#Alauddin Khilji

[busraspostsblog]

Sanjay Leela Bhansali's universe🥰

#my post #postlarım #sanjay leela bhansali #bollywood #indian movies #padmavaat #deepika padukone #devdas #aishwarya rai #bajirao mastani #priyanka chopra #ram leela #gangubai kathiawadi #alia bhatt #alauddin khilji #sultan alauddin khilji #ranveer singh

[jecelke]

If he wanted to have the most beautiful person, he should have looked in the mirror.

#padmavaat #alauddin khilji #bollywood edit

[the-happy-fujoshi]

I love the trope— 'King and their Strategist lover'

#tropes #romance tropes #best ship dynamic ever #writeblr #writers on tumblr #writing prompts #writing tropes #Goshh #achilles patroclus #Wolfgang Shin #Khilji Kafur #Achilles #patroclus #wolfgang goldenleonard #shin soohyuk #alauddin khilji #malik kafur #the song of achilles #king's maker #King's maker manhwa

[totallyrotten]

Khilji-kafur pair

I watched padmavat and felt like allauddin Khilji(Ranveer Singh) and Malik kafur(Jim sarbh) had amazing chemistry with sexual tension which was missing between the main couple. They have some scenes which clearly points at their relationship and khilji's bisexuality, like the hair braiding scene,bath tub scene, binte dil, the introduction of the flute scene, etc

I really didn't expect a historical queer story and went to search about the individuals history and thought their story would make such a good bl.

Even the story of Mahmud and Ayaz , babur and his lover.

I wish we can have historical bl in future as a main story not crumbs.

Dude they are so sexy

#alauddin khilji #khiljikafur #malik kafur #bl drama #historical bl #bl movie #indian lgbt+ movies #indian bl #indian lgbt #bisexual #Alauddin khilji malik kafur #gay love #hot as fuck #khilji-kafur #ranveer singh #jim sarbh #padmavaat #sanjay leela bhansali

[crackpairsforfaceclaims]

Epic!

The difference is that Oberyn Martell is an anti-hero and Alauddin Khilji is a villain, but these bisexual princes… epic!

#crack pairing #crack ship #crack pair #pedro pascal #ranveer singh #m/m ship #m/m #m/m couple #m/m pairing #oberyn martell #alauddin khilji

[novacollistar]

Happy Valentine’s Day!

just here to tell everyone about some ships that i like!

rambheem (rrr)

varadeva (salaar)

ramy and robin (although their relationship wasn’t allowed to develop due to letty and colonialism)

aadhish and rollo (from t.i.g.e.r.s, a book in the s.t.a.g.s series)

malik kafur and alauddin khilji (although most of it is toxic due to the power imbalance and alauddin being alaudinn therefore it is not healthy…but it is the first bollywood movie i watched where i definitely sensed tension between two male characters)

ranveer singh and deepika padukone in literally anything at all

owen and hannah grose (the haunting of bly manor - why did they have to be separated 😭)

and that’s about it! feel free to add any more ships you like or any characters you feel love each other in any kind of way, platonic or not.

#ramiz rafi mirza #robin swift #varadeva #padmaavat #ranveer singh #deepika padukone #the haunting of bly manor #rambheem #aadhish jadeja #rollo de warlencourt

[supersingh-sbs]

Alauddin Khilji was one of India’s greatest kings and one of the world’s greatest military geniuses. He was born in Delhi in 1266 AD (and hence an Indian; not a foreign invader) and ruled as Sultan of Delhi from 1296 AD – 1316 AD. Khilji greatly expanded the empire that he inherited from his uncle. during his rule, the Mongols of the Chagatai Khanate invaded India. Khilji, by his military brilliance, managed to defeat the Mongols not once, but *five* times: in 1298 AD (led by Ulugh Khan, and inflicting 20,000 casualties on the Mongols), 1299 AD in Sindh (led by Zafar Khan), 1299 AD in Delhi (leading the army himself against the Mongols), 1305 AD (led by Malik Nayak, and inflicting 8000 casualties on the Mongols), and 1306 AD (led by Malik Kafur); and a “draw” in the sixth Mongol invasion of 1303 AD (again personally leading the army), where the Mongols were unable to defeat Khilji, but were able to sack Delhi. This was a military feat unprecedented in those days, because the Mongols were an unstoppable force wherever else they went. No one in the rest of the world – whether the Russian Empire or the mighty Persian empire or the Baghdad Caliphate – could stand up to the dreaded Mongols. Khilji defeated them 5 times and had a draw in a 6th confrontation. The armies of the Delhi sultanate under Khilji were some of the most disciplined and well-trained in the world, and that is why they could defeat the Mongols time and again. (at Park Lane South, Forest Park) https://www.instagram.com/p/CgVuVZQjBgJ23dGXFRFew7Lth4Okb8ssVUmKCc0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[kamana-mishra]

Abolition of Sati: History & Facts

Have you watched the movies Padmaavat, Prithviraj Chauhan and Mangal Pandey? These movies displayed the practice of Sati and Jauhar in which women were burnt alive if their husbands were dead. In 1724, at the funeral of Ajit Singh of Marwar Jodhpur, sixty-six women were burned alive; similarly, eighty-four women sacrificed their lives at the funeral of Budh Singh (a king of Bundi). From this, we can say that it became a common practice in ancient India. However, even after the abolishment, the practice continued in most rural regions of India and gained all the controversial aspects of all time. So, let’s discuss Sati in detail, starting from who Sati is to where this practice stands in Modern India.

Who is Sati?

The word ‘Sati’ originated from Goddess Sati, as she was the first woman to initiate this practice. On the one hand, Sati was regarded as a glorious, dignified sacrifice and a way to clear the spouse’s sins; on the other hand, some people considered it their private matter to accompany their loved one to death.

What is Sati's custom?

Hinduism is the oldest religion, following various practices, among which Sati custom was constant for a very long time. Sati, aka “suttee”, is the practice of burning a woman alive after her husband’s death because it is considered her duty according to the religious texts of Hindus.

Reasons behind Sati Practice

There are two reasons why the Sati tradition started are discussed below:

1. Upper-class funerals- The idea of cremating a husband with his wife came from the belief that a man should be cremated with his precious possessions, and women were then regarded as one of them. It was written in Hindu texts that a woman who burns herself alive with her deceased husband would be promised an afterlife in heaven.

