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#1776 Project
pingskumonium · 2 months
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stumbles out of csp covered in more blood than usual
anyways!
this is my gift to @stargazerkasa for @winter-sekai-gift-exchange :3c
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kirbism · 5 months
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On one hand yeah it's true like wtf do we talk about if there are kids unaware of the cold war or Vietnam or Korea or Iraq (etc etc...) But also like on the other hand we have a huge party including it's normal every day constituents who have an explicit platform to Lie about American history and explicitly say they want to delete certain events from history, and they receive support for it. We have always been at war with eastasia indeed.
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LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN
February 19, 2023
Heather Cox Richardson
Today in the Washington Post, Nick Anderson showed how the Advanced Placement course on African American studies changed between February 2022, when its prototype first appeared, and February 2023, when the official version was released. One word, in particular, had vanished: the word “systemic.” In February 2022, “systemic” appeared before “marginalization; in April 2022, “systemic” came before “discrimination, oppression, inequality, disempowerment and racism.”
By February 2023, that word was gone. While the College Board, which produces the AP courses, says it did not change the course in response to its rejection by Republican Florida governor Ron DeSantis, who said it contributed to a “political agenda,” its spokespeople have acknowledged that they were aware of how the right wing would react to that word.
The far right opposes the idea that the United States has ever practiced systemic racism. Shortly before former president Trump left office, his hand-picked President’s Advisory 1776 Commission produced its report to stand against the 1619 Project that rooted the United States in the year enslaved Africans first set foot in the English colonies on the Chesapeake, and went on to claim that systemic racism had shaped the eventual American nation.
Trump’s 1776 commission rejected the conclusions of the 1619 Project’s authors and instead declared that “the American people have ever pursued freedom and justice.” While “the American story has its share of missteps, errors, contradictions, and wrongs,” it asserted, “[t]hese wrongs have always met resistance from the clear principles of the nation, and therefore our history is far more one of self-sacrifice, courage, and nobility.”
Since Trump left office, far-right activists have passed laws prohibiting teachers from talking about patterns of racism and have worked to remove from classrooms and school libraries books whose subjects must overcome systemic discrimination.
Today is the anniversary of the day in 1942, during World War II, that President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 enabling military authorities to designate military areas from which “any or all persons may be excluded.” That order also permitted the secretary of war to provide transportation, food, and shelter “to accomplish the purpose of this order.”
Four days later, a Japanese submarine off the coast of Santa Barbara, California, shelled the Ellwood Oil Field, and the Office of Naval Intelligence warned that the Japanese would attack California in the next ten hours. On February 25 a meteorological balloon near Los Angeles set off a panic, and troops fired 1,400 rounds of antiaircraft ammunition at supposed Japanese attackers.
On March 2, 1942, General John DeWitt put Executive Order 9066 into effect. He signed Public Proclamation No. 1, dividing the country into military zones and, “as a matter of military necessity,” excluding from certain of those zones “[a]ny Japanese, German, or Italian alien, or any person of Japanese Ancestry.” Under DeWitt’s orders, about 125,000 children, women, and men of Japanese ancestry were forced out of their homes and held in camps around the country. Two thirds of those incarcerated were U.S. citizens.
DeWitt’s order did not come from nowhere. After almost a century of shaping laws to discriminate against Asian newcomers, West Coast inhabitants and lawmakers were primed to see their Japanese and Japanese-American neighbors as dangerous.
Those laws reached back to the arrival of Chinese miners to California in 1849, and reached forward into the twentieth century. Indeed, on another February 19—that of 1923—the Supreme Court decided the case of United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind. It said that Thind, an Indian Sikh man who identified himself as Indo-European, could not become a U.S. citizen. Thind claimed the right to United States citizenship under the terms of the Naturalization Act of 1906, which had put the federal government instead of states in charge of who got to be a citizen and had very specific requirements for citizenship that he believed he had met.
But, the court said, Thind was not a “white person” under U.S. law, and only “free white persons” could become citizens.
What were they talking about? In the Thind decision, the Supreme Court reached back to the case of Japan-born Takao Ozawa, decided a year before, in 1922. In that case, the Supreme Court ruled that Ozawa could not become a citizen under the 1906 Naturalization Act because that law had not overridden the 1790 naturalization law limiting citizenship to “free white persons.” The court decided that “white person” meant “persons of the Caucasian Race.” “A Japanese, born in Japan, being clearly not a Caucasian, cannot be made a citizen of the United States,” it said.
As the 1922 case indicated, Asian Americans could not rely on the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1868, to permit them to become citizens, because a law from 1790 knocked a hole in that amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment provided that “all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.” But as soon as that amendment went into effect, the new states and territories of the West reached back to the 1790 naturalization law to exclude Asian immigrants from citizenship based on the argument that they were not “free, white persons.”
