#14th District of Illinois
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This is the full list of all Republican House representatives who voted against the sick leave measure:
Robert Aderholt, Alabama 4th district
Rick Allen, Georgia 12th district
Mark Amodei, Nevada 2nd district
Kelly Armstrong, North Dakota
Jodey Arrington, Texas 19th district
Brian Babin, Texas 36th district
Jim Baird, Indiana 4th district
Troy Balderson, Ohio 12th district
Jim Banks, Indiana 3rd district
Andy Barr, Kentucky 6th district
Cliff Bentz, Oregon 2nd district
Jack Bergman, Michigan 1st district
Stephanie Bice (OK), Oklahoma 5th district
Andy Biggs, Arizona 5th district
Gus Bilirakis, Florida 12th district
Dan Bishop, North Carolina 9th district
Mike Bost, Illinois 12th district
Kevin Brady, Texas 8th district
Mo Brooks, Alabama 5th district
Vern Buchanan, Florida 16th district
Ken Buck, Colorado 4th district
Larry Bucshon, Indiana 8th district
Ted Budd, North Carolina 13th district
Tim Burchett, Tennessee 2nd district
Michael Burgess, Texas 26th district
Ken Calvert, California 42nd district
Kat Cammack, Florida 3rd district
Mike Carey, Ohio 15th district
Jerry Carl, Alabama 1st district
John Carter, Texas 31st district
Buddy Carter, Georgia 1st district
Madison Cawthorn, North Carolina 11th district
Steve Chabot, Ohio 1st district
Liz Cheney, Wyoming
Ben Cline, Virginia 6th district
Michael Cloud, Texas 27th district
Andrew Clyde, Georgia 9th district
Tom Cole, Oklahoma 4th district
James Comer, Kentucky 1st district
Connie Conway, California 22nd district
Rick Crawford, Arkansas 1st district
Dan Crenshaw, Texas 2nd district
John Curtis, Utah 3rd district
Warren Davidson, Ohio 8th district
Rodney Davis, Illinois 13th district
Scott DesJarlais, Tennessee 4th district
Mario Diaz-Balart, Florida 25th district
Byron Donalds, Florida 19th district
Jeff Duncan, South Carolina 3rd district
Neal Dunn, Florida 2nd district
Jake Ellzey, Texas 6th district
Tom Emmer, Minnesota 6th district
Ron Estes, Kansas 4th district
Pat Fallon, Texas 4th district
Randy Feenstra, Iowa 4th district
Drew Ferguson, Georgia 3rd district
Brad Finstad, Minnesota 1st district
Michelle Fischbach, Minnesota 7th district
Scott Fitzgerald, Wisconsin 5th district
Chuck Fleischmann, Tennessee 3rd district
Mike Flood, Nebraska 1st district
Mayra Flores, Texas 34th district
Virginia Foxx, North Carolina 5th district
Scott Franklin, Florida 15th district
Russ Fulcher, Idaho 1st district
Matt Gaetz, Florida 1st district
Mike Gallagher, Wisconsin 8th district
Andrew Garbarino, New York 2nd district
Mike Garcia, California 25th district
Bob Gibbs, Ohio 7th district
Carlos Gimenez, Florida 26th district
Louie Gohmert, Texas 1st district
Tony Gonzales, Texas 23rd district
Anthony Gonzalez, Ohio 16th district
Bob Good, Virginia 5th district
Lance Gooden, Texas 5th district
Paul Gosar, Arizona 4th district
Kay Granger, Texas 12th district
Garret Graves, Louisiana 6th district
Sam Graves, Missouri 6th district
Mark Green, Tennessee 7th district
Marjorie Taylor Greene, Georgia 14th district
Morgan Griffith, Virginia 9th district
Glenn Grothman, Wisconsin 6th district
Michael Guest, Mississippi 3rd district
Brett Guthrie, Kentucky 2nd district
Andy Harris, Maryland 1st district
Diana Harshbarger, Tennessee 1st district
Vicky Hartzler, Missouri 4th district
Kevin Hern, Oklahoma 1st district
Yvette Herrell, New Mexico 2nd district
Jaime Herrera Beutler, Washington 3rd district
Jody Hice, Georgia 10th district
Clay Higgins, Louisiana 3rd district
French Hill, Arkansas 2nd district
Ashley Hinson, Iowa 1st district
Trey Hollingsworth, Indiana 9th district
Richard Hudson, North Carolina 8th district
Bill Huizenga, Michigan 2nd district