2. Safety of widows- Sati practice was regarded as protection from enemy invasions. At that time, when the Mughals, after their victory, used to enter Rajput kingdoms and take away their wives. To prevent themselves from falling into the hands of the Mughals, the wives of the deceased soldiers immolated themselves. Queen Padmini For example, Queen Padmini and her women followers killed themselves to escape being captured by Delhi’s Muslim monarch, Alauddin Khilji. Many think Sati was created solely to protect women from being captured by Muslims who entered India due to this incident.

Who stopped the Sati system in India, and when?

In the ancient period, the first ones who tried to ban this tradition were Muslim rulers of India named Mughals and Nizams. Since many people criticised them, the practice continued. In the 19th century, during British rule, the Governor of India, William Bentick, gave the order to abolish this practice.

Banning of Sati Practice

Many people allege that this practice has been performed since 510 AD, and there are signs in religious scriptures that imply that it was present even before 510 AD and was performed by specific tribes. Greek visitors who visited North India claim that Sati was practised in the 4th century B.C. this practice was not so common in the 18th century; however, it became a widespread practice in the 13th century. This practice became so popular that even tourists knew that India had such dreadful beliefs.

Initially, women practised Sati voluntarily, but with time, it evolved into a coercive act. They say that everything changes with time and people’s opinions on Sati have also changed. The situation deteriorated, but later, in modern India, specific laws were enacted to outlaw the practice, and now it is illegal and widely disregarded by the people.

Sati in medieval India

In the 7th century, it was predicted by a Sanskrit poet that it was a constant practice in Upper Hindu classes. Sati in the 14th century was at its peak in the Vijay Nagar empire. The warriors of the Goudas and Gayakas classes of Hindus performed this act of Sati.

Some incidents included the King of Madura, who died because of illness, and his wife committed Sati. Another incident of Sati happened when King Pandyan died, and his 47 wives sacrificed their lives at his funeral. There are many other similar incidents in that era.

Sati in the Medieval era

- Nizam tried to prohibit sati in Hyderabad in 1847 by issuing an order that whoever committed Sati would be held guilty and punished accordingly. However, this attempt failed as there were still many cases of Sati Pratha in that area.

- In North India, Sati was practised by upper-class Hindus such as Brahmins, whereas in South India, it was performed by royal families, peasants from the lower caste and nobles.

- For the sake of humanitarianism, Christian missionaries opposed the Sati practice long before the British did. The Bombay government outlawed Sati and issued warnings against its approach to the rulers of Gujarat, including Devgadh Baria (1840), Baroda (1840), Lunawada (1840), Rajpipla (1840), Mahikantha (1843), and Palanpur (1848). However, many of them broke the law and were consequently penalised.

Which Mughal emperor tried to ban the Sati system?

During the Mughal period, Sati was a standard practice followed by both Hindus and Muslims. Sati paratha was observed in almost all the areas of Mughal India, which mainly focused on the Ganges Valley, Madura and Vijaynagar in South India and Punjab and Rajputana in the North.

- The Indian tradition of Sati, in which a woman immolates herself even against her consent, is mentioned by Akbarnama.

- The first Muslim king to protest and speak out against Sati was Mohammed bin Tughlak. He made it necessary to obtain a licence before burning the widow, discouraging Sati and ending the practice of forcibly immolating widows.

- Following him, Humayun and Akbar both attempted to end Sati’s coercive performance. Still, Akbar insisted that if a Hindu woman wanted to perform Sati, they would not stop her against her will. Sometimes, he intervened to put a stop to this.

- Jahangir then made infanticide and Sati illegal. However, some contend that the prohibition was merely in writing and was not fully adhered to. Shah Jahan, after him, prohibited pregnant women from performing Sati and allowed widows’ children to attend school.

Aurangzeb, in contrast to him, outlawed Sati in his reign. However, it was only a temporary solution; there have been instances where Sati has been practised despite being illegal.

Continue reading…

#sati pratha #abolition of sati #what is sati pratha

[indiejones]

THE 2ND BIGGEST REVELATION OF THE LAST MILLENNIA !

- 'THE KHILJI DYNASTY', MAINLY COMPRISING IT'S 2 MOST HISTORICALLY FAMOUS 'SULTANS' JALALUDDIN KHILJI & SON ALAUDDIN KHILJI, HAD A ANGEL NUMBER/LINEAGE YEAR OF 1002, & HAD 3.2 MILLION GOVERNING COUNCIL MEMBERS IN THEIR FAMILY LINEAGE!!!!!!

... A 'TALENT' THAT MADE THEM RULERS OF THE DELHI SULTANATE FROM 1290-1320 AD, & WON THEM GUJARAT & RAJASTHAN & THE ENTIRE RAJPUTANA BELT (INCL THE LEGENDARY RANI PADMINI & HER HUSBAND RATAN SINGH, & THE KINGDOM OF MEWAR), AS ALSO PARTS OF SOUTH INDIA, EACH OF WHICH REGIONS HAD RAJPUT OR HINDU RULERS, WITH BARELY 100'S IN GOVERNING COUNCIL TALENT ON AVG TO SHOW FOR & COMPETE!

... THE 'GOVERNANCE BENCHMARK/MODEL' THAT LED TO THE GREAT 'TRANSFER OF WEALTH' FROM INDIA TO OTHER NATIONS!

Was going thru the historically well-famed Khilji dynastic legacy, when my mind veered towards their Google page, my spirit instantly informing me of Jalaluddin Khilji & consequently Alauddin Khilji having no lesser than 3.2 Million Governing Council members in their family lineage, (with an angel/lineage year of 1002!), before they even set foot on Indian soil!

Some perspective on real roots for, few of the noted 'Islamic conquests of Delhi (as also Gujarat & Rajasthan)' in history.

[ankitamittal2023]

Best Historical Places in Delhi

Best Historical Places in Delhi

Red Fort

The Red Fort is a significant historical site in Delhi. It was made by Shahjahan using colourful red stone. Mughal rulers lived here for about 200 years. Every year on Independence Day, the Prime Minister raises the Indian flag and speaks to the country from the main gate. Inside the fort, there's a museum, garden, royal rooms, and a public hall that tell stories from the past. Location: Netaji Subhash Road, Chandni Chowk.     Timings: Everyday from 9.30 am – 4.30pm. except Monday. Entry fees: Rs. 35/- for Indian, Rs. 500/- for foreigners.