That 1790 restriction, based in early lawmakers’ determination to guarantee that enslaved Africans could not claim citizenship, enabled lawmakers after the Civil War to exclude Asian immigrants from citizenship.
From that exclusion grew laws discriminating against Chinese immigrants, including the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act that prohibited Chinese workers from migrating to the United States. Then, when Chinese immigration slowed and Japanese immigration took its place, the U.S. backed the so-called Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907 under which Japanese officials promised to stop emigration to the United States. The United States, in turn, promised not to restrict the rights of Japanese already in the United States, although laws prohibiting “aliens” from owning land meant Japanese settlers either lost their land or had to put it in the names of their American-born children, who were citizens under the Fourteenth Amendment.
In 1942, the assumption that Japanese Americans were dangerous and anti-American was rooted back in the earliest years of the country, in the 1790 naturalization law designed to make sure that Africans could not become United States citizens.
After the 1923 Thind decision, the United States stripped the citizenship of about 50 South Asian Americans who had already become American citizens. One of them was Vaishno Das Bagai, an immigrant from what is now Pakistan who came from wealth and who settled in San Francisco in 1915 with his wife and three sons to start a business. Less than three weeks after arriving in the United States, Bagai began the process of naturalization. He became a citizen in 1920.
The Thind decision took that citizenship away from Bagai, making him fall under California’s alien land laws saying he could not own land. He lost his home and his business. In 1928, explicitly telling the San Francisco Examiner that he was taking his life in protest of racial discrimination, Bagai died by suicide. His widow, Kala Bagai, became a community activist.
World War II changed U.S. calculations of who could be a citizen as global alliances shifted and all Americans turned out to save democracy. From Japanese-American internment camps, young men joined the army to fight for the nation. In 1943, the War Department authorized the formation of Japanese-American combat units. One of those units, the 442d Regimental Combat Team, became the most decorated unit for its size in U.S. military history. Their motto was “Go for Broke.”
Congress overturned Chinese exclusion laws in 1943 and, in 1946, made natives of India eligible for U.S. citizenship. Japanese immigrants gained the right to become U.S. citizens in 1952.
“[S]elf-sacrifice, courage and nobility” definitely enabled people like Thind, Vaishno Das Bagai and Kala Bagai, and the soldiers of the 442d Regimental Combat Team to assert “the clear principles of the nation.” But it’s hard to see how a teacher can explain “missteps, errors, contradictions, and wrongs” from 1942 that were rooted in a law from 1790 without using the word “systemic.”
LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN
HEATHER COX RICHARDSON
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lightdancer1 · 1 year
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Hannah-Nikole Jones and Gerald Horne may not be aware of this but:
One of the bigger whoppers in Gerald Horne's Counterrevolution of 1776, and the 1619 Project essay that takes it as anything but a work of hackery, is treating this as a cause of the Revolution. In reality it was the opening salvo of the war spreading to the South from New England. A deed taken after a war began does not, Hannah Nikole Jones and Gerald Horne's selective understanding of chronology and reality aside, cause the event it reacts to.
All the same Dunmore did hit the Southern colonies where it hurt and the result was that the Continental Army wound up the most integrated US force of arms until the Truman era.
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stephenmayo-nh · 9 months
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1776 pushup challenge day 11 set 1
620/1776
https://www.instagram.com/linking/fundraiser?fundraiser_id=930633001567700&source_name=SHARE_LINK
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auroraluciferi · 2 years
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oleander-nin · 5 months
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Horrortober Day 19- Curiosity(Yandere Rise Mikey x Reader)
A/N, not important: You know, if life screws me over today and I can't finish tomorrows, I think I'm okay with 19 consecutive posts. I'm not happy, but I don't think I'd do anything drastic over this one. Any criticism is welcome, constructive or not. This is supposed to be a gender neutral reader, so if I screwed up somewhere, please tell me.
-Ollie
CW: Kidnapping, hinted disturbing imagery w/out detail, obsession, mention of gorey drawing, snooping, yandere themes, dark themes
Words: 1776
Summary: You finally get access to Mikey’s locked notebook and aren't sure the bubbly turtle is as innocent as he seems anymore.
The concrete floor of the lair’s living room was cold, the freezing stone seeping into your shirt and numbing your stomach. You shiver at the feeling, unsure how pleasant you truly thought it felt. Despite insisting for the past thirty minutes it was fine, you were starting to regret your call as the cold latched onto your limbs and was starting to take your arms down too. You never realized how difficult it was to draw with numb fingers. You take a small breath, grumbling quietly as you shift on the floor in an attempt to get warm.
“Hey Mikey?” You catch his attention, frowning slightly because you knew you were giving in to winter's touch. You didn’t think you’d bail so soon. Mikey looks at you, his warm eyes also seeming to know exactly what you wanted, as if he was more surprised you lasted this long.