Darrell Issa, California 50th district
Ronny Jackson, Texas 13th district
Chris Jacobs, New York 27th district
Mike Johnson, Louisiana 4th district
Bill Johnson, Ohio 6th district
Dusty Johnson, South Dakota
Jim Jordan, Ohio 4th district
David Joyce, Ohio 14th district
John Joyce, Pennsylvania 13th district
Fred Keller, Pennsylvania 12th district
Trent Kelly, Mississippi 1st district
Mike Kelly, Pennsylvania 16th district
Young Kim, California 39th district
David Kustoff, Tennessee 8th district
Darin LaHood, Illinois 18th district
Doug LaMalfa, California 1st district
Doug Lamborn, Colorado 5th district
Bob Latta, Ohio 5th district
Jake LaTurner, Kansas 2nd district
Debbie Lesko, Arizona 8th district
Julia Letlow, Louisiana 5th district
Billy Long, Missouri 7th district
Barry Loudermilk, Georgia 11th district
Frank Lucas, Oklahoma 3rd district
Blaine Luetkemeyer, Missouri 3rd district
Nancy Mace, South Carolina 1st district
Nicole Malliotakis, New York 11th district
Tracey Mann, Kansas 1st district
Thomas Massie, Kentucky 4th district
Brian Mast, Florida 18th district
Kevin McCarthy, California 23rd district
Michael McCaul, Texas 10th district
Lisa McClain, Michigan 10th district
Tom McClintock, California 4th district
Patrick McHenry, North Carolina 10th district
Peter Meijer, Michigan 3rd district
Dan Meuser, Pennsylvania 9th district
Mary Miller, Illinois 15th district
Carol Miller, West Virginia 3rd district
Mariannette Miller-Meeks, Iowa 2nd district
John Moolenaar, Michigan 4th district
Alex Mooney, West Virginia 2nd district
Barry Moore, Alabama 2nd district
Blake Moore, Utah 1st district
Markwayne Mullin, Oklahoma 2nd district
Greg Murphy, North Carolina 3rd district
Troy Nehls, Texas 22nd district
Dan Newhouse, Washington 4th district
Ralph Norman, South Carolina 5th district
Jay Obernolte, California 8th district
Burgess Owens, Utah 4th district
Steven Palazzo, Mississippi 4th district
Gary Palmer, Alabama 6th district
Greg Pence, Indiana 6th district
Scott Perry, Pennsylvania 10th district
August Pfluger, Texas 11th district
Bill Posey, Florida 8th district
Guy Reschenthaler, Pennsylvania 14th district
Tom Rice, South Carolina 7th district
Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Washington 5th district
Mike Rogers, Alabama 3rd district
Hal Rogers, Kentucky 5th district
John Rose, Tennessee 6th district
Matt Rosendale, Montana
David Rouzer, North Carolina 7th district
Chip Roy, Texas 21st district
John Rutherford, Florida 4th district
Maria Elvira Salazar, Florida 27th district
Steve Scalise, Louisiana 1st district
David Schweikert, Arizona 6th district
Austin Scott, Georgia 8th district
Joe Sempolinski, New York 23rd district
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14th Amendment: Illinois election board hears objection to Trump candidacy based on January 6 insurrection | CNN Politics
This practice is not respected it's not illegal but it's not it's not respected it is because the higher Court our son and daughter say and I know that and they're waiting for the finding and it's from The district Court the federal level and they will proceed if they are found liable or ineligible actually and it is a really big deal
Thor Freya
Olympus
I did hear something about it earlier but it was cut out
Hera Zues
You know what the outcome was in Colorado and they're saying it's still pending
Daniel
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Lauren Underwood defeats Scott Gryder in Illinois 14th District, NBC News Projects – NBC Chicago
Lauren Underwood defeats Scott Gryder in Illinois 14th District, NBC News Projects – NBC Chicago
Rep. Lauren Underwood won re-election in Illinois’ 14e Congressional District, beating Republican challenger Scott Gryder, NBC News projects.