Humayun’s Tomb

This stunning building is one of the well-kept Mughal monuments. It was constructed by Hamida Banu in 1572 to honour her husband, Emperor Humayun. The design mixes Persian and Indian styles, and it has gardens with water and pathways like paradise gardens in the Quran. The building has two levels, made from red stone, while the tomb uses yellow and black marble.

Location: Mathura Road, opposite Dargah Nizamuddin. Timings: Sunrise to sunset all days. Entry fees: Indian visitors- Rs.30/-, Foreigners visitors- Rs.500/-

Qutub Minar

India's tallest tower, Qutub Minar, is a UNESCO world heritage site made from vibrant red sandstone and marble.

This tower is surrounded by other important ancient and medieval buildings from the Mughal times. The tower itself is 73 meters tall, with five stories and a spiral staircase of 379 steps that lead to the top. Delhi holds many historical sites.

Location: Mehrauli near Chhatarpur temple complex, Qutub Minar and Saket are the nearest metro station. Timings: 7.00am – 5.00pm all days. Entry fees:  Indian visitors- Rs.30/-, Foreigners visitors- Rs.500/-

Chhota Qutub Minar

The minuscule village, Hast-sthal literally meaning the land of elephants has a hidden gem, namely the Chota Qutub Minar. This 17th century 5 storied Minaret commissioned by the Mughal emperor Shahjahan is now amidst dense residential locality, bustling bazaar, residential annexes and busy roads leading you to this historical Place in Delhi. Once a regal grandeur in red sandstones and bricks adorned with white marble is now in an obscure state. The emperor used this as his royal hunting lodge post his quest for the wild in the surrounding dense forest area. Location: Hastsal Village, Uttam Nagar, West Delhi Timings: All the time. Entry fees: Free

India Gate

India Gate is a war memorial on Janpath built in the memory of the 70,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who laid their lives in World War 1. A structure in black marble plinth with a reversed rifle capped by a war helmet bounded by four eternal flames beneath the towering Memorial archway is the Amar Jawan Jyoti. It is the best place to enjoy with friends in Delhi and to click some good pictures. The flame of the immortal warrior has been burning since 1971 and is customary for the President or the Prime Minister to pay homage at the shrine on every state ceremony. Weekends attract a lot of locals and tourists as they find an opportunity of indulging in quite a large list of things to do in delhi. India Gate nowadays is the favourite hangout place for Delhiites! Location: Near Rajpath Timings: All the time. Entry fees: Free.

Hauz Khas Fort

Hauz Khas Fort was built by Alauddin Khilji in 1284 to provide unlimited water supply to Siri Fort. A vast reservoir greets you at the entry leading you to the deer park which is lush green and serene taking your senses to a tranquil state. The light and sound show in the evening further beautifies the glory of the Fort and attracts tourists in manifolds. Other than the Fort, the Hauz Khas complex comprises of the Islamic seminary, Water tank, Mosque and a tomb. If you don't want to miss amazing tourist attractions on your trip then you should definitely book Delhi Tour packages. Location: Hauz Khas village, Deer Park. Timings: 10.30am – 7.00pm except Sundays. Entry fees: Free.

Jama Masjid

One of the largest Mosque of India, Jama Masjid is also known as the Masjid-I Jahan-Numa was built by the Mughal emperor Shahjahan in 1656 at a cost of around 1 million rupees. Built with slits of red sandstone and marble, this monument has 3 majestic gates, 4 towers and 2 minarets. The Mosque faces the holy city of Mecca, while the colossal courtyard can accommodate 25,000 worshippers offering prayers at any given point in time. Location: Off Netaji Subhash Marg, Near Red Fort. Timings: 7.00am to noon and 1.30pm – 7.30pm (tourists are not allowed during prayer time) Entry fees: Free.

Rashtra Pati Bhawan

The official residence of the President of India on Rajpath is an iconic monument which is visited by every tourist travelling to India. This 320-acre property has a mansion with 340 rooms, Mughal gardens, residences of staff and stables. The largest residence of any head of a country in the world is counted as one of the historical Places in Delhi which was built by the British Architect Sir Edwin Lutyens for the Viceroy’. The ceremonial grandeur of this monument has inspired many architects worldwide. Location: Rajpath near Gate no. 2. Timings: 9.00am – 4.00pm, Thursday to Sunday. Entry fees: Rs.50/- per visitor.

Tughlaq bad Fort

This colossal stone Fort complex was built by Ghia’s-Ud-din Tughlaq in 1321 AD. The 15-metre high sloping barricading walls have battlement parapets and bastions offering an advantage over the enemy. The 13 spectacular gates, the intriguing secret underground passage, royal mausoleum, grand halls and magnificent residences will reminisce one of the royal warriors who lived life with dignity and grandeur and fought with equal might and valour to protect their majesty. Location: Mehrauli- Badarpur road. Timings: 7.00am to 5.00pm all days. Entry fees: RS.5/- for Indians and Rs.100/- for foreigners.

Jantar Mantar

This observatory is a historical monument in Delhi which is not only of interest to children, but adults too are intrigued by the ancient astronomical instruments built by Maharaja Jai Singh of Jaipur. You should visit Jantar Mantar during winters as it is the best time to visit Delhi and to explore great monuments and landmarks.  This heritage site was built in 1724 using brick, limestone and plaster to help understand and improve the study of time and space. Out of the 13 astronomical instruments, the Ram Yantra, Jayprakash Yantra, Samrat Yantra and Misra yantra are the crowd pullers. Location: Parliament Street, Connaught place Timings: sunrise to sunset, all days. Entry fees: Rs.5/- for Indians and Rs.100/- for foreigners.

Akshardham Temple

Inspired by Yogi Ji Maharaj and created by Pramukh Swami Maharaj, the Swaminarayan Akshardham temple display an array of the spiritual and cultural aspect of Hinduism. The 10 gates denote the ten-principal direction as per Indian mythology. The complex features three exhibitions, namely the Sahajanand Darshan, Neelkanth Darshan and Sanskruti Darshan along with Sahaj Anand water show, Abhisheka Mandap and a theme garden. The Mandovar houses 4287 carved stones and has 48 idols of Ganesh and 200 sculpted figures of Rishi, Muni, Sadhu and devotees. Explore this enigmatic site and create a lifetime of memories. You can also explore amazing places to visit near Delhi within 100 kms as Delhi attracts a lot of tourists for its vibrant beauty and culture.  Location: Akshardham Setu on NH 24. Timings: 9.30am – 6.30pm except for Mondays. Entry fees: Rs. 170/-

Lotus Temple

The Bahai House of Worship is a simple and serene structure in white marble resembling a flower. The building consists of 27 marble clad petal shaped structure at 3 levels with 9 sides. The 9 doors lead to the central hall which can accommodate 2500 people from any religious background to worship or meditate in peace. The pristine white interior adds on to pure and tranquil existence. The Lotus Temples has claimed several accolades for its architecture wonder and as the most visited building in the world. Location: Nehru place near Kalkaji temple. Timings: 9.00am – 5.30pm, except Mondays. Entry fees: Free.