“I have a big blanket in my bed.” He says simply, turning back to his work. You nod gratefully, pushing your palms against the floor to pick yourself up. You shiver as you walk towards the orange turtles room, your teeth chattering from the brisk air. You didn’t understand why Donnie was so insistent on waiting until one of his projects was complete before cranking up the heat since his lab had its own separate thermal system, but no one dared to complain. Donnie wasn’t against ‘accidentally’ shutting off the system entirely while his room is unaffected. You were all certain it was just to keep Leo away from Donnie’s inventions anyway.
Pushing the door aside, you walk into Mikey’s room. It was the same temperature as the hallway, but the more colorful walls made it feel warmer. If you tried hard enough, you were fairly certain you could have a conversation with the paintings on the walls.
You spend little time admiring the graffiti Mikey covered everything in. You had been here millions of times before, and it had been a few weeks since Mikey added another masterpiece to his room. You drift over to the hammock and shuffle the pillows and blankets around to find your favorite, the large fluffy one Mikey always lets you use. You wrap the plush blanket around yourself, convinced you had just stolen a piece of heaven to sink into. The little warmth your body was generating is trapped within the blanket's fabric, quickly returning the color to your face.
Your eyes drift around the room one last time as you walk to the exit, merely scanning for oddities than truly taking in the details. Your eyes land on a bright red sketchbook sitting inconspicuously on Mikey’s desk, the usual diary lock that kept it closed sitting open and to the side. The sketchbook was open, showing off a drawing of someone familiar. You move closer, ignoring the nagging voice that was scolding you for snooping.
The drawing was of you, sitting next to Mikey on the couch. You were both leaning on each other, hands and legs entangled in the silly pose. Your face was happy, the graphite drawing somehow capturing the light and care in your eyes. You smile softly, kneeling down to take the sketchbook in your hand and admire the drawing more. It was a surprise to see, but a very welcome one.
You thumb the pages over to the beginning, looking through the drawings more. You seemed to be the main focus of most of the drawings, which helped you feel justified in looking through the sketchbook. There were so many sketches of you, the first couple innocent and sweet like the one you first saw. You frown as you glance over the fourth and fifth pages, the detailed drawing of you chained and gagged making you feel uneasy.
The next few pages were similar, all depicting you in ways that made you uncomfortable or sick. You stop looking through at the eleventh drawing, the dead bodies being too similar in looks to your friends and families. You shakily set the book down, unsure how to feel about what you just saw. On one hand, they could very well just be practice, and he found you easy to draw. On the other… 
You shudder, not wanting to dwell on the implications of that. You quickly thumb through the drawings, trying to not look at them as you try to return to the original page that was open when you came in. You’re so engrossed in your mission, you don’t even notice Mikey entering the room and shutting the train car's door behind him. He walks forward, startling you as he grabs the notebook from your hand and carefully closes it, making sure to not bed any of the pages.
You gape at him, eyes wide and barely breathing. You struggle to speak while he locks the notebook, his face blank except for the smile on his lips. It was like he was glad you saw his drawings.
“I-I’m so sorry Mikey, I saw it open and then when I went to grab it, I dropped it and I was trying to fix it, but I couldn’t find the page and-” Mikey kneels in front of you and covers your mouth with his hand, stopping your desperate lies from falling. His eyes were still the same, warm and kind and oh so innocent, something you were starting to not believe. He looks down at the sketchbook in his hand, then sets it back down on the desk.
“It’s fine,” He lies, the words coming easy. He keeps his hand firmly over your mouth, not trusting you to not interrupt. “I was going to give it to you anyways! I’m just a little disappointed you peaked so early. It kind of ruins the gift.”
He pouts at you, his hand finally dropping from your mouth. Before you can speak, his arms wrap around your lower back and pull you forward, sending you crashing into his chest. You grunt in discomfort, your head knocking comfortably against the dull points of his plastron and the blanket being the only thing that kept you from the rough texture. 
“So, how much did you see?”
His soft voice sends chills down your spine. You weren’t used to so much forced happiness in his voice, and no longer being able to see his face from your position made it so much worse. You gently try to push him back, your heart thudding against your ribcage. Your fists slowly close, his arms holding you tight against him so you have no chance of moving. You try to swallow the lump in your throat, desperately chasing down the fear that was starting to consume you. You try to think of what to say, unsure of how to step to calm down the young mutant.
“Not much,” Your throat is dry when you speak, causing your words to be quieter and harder than you wanted. Mikey shifts you closer to him, his face pressed into your hair. You don’t try to struggle in his arms, wanting nothing more than for him to calm down and let you go. “I just saw the first couple pages.”
Mikey hums in acknowledgement, his chest lifting higher as he breathes deeply for a moment. His voice is tight, almost nervous. You weren’t sure how to take it. “What did you think?”