Underwood, a registered nurse, was first elected to Congress in 2018 by defeating incumbent Randy Hultgren in a pickup for the Democrats. She faced a significant challenge in the 2020 race, edging out Jim Oberweis by less than 6,000 votes.
The congresswoman…
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US Attorney’s Office Sues Chicago Cubs
By Morgan Fahey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Class of 2023
July 29, 2022
On Thursday, July 14th, the United States Attorney’s office sued the Chicago Cubs over the team’s recent renovation of Wrigley Field. The suit was filed in US District Court in the city of Chicago. The office’s goal was to pressure the team to remedy alleged violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Around three years ago, the U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois opened a review of the renovations at Wrigley Field to ensure that they complied with the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
The US Attorney’s office has alleged noncompliance with the ADA and said that the team failed to ensure that recent additions to the ballpark were appropriately accessible to individuals with disabilities, which is required by the Americans with Disabilities Act.
The reconstruction of Wrigley Field was a massive, multi-year project that costed hundreds of millions of dollars. It was intended to make the ballpark last another century and was known as “the 1060 Project.” The Cubs have said that the renovations improved accessibility for those with disabilities to see the games, but the federal government maintains otherwise. In their view, the renovation work did not satisfy the law’s requirements.
To make the changes to the ballpark, the team rebuilt a sizable portion of Wrigley Field, including knocking down and rebuilding the bleachers and tearing down most of the lower grandstand and rebuilding it. The lawsuit states that these changes were subject to the ADA’s requirements for design, construction, and alterations.
The lawsuit alleges that the Cubs failed to provide wheelchair users with sufficient sightlines as compared to standing guests or incorporate wheelchair seating into the new premium clubs and group seating areas.
During the reconstruction, the Cubs removed the best wheelchair seating in the stadium. In the general admission areas, the team designed and constructed the wheelchair seating so that it is very clustered in the last row of seating sections, which is in violation of the requirements of the ADA Standards for Accessible Design. They also failed to remove architectural barriers to access in unchanged portions of Wrigley Field where they were readily able to do so, the lawsuit states.
Following the renovation project, general admission wheelchair seats are now located in four spots in the bleachers. The lawsuit alleges that many of these spots are located in the last row on newly constructed porches instead of the main bleacher concourse level. This puts them farther back and further from the field. In some cases, individuals with disabilities are seated behind fans who stand and block the view.
Title III of the ADA prohibits public accommodations, such as sports stadiums, from excluding people with disabilities from enjoying goods, services, privileges, facilities, and advantages provided.
The US Attorney’s office’s suit against the Cubs seeks relief to remedy the alleged ADA violations. The lawsuit asks the Cubs to make changes so that they are in compliance, and it also asks the judge to issue a fine against the team. The Cubs have issued a response and said they hope to settle this amicably.
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https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/2022/7/14/23216287/chicago-cubs-wrigley-field-renovation-ada-lawsuit-wheelchair-accessibility
https://www.nbcsports.com/chicago/cubs/chicagos-us-attorneys-office-sues-cubs-over-wrigley-renovations
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🚨📣📢⚠️➡️ILLINOIS 14th DISTRICT #IL14 SAY HELLO 👋 TO REPRESENTATIVE #LaurenUnderwood 👑 #ReElectLaurenUnderwood #LaurenUnderwoodforCongress FOR ℹ️ VISIT 866OURVOTE VOTE411 WHENWEALLVOTE GLAAD FAIRFIGHTACTION ROCKTHEVOTE FOR DETAILS. #ElectionsMatter 🗳 #Elections2022 🗳 #ElectionsHaveConsequences 🗳
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J. F. OVER Contractor 1910 State St (Photo taken by Rachel Hughes in Coronado, CA on April 17, 2022).