Lodhi Gardens

Lodhi gardens is a city park settled over 90 acres, built by the Lodi’s in the 15th-century houses the tombs of several Mughal rulers. The Bara Gumbad and the Sheesh Gumbad narrates the architectural glory of an archaic era. Morning walkers, yoga enthusiasts and joggers from different parts of Delhi flock this place in numbers to soak in the lush greenery around and make it colourful and lively as the day breaks. Lodhi gardens is one of the best picnic spots to spend time with your loved ones. Location: Lodhi road, beside India International Centre. Timings: 6.00am to 8.00pm daily. Entry fees: Free.

Agrasen ki Baoli

Built in the 14th century by the King Agrasen, the 60 feet deep step well has been very carefully maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India. This historical Place in Delhi has 108 steps with three levels leading to the water storage area.  The austere grandeur of this step well has allured many architects and historians worldwide. It is definitely one of the best places to hangout for youngsters in Delhi. It is an amazing experience to walk through the cascading stairs and to realise that it was all excavated with hand several decades back. Location: Hailey Road, Near KG Marg, Connaught Place. Timings: 7.00am to 6.30pm all days. Entry fees: Free.

Purana Quila

The oldest Fort in India, the Purana Quila is one of the most captivating historical places in Delhi due to its towering presence. Built by Humayun in 1534 currently, it has a light and sound show narrating the history of the Citadel. The massive ramparts adorned with merlons have three gateways. The old Fort is surrounded by a wide moat connecting to river Yamuna where visitors are seen boating on relaxed weekends. Location: Mathura Road near Delhi Zoo. Timings: 7.00am to 5.00pm all days. Entry fees: Rs. 20/- for Indians and Rs.200/- for foreigners.

Mehrauli Archaeological Park

One of the most well-preserved historical relics in Delhi bordering the Qutub Minar complex is worth a visit. This archaeological site, though ignored by the tourists has the Jamali-Kamali Mosque done up in grand Mughal style. The walking track leads one to the garden where often children of different ages are seen playing around. The tomb of Mohammed Quli Khan is exquisitely embellished with painted plasterwork with occasional glazed tiles. Location: Mehrauli Gurgaon road, near Lado Sarai. Timings: 8.00am to 6.30pm all days. Entry fees: Free.

Jahanpanah Fort

Jahanpanah is a barricaded city built by Muhammad Bin Tughlaq to encounter the Mongols. Though the Fort lies in a dilapidated condition, yet it has several structures which offer hindsight of the dynasty. As the imperial family stayed at the royal residences, the Begumpur Mosque was built for the Royals to offer prayers and the Sarai Shahji Mahal was used as an inn. Other monuments like the Bijai Mandal, Kalusarai Mosque, Kharbuje ka Gumbad and Lal Gumbad bedeck the complex. Location: Malviya Nagar. Timings: 9.00am to 6.30pm all days. Entry fees: Free.

Safdarjung Tomb

Built by Shuja-Ud-Daula in 1754 in Mughal architectural style, this historical Place in Delhi has garnered attention by tourists. The mausoleum built of marble and sandstone with grand arches, intricate detailing and majestic architecture has stood testimony to time.

Also known as, “Safdarjung Ka Maqbara” has a garden, a library and several pavilions adding on the grandiose. The immaculate garden surrounding the tomb is built in Charbagh style with walkways and sparkling water tank. Location: Intersection of Safdarjung road and Aurobindo Marg. Timings: Sunrise to sunset daily. Entry fees: Rs15/- for Indians and Rs.200/- for foreigners.

Nizamuddin

Nizamuddin is a popular busy and crowded location in Delhi bustling with markets, Bazaar and residences. This site has a few hidden gems of historic relevance like the Humayun’s Tomb and Abdul Rahim Khan I Khana. Hands of skilful Mughal architects built this grand double domed Mausoleum of Humayun which stands tall till date. The Sufi shrine of Nizamuddin Dargah churns out devotional Sufi songs to heal the distressed body and mind. Nizamuddin emanates of an era of grandiose, opulence, culture and grace. Location: Mathura Road, Old Nizamuddin Bazaar. Timings: 5.00am to 10.00pm all days. Entry fees: Free.

Shergarh

Shergarh is considered to be a historical monument in Delhi due to its connected with the Mughal ruler Sher Shah Suri. The looming façade of this Fort has three gates, Bada Darwaja flanked with robust bastions, the Talaqui Darwaja or the Forbidden Gate and the Humayun Gate. The Southern Gate, the Humayun Gate is the signature symbol of Purana Quila with two pervasive pavilions at the top. The amphitheatre through its light and sound show transports the audience to an age of courageous warriors, heroic tales and of opulence and glory. Location: Nizamuddin East. Timings: Sunrise to sunset Entry fees: Rs.20/- for Indians and Rs.200/- for a foreigner.

Alai Minar

This incomplete tower within the Qutub Complex was built by Alauddin Khilji which was planned to be double the size of Qutub Minar. This was to mark his phenomenal victory in the Deccan War. However, his untimely death created a ripple and the construction came to a halt. The 80 feet high single storey tower in a rubble masonry projects the Sultan’s intention of a gargantuan structure. The unfinished legacy portrays chronicles of the Sultan’s gallantry, dignity and prosperity. Location: Hailey Road, Connaught Place. Timings: 7.00am to 6.00pm. Entry fees: Rs.10/- for Indians and Rs.250/- for foreigners.