“They were… Nice.” You say, your stomach churning once more as you remember the drawings and what they contained. The blood and gore of your family members from the final page would haunt you for years to come. Mikey nods despite your unease, seeming to brighten at the answer. 
“Good. I’m glad you like them. I really really like you, you know. I wanted to give that to you before I asked you out but…” Mikey takes a deep breath, his voice darkening and his arms growing tighter around you. “Well, you ruined it. You ruined the surprise, and I’m really mad at you right now.”
Your blood runs cold at his words, unease biting at your heart and soaking into your veins. Mikey doesn’t speak for a moment, his body tense. You weren’t sure what he was thinking, but you got the feeling you had to leave. Now.
“Hey Mikey?” You mumble, trying to tread lightly. You didn't want to make him more upset. He squeezes you, letting you know he was listening without making a sound. “I’m sorry, I really am, but I need to go home. I- I have homework, remember?”
Mikey doesn’t answer, his grip tightening more and you were sure you could feel your bones stress under the pressure. You open your mouth to continue, but he cuts you off, the usually bubbly turtle's words turning cold.
“You’re not leaving.” He says shortly, an almost whine in his voice despite the cold words. You tense, unsure how to respond. The growing fear in your heart wasn’t helping you think clearly, and you couldn’t see a good way to get out of this.
Mikey breathes through his nose, trying to calm himself so he doesn’t do anything brash. You both sit there for a few moments, your face forcefully pressed up against Mikey’s plastron. Your breathing is starting to get more laborious as panic continues to set in, Mikey’s compressive hold not helping in the slightest. The turtle himself also seemed unsure what to do next, his arms shaking as he held you. Neither of you move nor speak, not wanting to break the heavy silence that fell upon the room.
“I’m sorry,” MIkey says suddenly, his voice making you both jump. He licks his lips before continuing, your silence encouraging him to finish. “I’m sorry, but I can’t let you leave. I need you. This, this wasn’t supposed to happen like this.”
Before you can ask what he meant, Mikey stands up with you in his arms, his spots and eyes glowing as he lets his powers flow. Your panic escapes you now, screams and cries erupting from your float as chains wrap around you and lock you in place. Now fully bound, Mikey sets you down in his hammock bed, his eyes shaky while he backs away. He looks over you, seemingly looking for injuries while you continue to scream and curse his name. Mikey seems upset at the outburst, quickly walking out of sight before reappearing with a small cloth he shoves into your mouth. The dusty rag burns on your tongue, making you choke and cough.
“I’ll be back.” Mikey mumbles, his eyes disappearing as he turns around and marches off, leaving you to steam alone in his cold, treacherous room.
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soberscientistlife · 2 months
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It’s one of America’s most famous icons, and for over a century, it has welcomed millions of immigrants seeking a better life. It is the Statue of Liberty. Gracing New York Harbor with her torch, crown and tablet, but unbeknownst to many Americans, Lady Liberty was originally designed to celebrate the end of slavery, and not the arrival of immigrants. Ellis Island, the inspection station through which millions of immigrants passed, didn’t open until 1892, six years after the statue was unveiled in 1886. The plaque with the famous Emma Lazarus poem — “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free” — wasn’t added until 1903. The monument, which draws 4.5 million visitors a year, was first imagined by French abolitionist Édouard de Laboulaye. Laboulaye loved America, and he loved it even more when slavery was abolished. He wanted to create some kind of commemorative gift that would recognize the importance of the liberation of the slaves. Laboulaye enlisted sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, whose early model from 1870, shows Lady Liberty with her right arm in the position we are familiar with, raised and illuminating the world with a torch, but in her left hand she held broken shackles, an homage to the end of slavery. A terra cotta model of which still exists today at the Museum of the City of New York. Due to delays and funding, construction had stopped, and meanwhile in America, Reconstruction had been crushed, the Supreme Court had rolled back civil rights protections, and Jim Crow laws were tightening their grip. In order to finish the project, Bartholdi had to change the design in an attempt to attract more donors. Bartholdi didn’t finish building the statue until 1884, and he oversaw its reconstruction in New York, until it was finally unveiled on Oct. 28, 1886. The final product had Lady Liberty holding a tablet inscribed with the Roman numerals for July 4, 1776. Despite that change, the broken chains are still present, however they lay at her feet. By 1886, the original meaning of the monument, the abolition of slavery, had been lost.
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suddenlybirdflash · 2 months
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Got back into JayTim so, here’s the first few chapters of a fic I started in 2016 and just came back to with renewed fervor.
____________________
The world ends in 2157.
Gotham floats over the radioactive wreckage of Earth.
Jason Todd is an immortal killer running through time.
Tim Drake is tasked with bringing him to justice.
They meet for the first time in 1776, 500 years before Tim is born.
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qqueenofhades · 6 months
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Do you think we romanticize the concept of revolution (especially violent revolution) out of some weird offshoot of our tendency to romanticize and propagandize war/the military?
