which she must hunt a creature strong enough to hunt her. “You think the reason for kühtaamia is to prove you can hunt,” Sumu (Stefany Mathias) warns Naru. “But there’s only one reason: to survive.” Taabe summarizes the importance of the ritual in setting boundaries, “When the lion comes, you tell that thing, ‘This is as far as you go. No more. This is it.’”
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Movie and Television Productions About WATERGATE
June 17 marks the 50th anniversary of Watergate, probably the most famous political scandal in U.S. history. Below are images from movie and television productions about Watergate:
1. “All the President’s Men” (1976) - Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman starred in this adaptation of Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward’s 1974 bestselling book about their investigation and exposure of the Watergate scandal for The Washington Post. Alan J. Pakula directed.
2. “Washington: Behind Closed Doors” (1977) - Cliff Robertson and Jason Robards starred in this ABC six-part television adaptation of White House aide John Ehrlichman’s 1976 novel, “The Company”. Gary Nelson directed.
3. “Blind Ambition” (1979) - Martin Sheen starred in this CBS four-part television adaptation of White House counsel John Dean’s 1976 memoirs, “Blind Ambition: The White House Years”. George Schaefer directed.
4. “Will: G. Gordon Liddy” (1982) - Robert Conrad starred in this television movie adaptation of Watergate burglar/conspirator G. Gordon Liddy’s 1980 memoirs about the Watergate scandal. Robert Liberman directed.
5. “The Final Days” (1989) - Lane Smith starred as President Richard Nixon in this ABC television adaptation of Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward’s 1976 book about the Nixon Administration following the revelation of the Watergate scandal. Richard Pearce directed.
6. “Nixon” (1995) - Oscar nominees Anthony Hopkins and Joan Allen starred in this biopic about Nixon’s political and personal life. Oliver Stone co-wrote and directed this film.
7. “Dick” (1999) - Kirsten Dunst and Michelle Williams starred in this comedic reimagining of the Watergate scandal as two Washington D.C. teenagers who exposes the scandal and brings down the Nixon administration. Andrew Fleming co-wrote and directed the film.
8. “Frost/Nixon” (2008) - Michael Sheen and Frank Langella starred in this adaptation of Peter Morgan’s 2006 play about the behind-the-scenes details of David Frost’s 1977 television interview with Nixon. Ron Howard directed.
9. “Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House” (2017) - Liam Neeson starred as adaptation of FBI agent Mark Felt’s 2006 autobiography about how he became “Deep Throat” for Bernstein and Woodward. Peter Landesman directed.
10. “Gaslit” (2022) - Julia Roberts starred in STARZ’s eight-part television adaptation of Slow Burn’s 2017 podcast about the Watergate scandal. Created by Robbie Pickering, Matt Ross directed.
11. “The White House Plumbers” (2022) - Woody Harrelson and Justin Theroux star in HBO’s upcoming television adaptation of Egil Krogh and Matthew Krogh’s book about the Watergate scandal. Created by Alex Gregory and Peter Huyck, David Manel directed.
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Beer Events 1.1
Events
Guinness trademark 1st used (1764)
Ale Brewers Association of the States of New York and New Jersey founded (1830)
Westmalle beer 1st for sale (1861)
Cleveland Brewery burnt to the ground (Ohio; 1865)
Eagle Brewery changed its name to DG Yuengling & Son (1873)
Bass red triangle became 1st trademark registered in England (1876)
Brewmasters Association of Philadelphia and Vicinity (1881)
Brewmasters Association of Cleveland and Vicinity (1886)
Apparatus for Making Malt patented by Justin Whitney (1889)
Frederick Pabst died (1904)
Prohibition begins in Iceland, lasting until finally repealed in 1988, 73 years later (1915)
Beer became legal in Vermont after Prohibition (1934)
Carling Brewing took over Heidelberg Brewery (Washington; 1959)
Process in the Manufacture of Beer and the Like patented by Erik Krabbe and Kenneth W. Wendt (1963)
Schaefer Brewing patented a Crowned Bottle Rejection Pin (1963)
Federal Excise Tax on beer doubled (1991)
American Beer premiered (1996)
Twisted Pine Brewery merged with Peak to Peak Brewing, Colorado (1997)