Lodhi Tomb

The tomb of the second ruler of the Lodhi dynasty, Sikander Lodhi was built by his son Ibrahim Lodhi. The tomb has an octagonal structure and inspired by Indo-Islamic architecture. The first garden tomb of India is a fortified complex with two umbrella-shaped pavilions on a square platform in the front. The carved pillars in the verandah around the tomb are intricately handcrafted with dexterity by artisans par excellence. This historical place in Delhi is frequented by nature lovers due to its wide variety of birds in the greenery around and a watercourse leading to the Yamuna. Location: Lodhi Gardens, New Delhi. Timings: 8.00am to 7.30pm all days. Entry fees: Free of

Mumtaz Mahal

Mumtaz Mahal literally meaning the Jewel Palace is located within the Red Fort premises. Immaculate white marbles have been used to construct the Palace, which is one of the six palaces built facing the Yamuna. It houses six apartments divided by arched piers with intricate floral decorations embellished in the interiors. The building presently holds an exhibition of the Red Fort Archaeological Museum displaying exhibits of the Mughal Empire. Location: Netaji Subhash Marg, Lal Qila, Chandni Chowk. Timings: 9.30am to 4.30pm except for Mondays. Entry fees: Rs15/ for Indians and Rs.250/- for foreigners.

Lado Sarai

Rai Pithora, which is considered to be the first city of Delhi was built by Prithvi Raj Chauhan in the 12th century after defeating the Tomar Rajputs. The ruins of the erstwhile majestic infrastructure are now popularly known as Lado Sarai with relics strewn in the form of various Monuments. The gateways of Lal Kot, Tomb of Balban, Mandi Mosque, Rajon-ki-Bain, Badun Gate and Tomb of Azim Khan are to name a few. Locals throng this place during the weekend as the daylight breaks and engage in various social activities along with friends and family. Location: Lado Sarai, South West Delhi. Timings: Any time Entry fee: Free.

Siri Fort

The credit for building Siri Fort goes to the Afghan ruler Alauddin Khilji, which served as his seat to rule and obstruct repeated Mughal invasions. Along with the Siri Fort were the Citadel and a water body supplying water to the Fort and adjoining areas. The Fort which is now in ruins is enveloped by a modern sports complex comprising of world-class amenities for tennis, cricket, basketball, gymnasium and many more sports. The complex also houses Siri fort Auditorium with 4 internal sub auditoriums where several events are organised on a day-to-day basis. Location: North of Mehrauli and east of Hauz Khas. Timings: 9.00am to 5.00pm. Entry fees: Free.

Historical Places near Delhi

Jaipur

 Though not a historical place near Delhi within 100 kms, Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan. Founded in 1727 by the Rajput ruler Jai Singh II, the city is home to rich heritage and culture along with architecture. Known as the Pink City of India, Jaipur is easily accessible and a preferred weekend getaway. It is also a food hub with rich delicacies. So, there’s plenty for everyone to visit Jaipur. Distance from Delhi: 273 kms/about 6 hours by road, Jaipur is also accessible by air. Attractions: Attractions in Jaipur include the observatory Jantar Mantar, the ancient fort of Amer and Hawa Mahal, Jal Mahal, City Palace, Nahargarh Fort, Jaigarh Fort, Birla Mandir, Galtaji, Govind Dev Ji Temple, Garh Ganesh Temple, and many others.

Agra

Not a historical place near Delhi, Agra is a must-visit tourist destination. The city is located on the banks of the river Yamuna. This city can be reached by road and train from Delhi. It is the fourth most populated state in Uttar Pradesh. It is a hub of commerce and trade too. Agra forms part of the Golden Triangle tourist circuit, which also includes Jaipur, Lucknow and Varanasi. Agra is in the Braj cultural region and remains a popular tourist spot for weekends. Distance from Delhi: 231 kms/about 4 hours by road, Agra is accessible air too. Attractions: Attractions in Agra includes the world-famous Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri. All three of these places are World Heritage UNESCO sites. Agra is considered a romantic destination.

Dharamshala

 Dharamshala is a hill station and headquarters of the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. It was known as Bhagsu earlier. Dharamshala was selected in the 100 cities to be developed as a smart city as per the flagship Smart Cities Mission. The suburb McLeod Ganj was the home to the Dalai Lama after his exile. This tourist spot is visited by lakhs of tourists because of the pleasant weather during the summer months. Distance from Delhi: 476 kms/about 9 and a half hours by road.

Attractions: Attractions in Dharamshala includes Gyuto Monastery, Bhagsunag Temple, Jwala Mukhi Devi Temple, The Dalai Lama's Temple and others. This city is a great hilly getaway for tourists.

McLeod Ganj

McLeod Ganj is a hill station in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. Along with being a cool, mountainous region, it is also the home to the 14th Dalai Lama. This hill station was the home to the Dalai Lama after his exile. This spiritual hub and one of the most popular tourist spots visited by thousands. Along with its rich culture, the city also offers respite from the harsh Delhi summers and is an easily accessible hill station. Distance from Delhi: 484 kms/about 10 hours by road, McLeod Ganj is a popular tourist spot. Attractions: Attractions in McLeod Ganj includes Tibetan Museum, Triund, Bhagsunath Temple & Waterfall, Namgyal Monastery, Dharamkot, Kangra Fort, The Dalai Lama's Temple and many others. This historical city is a great hilly getaway for tourists.

Bikaner

Bikaner is nestled in the Thar desert. It is one of the historical places near Delhi place filled with art and culture. The city has an old-world charm. Bikaner is also called the camel-country. The city is bustling with rich architecture, fairs and of course -- delicious food. Sand dunes in this area attract tourists from all over the world. Distance from Delhi: 468 km/about 8 and a half hours by road and air too. Attractions: Attractions in Bikaner include Junagarh Fort, Karni Mata Temple or the rate temple. This historical place is also the home to the Jain temple. The city is also the home to Lakshmi Nath Temple, which has the popular statues of Hindu gods Vishnu and Laxmi temples.

Jhansi

Jhansi is a popular tourist city. It is  located in Uttar Pradesh and falls in the region of Bundelkhand. This city is situated on the banks of the Pahuj River. It is the administrative headquarters of Jhansi district and division and a popular city frequented by tourists. Jhansi has many popular tourist spots. Distance from Delhi: 478 kms/about 9 hours by road, Jhansi is a popular tourist spot easily reachable by car/bus and other road transports. Attractions: This city is the home to some great attractions like Rani Mahal, Jhansi Fort, Orchha Fort Complex and Cenotaph of Raja Gangadhar Rao to name a few.