Like, we treat war/the military as a good thing, so when we turn against it, we basically just apply the REVOLUTION coat of paint over the "military is great and just" framework? or something?
There are a few reasons. First, America itself is totally beholden to the idea of the Glorious Populist Revolution that overthrows the tyrants and brings Freedom (TM), thanks to the American revolution. That is why the right wing has spent endless time cosplaying "1776" and "Founding Fathers" and all the other cosmetic trappings that they put on their fascism project, and keep threatening to have a "new revolution" or a "new civil war" if Trump isn't immediately reinstated to the presidency for life. Because they are steeped in the paradigm of "messianic militarism," which has a long and inglorious history in the West and is based in Christian imperialism and colonialism, they just think that The Right Kind of Violence will overthrow the Evil Oppressors and everything will then be glorious! Of course, this has been a recurrent theme in human history and it has never, ever worked.
Because the so-called progressive left often takes deeply theocratic and fascist/conservative concepts and then just changes the wording/rationale/costume dressing, they have therefore become attached to the idea of "guillotining" all the oppressors (like the French revolution, which famously worked out fine and was definitely not followed by the Terror and did not at all end with the country lapsing back into absolute imperialism under Napoleon barely a decade later!), like we can just kill all the right people and then the world will be fine! Which uh. Yeah, that's a hard no from me. I dream as fondly of Elon Musk getting into a Tesla and suddenly blowing up as anyone, but I don't subscribe to the repurposed genocidal fantasy that "killing everyone is right when My People do it!," and I don't think that this would remotely result in a better world the end, because again: Historian talking here. It literally never, ever has. There are no magic shortcuts to making things better. It only happens by doing the work and not fantasizing about how much easier it would be if all the bad things abruptly disappeared in a splendid shower of blood and gore. Because a) that's not gonna happen and b) we don't fucking want it to! What is wrong with you?! Do you think only the Deserving Sinners will die in your Progressive Rapture and everyone else will be fine??? Because! Yeah! NO!!!
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tallmadgeandtea · 9 months
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Turn Week 2023:
History Nerdery!
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Hello, and Happy Fourth of July! For today's Turn Week, I wanted to talk about Benjamin's regiment in the Continental Army. We all know he's a Connecticut Dragoon, but what does that mean and what did they do, exactly? I'm going to let you know! The Continental Cavalry is my favorite unit in the army, and I actually did an Honors Research Project on them last year for my college. WARNING: this is going to be LONG. I'm sorry. Kind of.
What is the Continental Cavalry?
The cavalry is the mounted troops in a military force, meaning they fight on horseback. At the time of the Revolution, the cavalry was considered an elite and necessary force for a proper military. Combat on horseback was dangerous- you not only had to avoid cannon and gunfire, but you had to attack other mounted troops with lances and sabers of their own.
There are two types of cavalry: light cavalry and heavy cavalry. The light cavalry had three primary duties. Scouting, which was to patrol enemy forces, movements, and the terrain surrounding camps and battlefields, which also played into reconnaissance. They also served as messengers to officers on and off the battlefield. On the other hand, heavy cavalry was troops used in action. Their objective was to lead charges and weaken the enemy’s unmounted troops, like going after their flanks. They also performed raids/ambushes or small skirmishes against the enemy. Their combat was on and off the battlefield.
Due to the near constant lack of funds for the Continentals, their Dragoons performed both light and heavy cavalry roles. A dragoon/trooper is a soldier who fights either on horseback or on foot, depending on the amount of horse available. They used weapons such as: a cavalry saber, a shortgun, and a musket.
Unlike the British army, which brought over cavalry forces, at the beginning of the war, there was not an official cavalry for the Continentals. Some state and organized militias had mounted troops- such as the Philadelphia Light Horse- but professional, commissioned troops had not seen action.
After seeing the performance of the British cavalry during the New York Campaign, General George Washington realized his army needed horses of their own. Writing to Congress in late 1776, “From the Experience I have had in this Campaign… I am Convinced there is no carrying on the War without them.”
What made up the Continental Cavalry?
In 1777, the cavalry's first year in action, there were four regiments of Light Dragoons.
The 1st Regiment of Dragoons- from Virginia, also known as Bland's Light Horse. Their uniforms were originally the "classic" Continental coat: blue with red facings, but they then changed the standard to brown with green facings.
The 2nd Regiment, also known as the Connecticut Light Dragoons, Colonel Elisha Sheldon and Benjamin Tallmadge's force, mustered from Connecticut, hence the name. Their uniform was blue with buff facings.
The 3rd Regiment, aka Colonel Baylor's or Lady Washington's Light Horse, in honor of Martha Washington. Their uniform was white with blue facings (one of my favorite uniforms in the army.)
And the 4th Regiment, led by Colonel Stephen Moylan. His troops originally wore red! coats, and this lead to some incidents of friendly fire. At Washington's order, the regiment changed to green with red facings.