California bars, clubs and card rooms were made smoke free (1998)
International Trappist Association founded (1998)
Miller's infamous "Catfight" ad 1st aired (2003)
Peter Austin dies (2014)
The last human being to be born on earth is killed in a bar fight at the age of 25, in “ The Children of Men,” by P.D. James (2021)
Breweries Opened
Privat-Brauerei Zötler (Germany; 1447)
Kiliaen Van Rennselaer Brewery (Albany, New York; 1649)
Joseph Huber Brewing Co. (Wisconsin; 1845)
Stroh's Brewery (Michigan; 1850)
Miller Brewing (Wisconsin; 1855)
Stevens Point Brewery (Wisconsin; 1857)
August Schell Brewing (Minnesota; 1860)
Straub Brewery (Pennsylvania; 1872)
Joseph Schlitz & Co. Brewing (Wisconsin; 1874)
F.W. Cook Brewing
Hudepohl-Schoenling Brewing (Ohio; 1885)
Pabst Brewing/Pearl Brewing (Texas; 1886)
F.X. Matt Brewing/Saranac Brewing (New York; 1888)
Grand Rapids Brewing (Michigan; 1893)
John Wagner Sons brewing (Ohio; 1896)
Arlington Brewing (Virginia; 1897)
Fresno Brewing (California; 1900)
Gund Brewing (Ohio; 1900)
Simon Linser Brewing (Ohio: 1901)
Aberdeen Brewing (Virginia; 1902)
G. Heileman Brewing (La Crosse, Wisconsin; 1902)
Schmulbach Brewing (West Virginia; 1902)
Brasserie Henri Funck (Luxembourg; 1905)
Dixie Brewing (Louisiana; 1907)
Elora Brewery Ltd. (Canada; 1934)
Cervceria India (Puerto Rico; 1938)
Cold Springs Brewing (Minnesota; 1974)
Florida Brewery (Florida; 1975)
Redhook Ale Brewery (Washington; 1982)
Prarie Inn Cottage Brewery (British Columbia, Canada; 1983)
Bridgeport Brewing (Oregon; 1984)
Granville Island Brewing (British Columbia, Canada; 1984)
Kessler Brewing (Montana; 1984)
Pyramid Ales Brewery (Washington; 1984)
Truckee Brewing (California; 1985)
Vancouver Island Brewing (British Columbia, Canada; 1985)
Abita Brewing (Louisiana; 1986)
Sprecher Brewing (Wisconsin; 1986)
Bandersnatch Brewing (Arizona; 1987)
Black Star Brewing/McKenzie River Partners (California/Montana; 1987)
Devil Mountain Brewery (California; 1987)
Golden Pacific Brewing (California; 1987)
Humboldt Brewery (California; 1987)
Union Brewery (Nevada; 1987)
Bull City Brewery & Cafe (North Carolina; 1988)
Port Arthur Brasserie & Brewpub (Ontario, Canada; 1988)
Tracks Brewpub (Ontario, Canada; 1988)
Bison Brewing (California; 1989)
Pacific Northwest Brewing (Washington; 1989)
Breckenridge Brewery & Pub (Colorado; 1990)
Clark's Crossing Brewpub (Saskatchewan, Canada; 1990)
Fitzpatrick's Brewing (Iowa; 1990)
Great Western Brewing (Saskatchewan, Canada; 1990)
Irish Times Pub & Brewery (Florida; 1990)
Lost Coast Brewery & Cafe (California; 1990)
McMenamin's Brewery (Oregon; 1990)
Pacific Western Brewing (British Columbia, Canada; 1990)
CEEP Barney's, Ltd. (Ontario, Canada; 1991)
Edgefield Brewery (Oregon; 1991)
Idle Spur Crested Butte Brewery (Colorado; 1991)
Great Lakes Brewing (Ontario, Canada; 1992)
Oxford Brewing (Maryland; 1992)
Preston Brewery/Embudo Station (New Mexico; 1992)
Unibroue (Quebec, Canada; 1992)
Andrew's Brewing (Maine; 1993)
Glatt Bros. Brewing (Canada; 1993)
Kelly's Caribbean Bar & Grill (Florida; 1993)
Downtown Joe's Brewery & Restaurant (California; 1994)
Frontier Brewing (Iowa; 1994)
Gray Brewing (Wisconsin; 1994)
Toisnot Brewing (North Carolina; 1994)
Bear Brewing (British Columbia, Canada; 1995)
Heartland Brewing (New York; 1995)
Motor City Brewing Works (Michigan; 1995)
Thomas Kemper Brewery (Washington; 1995)
Clipper City Brewing (Maryland; 1996)
Don Gambrino's Brewpub (Florida; 1996)
Firehouse Brewery & Restaurant (Ohio; 1996)
Gravity Brewing (Pennsylvania; 1996)
Madison Brewing Pub & Restaurant (Vermont; 1996)
Michigan Brewing (Michigan; 1996)
Saw Mill River Brewery (New York; 1996)
Silo Brewpub (Kentucky; 1996)
Texas Cattle Co. Border Grille & Brewery (Georgia; 1996)
Breakers Brewing (New Jersey; 1997)
Brewery at Ninth Square (Connecticut; 1997)
Copper City Brewing (Arizona; 1997)
Essex Brewing (Connecticut; 1997)
Franklin County Brewing (Vermont; 1997)
Hinesburg Brewing (Vermont; 1997)
Kelly's Brewery (New Mexico; 1997)
Saints Brewing (Iowa; 1997)
Smaragda's Table (South Carolina; 1997)
Starview Brewing (Pennsylvania; 1997)
Timberland Brewing (Oregon; 1997)
Wild Hare Brewing (Montana; 1997)
Windemere Valley Brewing (Canada; 1997)
Yellowstone Valley Brewing (Montana; 1997)
Trumer Brauerei (California; 2004)
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