Amritsar

Amritsar is a popular, sacred city for Sikhs. It is located in Punjab and is about 28 kilometres from the border with Pakistan. Amritsar comes under the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana. It doesn’t come under historical places near Delhi within 100 km but Amritsar is a pilgrim destination. Distance from Delhi: 448 kms/about 8 hours by road, Amritsar is reachable by daily trains, flights and buses to the city. Attractions: Amritsar is the home to the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib), which is regarded as the holiest gurdwara. Attractions include Ram Bagh Palace, Punjab State War Heroes' Memorial & Museum and Jallianwala Bagh.

Fatehpur

Fatehpur is located in Uttar Pradesh and is situated between the holy rivers of Ganges and Yamuna. One of the historical places near Delhi, this city gets its name after Babu Fateh Chandra who apparently helped Rani Lakshmi Bai in the freedom fight. The city of Fatehpur is as old as the Vedic era and was once the capital of the Mughals. Fatehpur is highly visited and has plenty of attractions with ancient significance. Distance from Delhi: 571 kms/about 9.3 hours by road, there are daily trains and buses to the city. Attractions: Some of these are Jama Masjid, Tomb of Salim Chisti, Buland Darwaja, Naubat Khana, Diwan-e-Aam, Diwan-E-Khas, etc.

Ajmer

Ajmer is in the top list of popular historic spots in the country. The city is bustling with life and is surrounded by the rugged Aravalli Hills. Located in Rajasthan, it is not a historical places near Delhi within 100 kms, but has a lot of significance in Islamic heritage. This historical place was once called “Ajaymeru.” Ajmer has some great tourist spots.

Distance from Delhi: 404 kms/about 7 hours by road, Ajmer is a highly visited place near Delhi on NH48. There are daily trains and buses to the city. Attractions: Ajmer houses the shrine of Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chishti, founder of Chishtiya order. Other attractions here include the Jain temple. The attractions include Mani bandh or Chamunda Mata Mandir (Temple), Taragarh Fort, etc.

Orchha

Founded in the 16th century, Orchaa is in the top list of historical places near Delhi. It is nestled on the banks of the River Betwa. The river splits into seven channels here. The name Orchaa means hidden palace. It was once the Bundela Rajput King capital. Some of the architectural sites, which depict the style of the Bundela dynasty,  are on the tentative list and may make it to UNESCO's world heritage sites. The proposal was sent by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to the United Nations (UN) body. Distance from Delhi: 498 kms/about 9 hours by road, Orchha is on NH44. One can reach the city by daily trains and buses. Attractions: Attractions here include the Orchha Fort Complex or Jahangir Mahal. Orchha has a lot to offer. Raja Mahal, Ram Raja Temple, Rai Praveen Mahal, etc. are some of the attractions here.

People Also Ask About New Delhi

How many historical places are there in Delhi?

There are so many historical monuments in Delhi that we cannot list them all here. But the major attractions here include Humayun’s Tomb, Red Fort, Qutub Minar, India Gate, Jama Masjid and Rashtra Pati Bhawan. Many of these historical monuments are related to India’s struggle of independence and have an essence of Past glory.

How many tombs are there in Delhi?

There are a total of 12 tombs in Delhi, which include: -Lodi Garden, -Humayun's Tomb, -Sikander Lodhi’s Tomb, -Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb, -Tughlaq bad Fort Khan-I-Khan’s Tomb, -Mirza Ghalib’s Tomb, -Karbala Graveyard Isa Khan Tomb, -Najaf Khan Tomb, -Maulana Azad Tomb, -Tomb of Imam Zamin.

How many forts are there in Delhi?

Delhi, being the capital of India has been a former state since the time of rulers. Many great rulers made it their home and established forts here. While Red fort was made by Shah Jahan and was the main residence of the Mughals, Feroz Shah Kotla Fort was a fortress built by Sultan Feroz Shah Tughlaq in his area of Firozabad. Other forts like Purana Quila have been there since the pre-Mauryan period. In addition to the forts, Delhi has many other numerous historical monuments, including the India gate and the Qutub Minar.

Who built the India Gate?

It was Edwin Lutiyens who laid the foundation of India Gate. The construction of this monument started on 10th February 1921 and ended around 12th February 1921 and was built in the memory of Indian soldiers who died in the 1st World War. Being the center of attraction, India gate has been frequented by visitors from all over the world and can be accessed easily from every corner of the city.

Why is Delhi also called mini-India?

Delhi has been a former capital state since the time of rulers. Rulers of all religions and their followers have made this beautiful city their home. Even till this day, people from all over India can be found residing in Delhi. People of all religions of India can be seen in Delhi living in love and harmony with each other. In case of food, here you can find almost every cuisine of India, be it the Hyderabadi biryani or Mysore pak. From above all we can easily understand the diversity of different communities and religions here, thus understanding why Delhi is called mini India.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Historical Landmarks Near Delhi:

1. What are some historical landmarks near Delhi that I should visit?

Some notable historical landmarks near Delhi include the Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Qutub Minar, India Gate, Hauz Khas Fort, Jama Masjid, Rashtra Pati Bhavan, Tughlaq bad Fort, Jantar Mantar, Akshardham Temple, Lotus Temple, Lodhi Gardens, Agrasen ki Baoli, Purana Quila, Mehrauli Archaeological Park, and more.

2. How far is Jaipur from Delhi, and what are its attractions?

Jaipur is approximately 273 kilometers from Delhi, taking around 6 hours by road. Its attractions include the Jantar Mantar observatory, Amer Fort, Hawa Mahal, Jal Mahal, City Palace, Nahargarh Fort, Jaigarh Fort, Birla Mandir, Galtaji, and more.

3. What attractions are there in Agra, and how far is it from Delhi?

Agra is around 231 kilometers from Delhi, taking about 4 hours by road. Its attractions include the iconic Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, and Fatehpur Sikri, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

4. What can I explore in McLeod Ganj, and how do I get there from Delhi?

McLeod Ganj is about 484 kilometers from Delhi, taking around 10 hours by road. Attractions include Tibetan Museum, Triund, Bhagsunath Temple and Waterfall, Namgyal Monastery, Dharamkot, Kangra Fort, and the Dalai Lama's Temple.

5. Which historical landmarks are there in Bikaner and how can I reach there from Delhi?

Bikaner, known as the camel country, is around 468 kilometers from Delhi, requiring about 8.5 hours by road. Its attractions include Junagarh Fort, Karni Mata Temple, Jain temple, Lakshmi Nath Temple, and more.