How does this relate to Turn: Benjamin Tallmadge and His Dragoons.
Although the show does not get into heavy detail about Benjamin Tallmadge's battle experience, we know what battles he was present at with his regiment.
1777 the cavalry's first years as professional troops in battle. Both had very... different outcomes, let's say. Both were also mentioned or briefly shown in season 2 of Turn, and my research focused on this.
During the Campaigns, a set of troops from each regiment of Dragoons was stationed with General Washington in Pennsylvania, led by Bland, Moylan, Baylor, Sheldon, and Tallmadge.
Benjamin Tallmadge and his soldiers were present at both the Battles of Brandywine and Germantown.
At Brandywine, Washington first used the dragoons for only scouting, not combat. But as the British went after his insecure right flank, he frantically sent units of soldiers and cavalry to prevent the British from getting to the road along and to Brandywine Creek. The cavalry also acted as messengers to officers during this battle, but insufficient preparation and speed led to delayed reports. The cavalry did lead a charge that allowed Washington to retreat, but the day was lost. Afterwards, the British marched into the Continental capital of Philadelphia.
After Brandywine, Washington needed another battle to try and take back Philadelphia. With a night march, he decided to attack the British near their camp in Germantown, Pennsylvania, a small village outside the city.
Washington had four columns, 2 made up of Continental forces and two of state militias. Just as at Brandywine, his right wing was commanded by Sullivan, and his left by Greene. The Dragoons were now under their newly commissioned commander, General Pulaski. Tallmadge stated in his memoirs that, “if every division of the army had performed its allotted part, it seems as if we must have succeeded.”
Unfortunately, this would not be the outcome at Germantown. At the beginning of the battle, the Continentals were winning. Part of the camp was captured. A heavy fog and rain set over the battlefield, and the British used this fog to their advantage. They retreated into a local country house and created a stalemate.
Benjamin Tallmadge and his dragoons were first stationed with Sullivan’s division, close upon “the scene of the action.” As the battle turned against the Continental forces and the troops became victim to enemy and friendly fire, Washington ordered him to use his 2nd Dragoons to block any further retreat, to no avail. Germantown was lost.
Germantown was the last official engagement of the Philadelphia campaign. But on June 28, 1778, the Continental Army and the Cavalry engaged the forces at the Battle of Monmouth in New Jersey. Due to proper military training thanks to the Inspector General Baron von Steuben and six months of waiting at Valley Forge, the army emerged as a proper fighting force and prevailed against the British. The victory allowed the Continentals to take back their capital and keep Washington in as Commander in Chief.
Monmouth is the shown in the finale of season 2- Gunpowder, Treason, and Plot- with Benjamin leading his dragoons into the battle.
After the 1777 campaigns, Tallmadge and his dragoons would stay up north, particularly New York, to patrol and engage the enemy in raids. They also participated in the Battles of Stony Point and Fort St. George, which were shown in seasons 3 and 4 of Turn.
Sources (and further reading):
Memoir of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge : Tallmadge, Benjamin, 1754-1835 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
Brandywine: A Military History of the Battle that Lost Philadelphia but Saved America, September 11, 1777 by Michael C. Harris, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® (barnesandnoble.com)
Germantown: A Military History of the Battle for Philadelphia, October 4, 1777 by Michael C. Harris, Hardcover | Barnes & Noble® (barnesandnoble.com)
Cavalry of the American Revolution - Jim Piecuch - Westholme Publishing
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schmergo · 2 years
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I’m so glad Dracula Daily is a thing because when I was in college, I had an absolute BLAST reading Dracula for my Gothic & Sentimental Literature class and the whole class experience felt a lot like this. For our final project for that class, we could either write a traditional paper OR do a “creative response.” I ended up writing a whole Weird Al-style parody musical about Dracula in which each song is a spoof of a song from a real musical. It was definitely my favorite college assignment I did. 
When I submitted it, my professor sent me an email with the subject matter “I take it back,” and wrote, “ In this case, I DO give A plusses.  Megan, I would have given  you an A for the "Dracula" song you performed in class. But you wrote a WHOLE F'ING OPERA! “ 
This is the track listing for anyone who’s interested (perhaps mild spoilers):
1. JOURNEY ON (Parody of the song of the same name from Ragtime): Jonathan, Dracula, Mina
2. THOUSANDS OF BUGS (Parody of “Seasons of Love” from Rent): Renfield
3. MY EYES ARE FULLY OPENED (Parody of song from Gilbert & Sullivan’s Ruddigore/ Sometimes Pirates of Penzance): Dracula, Jonathan, Renfield
4. DRACULA! (Parody of “Popular” from Wicked): Dracula
5. BUT VAN HELSING (Parody of “But Mr. Adams” from 1776), Van Helsing, Arthur, Seward, Lucy, Quincey 
6. GOOD EVENING, DRACULA! (Parody of “Good Morning Baltimore” from Hairspray): Lucy 
7. KEEPING DEATH AT BAY (Parody of “Colors of the Wind” from Pocahontas): Van Helsing
8. IT TAKES SIX (Parody of “It Takes Two” from Into the Woods): Jonathan, Mina, Van Helsing, Seward, Arthur, Quincey
9. KILL ME! (Parody of “Show Me” from My Fair Lady): Mina 
10. ONE STAKE MORE (Parody of “One Day More” from Les Miserables): Entire company 
11. DON’T CRY FOR ME MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN (Parody of “Don’t Cry for Me, Argentina” from Evita): Dracula 
And, if you want to read Dracula’s big villain song, here it is:
(To the tune of “Popular”)
Dracula:
Whenever I see someone less powerful than I
And—let’s face it—who isn’t
Less powerful than I? Their mortal blood tends to start to spill.
So I’m giving you a makeover
Lie back and let me take over
Before I go in for the kill.
For even in your case
A girl so sweet and pure, demure and chaste
I’ll sway you, with each gallon that you bleed
On which I feed
Then, yes, indeed
You will join...
 Dracula! The dreadful Count Dracula!
You’ll glide without making noise
Kidnap little boys
In the shadows, swoop and pounce! Oh!
I’ll put you into a trance
So you’ll stand no chance
Drain you down to your last ounce
Cause I’m Dracula…
The horrid Count Dracula
You’ll hang out inside a crypt
Sticking to my script
From centuries ago
Now I’m here, so darkness will fall and blood will flow.
 I’m not afraid of sun or running water
I think of them as speedbumps on my road to slaughter
And garlic blossoms can’t protect your daughter
Your rear-view mirror
Does no good, I fear, for
It can’t reflect Count Dracula, immortal Count Dracula
Immortal’s just what you’ll be
When you stand by me
So say goodbye to who you are—ta-ta!
There’s no escape, I’ll track you
You can’t hide from Dracular… la…
MWAAAAHAAAAA HAAAAAHAHAHAA
You’re gonna be like Dracula!
 Being ancient hell-spawned creatures
Comes with several special features
Strength, shape-shifting, immortality, to name three.
Celebrated heads of state
Quite soon will be decapitated
Your scientific knowledge
Cannot stop me.
 Cause I’m Dracula! Please! You don’t mess with Dracula
If I see you wield a stake
Oh boy, big mistake
And next time you wake, you’ll be
A vampire slave for all eternity!
 And though you protest
Just like all the rest
You’ll be possessed by me
My dear, once I have got you
You’ll be all Nosferatu-y!
Mwaaaaahaaaa, haaaa-haaha—
Like Count Dracula
Just not half as fabulous as me!
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varteeny1234 · 4 months
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I WROTE SOMETHING!!
Summary: BigB, Pearl, Martyn, and Grian think about what their roles are in these games. They're all puppets, really, but one person in particular seems to be the Watchers' favorite to torture.
Or
The Evo Crew reflects on Jimmy's curse.
Chapters: 1/1
Warnings: None
Words: 1776
Enjoy!
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saturnville · 8 months
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bad study habits.
pairing: will smith (bel-air, 2022) x black!fem!oc. summary: will invites his project partner (and girlfriend) over for a study date, which turns out more sensual than anticipated. warning: 18+ sensuality. reference: bel-air (2022). note: binge watched bel-air season 2 today and felt like writing. don't mind me.
Bel-Air Academy proved to be over the top each day of his attendance. Nothing seemed to top the luxurious enemies, great cafeteria food, and beautiful women, save for the ridiculous assignments given by the teachers of the institution. A six-page research paper with an accommodating tri-fold presentation seemed outlandish if his opinion was considered. And for his least favorite subject? Debauchery.
History was never his subject. Terrible was too harsh of a word to describe his skill set, however, disinterested seemed to be a more accurate portrayal. And the history of the United States was the farthest thing from his mind, especially with the woman in front of him.
Will typically had wonderful self-control; impressive for a young man his age. It went out the window any time she was in his presence. Tia. Her rich complexion and wide-tooth smile. Hair that swung in her face each time she lowered her head to focus on words her pencil scribbled upon a page. And the little huffs of frustration and moans of discomfort. Spiral.
“How are the dates coming, Will?” Her eyes met his. They were dark and tantalizing. By the teasing tone of her voice and the quip of her eyebrow, he knew she caught him lacking.
"Great," he said quickly with a small smile. "Just great." She hummed, unamused. His flashcards were blank and the lead of his pencil had yet to kiss the paper. She giggled.
"Bored?" she asked. Will nodded, "Very."
Tia sighed softly and pushed her notebook off her lap. A different approach would have to do. She bent over to place it on the table in front of the couch and sat up straight. She tucked her feet under her knees and placed her hands in her lap. "Active recall it is."