6. What is there to explore in Orchha, and how do I reach there from Delhi?

Orchha, known as the hidden palace, is about 498 kilometers from Delhi, taking around 9 hours by road. Its attractions include Orchha Fort Complex, Jahangir Mahal, Raja Mahal, Ram Raja Temple, Rai Praveen Mahal, and more.

7. Can I visit Fatehpur Sikri from Delhi, and what are its attractions?

Yes, Fatehpur Sikri is around 231 kilometers from Delhi, taking about 4 hours by road. Its attractions include Buland Darwaja, Tomb of Salim Chisti, Diwan-e-Aam, Diwan-e-Khas, and more.

8. How do I get to Ajmer from Delhi, and what attractions does it offer?

Ajmer, known for the shrine of Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chishti, is about 404 kilometers from Delhi, requiring around 7 hours by road. Its attractions include Khwaja Sahib Dargah, Jain temple, and the Chamunda Mata Mandir.

9. What are the notable attractions in Jhansi, and how can I reach there from Delhi?

Jhansi, known for its historic significance, is about 478 kilometres from Delhi, taking around 9.3 hours by road. Its attractions include Rani Mahal, Jhansi Fort, Orchha Fort Complex, and more.

10. Which historical landmarks are near Nizamuddin, and what makes this area unique?

Nizamuddin is known for its historical gems like Humayun’s Tomb and Abdul Rahim Khan I Khana. The towering double-domed Mausoleum of Humayun stands tall, while the Nizamuddin Dargah emanates devotional Sufi songs. It's a bustling area with markets, bazaars, and residences.

11. How can I explore the historic sites near Delhi?

You can explore these historic sites by road, train, or flight depending on the distance. Many of these sites are easily accessible and offer diverse experiences showcasing India's rich history and cultural heritage.

12. What is the entry fee for visiting these historical landmarks?

Entry fees vary for different landmarks. For example, the Red Fort charges Rs 35/- for Indians and Rs. 500/- for foreigners. It's recommended to check the specific entry fees for each landmark before visiting.

13. Are there any historic sites with no admission fees?

Yes, some historic sites like Chhota Qutub Minar, Lodhi Gardens, Agrasen ki Baoli, and more have no admission fees and are open to the public.

14. Can I visit these landmarks on weekends and holidays?

Most of these historical landmarks are open on weekends and holidays, providing opportunities for visitors to explore and enjoy their rich history and cultural significance.

15. Are guided tours available for these historical sites?

Yes, guided tours are often available for these historical sites, providing insights into their history, architecture, and cultural significance. Some sites may also offer audio guides for self-guided tours.

16. Are these historical landmarks family-friendly destinations?

Yes, these historical landmarks are family-friendly destinations, suitable for people of all ages. They offer a blend of education, history, and entertainment, making them ideal for family outings and vacations.

17. Can I capture photographs at these historical sites?

Yes, photography is usually allowed at these historical sites, but it's always a good idea to check for any specific photography guidelines or restrictions before visiting.

18. Can I explore these historical sites in a day trip from Delhi?

Some sites are easily reachable within a day trip from Delhi, while others may require more time. It's recommended to plan your itinerary based on the distance and the attractions you'd like to explore.

19. Are there any hotels or accommodations near these historical sites?

Many of these historical sites are located near or within cities that offer a range of accommodations, from budget to luxury hotels, allowing you to choose based on your preferences and budget.

20. Are there any restrictions or guidelines to follow while visiting these historical landmarks?

While visiting historical landmarks, it's important to follow the rules and guidelines set by the authorities to ensure the preservation of these sites for future generations. This may include restrictions on photography, behavior, and respecting the cultural and historical significance of the site.

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[iasguidance]

Qutub Minar and its monuments

Context: The initial stage of restoration efforts for the Alai Darwaza (at Qutub Minar complex) will be undertaken by the Archaeological Survey of India. Alai Darwaza Originally, Qutb-ud-din Aibak commissioned the construction of a mosque, later partly expanded by Shamsuddin Altamash (Iltutmish). Alauddin Khilji had grand plans for the Qutub complex, aiming to enlarge the Quwwat-ul-Islam…

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#GS Paper 1 #Indian Architecture #Prelims Nuggets

[daily-quiz-join]

List of founder, best ruler, and last rulers of all the dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate:

Table of the founder, best ruler, and last rulers of all the dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate: DynastyFounderBest rulerLast rulerMamluk dynastyQutbuddin Aibak (1206-1210)Iltutmish (1211-1236)Nasiruddin Mahmud (1246-1265)Khalji dynastyJalaluddin Khilji (1290-1296)Alauddin Khilji (1296-1316)Mubarak Shah (1320)Tughlaq dynastyGhiyasuddin Tughlaq (1320-1325)Muhammad bin Tughlaq (1325-1351)Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1351-1388)Sayyid dynastyKhizr Khan (1414-1421)Mubarak Shah (1421-1434)Alauddin Alam Shah (1443-1451)Lodi dynastyBahlul Khan Lodi (1451-1489)Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517)Ibrahim Lodi (1517-1526) The best ruler of the Delhi Sultanate is considered to be Alauddin Khilji of the Khalji dynasty. He was a strong and capable ruler who expanded the Sultanate's territory and made significant reforms to its administration. He is also known for his ruthlessness and his use of terror to maintain control. The Delhi Sultanate was founded by Qutbuddin Aibak, a slave of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad Ghori. The Sultanate lasted for over 300 years and was ruled by five different dynasties. It was eventually overthrown by the Mughals in 1526. Read the full article

[greatestlordaboveall]

[delhidarshan1]

Hauz Khas Fort at Delhi

Hauz Khas Fort is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Delhi. Located in the Hauz Khas Village area of South Delhi, the fort is an iconic landmark that reflects the rich history and culture of the city. The Hauz Khas Fort was built during the reign of Sultan Alauddin Khilji in the 14th century, and it has been a significant part of Delhi's architectural heritage since then.

Visiting Hauz Khas Fort is an ideal way to explore the history and culture of Delhi. The fort is a perfect example of Indo-Islamic architecture, and it offers an insight into the lifestyle of the medieval period. The fort was once a part of the Delhi Sultanate and was used as a water reservoir to supply water to the nearby cities. Today, it is a popular tourist destination that attracts visitors from all over the world.