Will raised an eyebrow, "Active recall?" He leaned forward in anticipation. "I thought that was flashcards and stuff."
"You can do it verbally, too. Makes it a little less boring. I'll give you dates, and you tell me what occurred. Cool?" Will nodded. "Okay. 1788."
His eyes went wide. Tia tossed her head back with a hearty laugh. "Okay, I'll give you a hint. 3 people. Jay, Madison, Hamilton."
"...the Federalist Papers? Where they went on those long ass rants?"A smile graced his lips when Tia nodded. "You should slide a kiss my way as a reward." She raised an eyebrow. He raised one back. She tried to fight the smile on her lips but failed miserably, so, she leaned in and pressed a gentle kiss on his lips. It proved to be unsatisfactory when he pulled her into his lap to replace the pillow that'd been there.
"Focus," she said sternly, shifting in his lap. He ignored the sudden pressure building up within him and nodded. His hands fell on her thighs. Tia cocked her head to the right, and his eyes fell on her elongated neck. Smooth and soft. Wrapped with two gold chains. Nefertiti and the letter W.
"I'm focused," Will reassured. Her hands dropped to his chest. His eyes followed. "Real focused."
"Document signed on July 4, 1776."
"The Declaration of Independence." Tia hummed in approval. "I'd kick yo ass if you didn't know that." Will rolled his eyes. His history buff of a girlfriend, "I'm already knowin'. Aye--where's my kiss?"
Tia twisted her lips, "You think imma kiss you every time you get an answer right?" Will shrugged his shoulders and pulled her body against his. "You don't have much of a choice, shorty." His lips were against hers in quick haste, which pulled a soft sigh from her.
"You know what." His lips broke away from hers and began to travel down her neck. "You tell me somethin' I don't know. How many people have to agree on an amendment to ratify the Constitution?" His large hands traveled up her thighs and around her waist. His fingertips toyed at the beads that poked out the top of her pants and tugged softly. Downward, his hands crept along the swell of her bottom. He squeezed. She moaned.
Tia's hand rested on the back of Will's neck, pushing him closer toward the sensitive skin at the base of her collarbone. "9 out of 13 states. T-two thirds m-must agree--Will."
"One more--when you gon' let me take you to bed?" The ghosting of his lips against the shell of her ear was all she needed.
"Now."
Right where he wanted her.
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eldritchboop · 9 months
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The Lost Entrepreneurs Handbook
The Lost Book Project charges $13 for this collection. If you found this roundup useful, please consider donating to the Internet Archive instead.
Other roundups here
Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill - The Earliest Book (1937)
The Law of Success in 16 Lessons by Napoleon Hill (1925)
Outwitting the Devil by Napoleon Hill (Unknown)
How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie (1936)
How to Stop Worrying and Start Living by Dale Carnegie (1944)
How to Develop Self-Confidence & Influence People by Dale Carnegie (1956)
The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith (1776)
The Richest Man in Babylon by George Clayson (1926)
The Greatest Salesman In The World by OG Mandino (1968) Ed note: This is a rental; book is still in publication and copyright!
How I Raised Myself From Failure to Success in Selling by Frank Bettger (1958)
The Science of Getting Rich by Wallace D. Wattles (1910)
The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham (1949) Ed note: This is a rental; this book is still in publication and copyright!
Theory of Business Enterprise by Thorstein Veblen (1904)
Business Cycles by Wesley Clair Mitchell (1913)
General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by John Maynard Keynes (1936)
Value and Capital by John Hicks (1939)
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herbs-and-poultices · 3 months
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I usually like to keep my Tumblr shenanigans and my AO3 shenanigans separate, but... I am WAY too proud of this thing.
It took me over a month, and that's with finishing two chapters in the last two days because I'm stuck at home with covid. I thought it was going to be like 3 chapters max, but when does anything I write ever go according to plan, it turned into not only the first thing I've written in two years but the longest thing I've ever written on either site.
Very short summary: Lexington, Massachusetts, 1776. The day after the first battle of the American Revolutionary War, two friends are reunited. One of them is mortally wounded.
Expect ~9,000 words of absolutely plotless self-indulgent whump / hurt/comfort (or hurt / no comfort, depending on your definition)
Notes:
When I say plotless, I mean it.
Also intended as completely gen.
If you're a stickler for medical accuracy, know that I am not. (But the shortage of painkillers is historically accurate.)
I kept the characters' canonical ages of 16 and 18. The book is a YA coming-of-age story set in a time when young people often went off on their own at earlier ages than we would accept today. If that's uncomfy for you, don't read.
This is based on a book that I expect very few people to have read any time recently if at all. If you feel like it, some things might make more sense if you skim over a plot summary or some character descriptions. but absolutely not a requirement.
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