The fort complex includes several structures, including a mosque, a tomb, a madrasa, and a water tank. The water tank is the main attraction of the fort, and it is surrounded by a lush green garden that offers a serene and peaceful environment. The mosque and the tomb are also impressive structures that showcase the intricate architecture of the era. The madrasa, which was once a place of learning, is now used as an exhibition space and hosts various cultural events and exhibitions throughout the year.

Apart from the historical significance, Hauz Khas Fort is also known for its vibrant and lively atmosphere. The fort is surrounded by trendy cafes, boutiques, and art galleries that make it a perfect spot for tourists to spend a leisurely afternoon. The area is also famous for its nightlife, and many bars and nightclubs can be found in the vicinity.

If you are planning to visit Hauz Khas Fort, it is recommended to go early in the morning or late in the evening to avoid the crowds and the heat. The best time to visit the fort is during the winter months, from October to March, when the weather is pleasant and cool. It is also advisable to wear comfortable shoes as the fort complex involves a lot of walking.

In conclusion, Hauz Khas Fort is an excellent destination for tourists who want to experience the rich history and culture of Delhi. The fort offers a glimpse into the past, and its vibrant atmosphere makes it a perfect spot to spend an afternoon or evening. So, if you're planning a trip to Delhi, be sure to visit Hauz Khas Fort and explore this magnificent heritage site. Delhi Darshan will be happy to answer questions regarding this Fort.

#delhi #delhidarshan #travel #forts

[7starmovies]

Exploring Aditi Rao Hydari's Acting Skills: A Closer Look at Her Best Performances

Aditi Rao Hydari is a talented and versatile actress who has made a name for herself in the Indian film industry. She has played a wide range of roles in her career, from historical dramas to contemporary romantic comedies. In this blog, we will take a closer look at some of Aditi Rao Hydari's best performances, exploring her acting skills and the impact she has had on the Indian film industry.

One of Aditi Rao Hydari's most memorable performances was in the 2012 film "Yeh Saali Zindagi". In the film, Aditi played the role of Shanti, a young woman who falls in love with a criminal played by Irrfan Khan. Aditi's portrayal of Shanti was nuanced and layered, capturing the character's vulnerability and inner strength. Her chemistry with Irrfan Khan was palpable, making their scenes together some of the most memorable in the film.

Another standout performance by Aditi Rao Hydari was in the 2013 film "Murder 3". In the film, Aditi played the role of Roshni, a fashion photographer who moves into a haunted house with her boyfriend. Aditi's performance in the film was subtle and understated, bringing a sense of realism to the horror genre. Her chemistry with co-star Randeep Hooda was electric, making their scenes together some of the most intense in the film.

Aditi Rao Hydari's talent for historical dramas was on full display in the 2018 film "Padmaavat". In the film, Aditi played the role of Mehrunisa, the first wife of Alauddin Khilji played by Ranveer Singh. Aditi's portrayal of Mehrunisa was elegant and regal, capturing the character's strength and grace. Her chemistry with Ranveer Singh was electric, making their scenes together some of the most captivating in the film.

Another memorable performance by Aditi Rao Hydari was in the 2016 film "Wazir". In the film, Aditi played the role of Ruhana, a young woman who helps a wheelchair-bound former cop played by Amitabh Bachchan solve a series of murders. Aditi's performance in the film was understated and nuanced, capturing the character's intelligence and wit. Her chemistry with Amitabh Bachchan was palpable, making their scenes together some of the most engaging in the film.

Finally, Aditi Rao Hydari's performance in the 2018 film "Sammohanam" was a testament to her versatility as an actress. In the film, Aditi played the role of Sameera, a movie star who falls in love with a young cartoonist played by Sudheer Babu. Aditi's performance in the film was lively and energetic, capturing the character's larger-than-life persona. Her chemistry with Sudheer Babu was charming, making their scenes together some of the most delightful in the film.

In conclusion, Aditi Rao Hydari is a talented actress who has made a name for herself in the Indian film industry. Her performances in films like "Yeh Saali Zindagi", "Murder 3", "Padmaavat", "Wazir", and "Sammohanam" are a testament to her versatility and range as an actress. Whether playing a historical figure or a contemporary character, Aditi brings a sense of realism and depth to her performances, making her one of the most respected and sought-after actresses in the industry.

If you want to watch one of Aditi Rao Hydari's best performances, "Watch Taj: Divided by Blood online". 

[pevekay]

Hoysaleshwara Temple is a 12th-century Shaivite temple. It is unique for the richness, finesse and beauty of the carved friezes that adorn its exterior walls.

The stunning architectural style and grandeur of the temple add to its mystique and classifies it as one of the most unique stone-carved monuments in the world.

When Vishnuvardhana (1108-1142 CE) defeated the Cholas in 1116 CE, he commemorated the seminal victory by building a grand temple. The temple was built on the banks of a large man-made lake and was completed in 1160 CE during the reign of Narasimha I (1142-1173 CE).

Somewhere in the middle of the 13th century, the Hoysala kingdom was divided between two brothers, Narasimha III who ruled from Dwarasamudra and Ramanatha from Kannanur. The final blow came in the form of Malik Kafur, a general of Alauddin Khilji who invaded south India in the 14th century.

In 1326 CE another Delhi Sultanate army of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq plundered the temples of Belur and Halibedu and it became a near-ruin for many years thereafter. The capital was abandoned and the site became known as “Halebidu” (literally, “old camp or capital”). As Dwarasamudra was attacked the king fled to Tiruvannamalai, and died in Madurai in 1343 CE while fighting the Sultanate invaders. It is said the cruel end to the grand dynasty came when “the captured king was slain and skinned, his skin was stuffed with straw and hung from the top of the walls of Madurai.” Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan traveller who was in the court of Muhammad bin Tughluq, the reigning Sultan at the time, records this. Dwarasamudra and its temples became ruins, the capital abandoned.

The Chennakesava Temple at Belur was built as a Vaishnava temple. The Hoysaleswara temple was constructed during the same period by the Shaivas to compete with the Chennakesava Temple.

The carved banded plinths, a distinguishing characteristic of all Hoysala temples, comprise a series of horizontal courses that run as rectangular mouldings around the temple, with narrow recesses between them.

More than 340 large reliefs depicting the complete Hindu pantheon, which run all along the outer walls.

The Nandis are huge, monolithic sculptures, each beautifully adorned with garlands of flowers, jewellery and small bells. The Nandi shrines are also exquisitely decorated with intricate carvings and lathe-polished columns. The roofs have their own detailed artwork engraved in stone.