According to Find a Grave, J.F. is John Franklin.
In the 1901 Directory of American Cement Industries and Hand-book for Cement Users, J. Frank Over is listed as one of San Diego’s “Contractors and Large Users of Cement.” (p. 427).
Over had also been part of the firm Over & Nagle. Other people have captured their stamps. In fact, I think he did work on his own and with Nagle simultaneously, as they are both listed in the 1901 and 1902 Directory of American Cement Industries and Hand-book for Cement Users (Charles Carroll Brown, Municipal Engineering Company). Nagle was Charles “Chas” Nagle, but I won’t go into him much as this post is about Over! They had an office on 2nd & G Street, which is currently in the Gaslamp District (San Diego City and County Directory - 1895, The Olmstead Company, 1895).
J. Frank Over was listed as a “cement contractor and general manager” of Cement Products Co at “14th cor National av, h 630 Fir.” in the San Diego City and County Directory, pg. 391 (San Diego Directory Company, 1907). That was a cement block office building at 14th & National (Southwest Contractor and Manufacturer, Volume 3, 1909). Today that address seems to be in National City, CA. He lived at 545 19th St. - now a house built in 1925 according to Zillow.
On the same page, Clinton L Over is listed as foreman, with the note “h 1121 G.” On page 319 of the same directory, August Lilligren is also listed as foreman for J F Over, with the note “r 1744 K,” though I don’t know what either of these notes mean. According to the history of San Diego County book described a few paragraphs below, this address included “rock crusher and bins” which “furnished the materials for the American National Bank building, the Grand Hotel garage, the County Hall of Records,” et cetera et cetera. Clinton died sometime before April 21, 1966, when this “notice to creditors” was run in Town and Country News: Serving Alpine, East El Cajon, Jamul, Lakeside, and the Mountain Empire (p.7, “Legal Notices”).
I saw a listing for a Henry Over in San Diego who was a teamster, but I am not sure if he was related. J. Frank’s father was named Henry, but it doesn’t seem he ever made it out to California.
Over ran for “member of the Common Council” in the March 23, 1909 Primary Municipal Election of San Diego. I am not sure how many positions were available, but it’s likely he lost because he only received 343 votes (the candidate with the most votes in that category received 1,651).
At least by 1913, Over had separated from Nagle in business. A broad book about San Diego from that year describes Over as “one of the most prominent and active men in business circles of San Diego” (Black, Samuel T. San Diego County California: A Record of Settlement, Organization, Progress and Achievement, Illustrated, Volume II, pg. 255-256, The S.J. Clarke Publishing Company, Chicago, 1913). From this book we also learn a bunch of biographical information. He was born in 1861, “reared and educated” in Sterling, Illinois. He “learned cement making under John Grant,” a pioneer of the trade in Omaha. Over moved to San Diego in 1889 to be Pacific Paving Company of San Francisco’s foreman on a specific job. He stayed in the city after and worked for Excelsior Paving Company before starting Over & Nagle. In fact, as of that time, they had “laid more sidewalks and curbs in San Diego than any firm in a similar line of work.” In 1894, he married Gertrude Ells (1872-1937) and had one son, Franklin A. He was a member of a couple fraternal organizations: the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Woodmen of the World. Plus, he owned 160 acres in Escondido for ranching but gave that up to focus on “his business enterprises.”
Over had been involved with “laying the curbings in Coronado from the ferry to the hotel,” laying “the foundations for the Granger block, the Home Telephone Company, the Pickwick Theater the annex to the Brewster Hotel and all of the buildings in the business block owned by the old Chadburn Furniture Company” in San Diego - not to mention the “finest residences in San Diego and a great deal of work along lines of municipal improvement.”
In the minutes of a meeting from August 15, 1917, a deed was granted to Clinton L. Over for “R/W Linda Vista Road.”
In 1918, Over put in a high bid for constructing “cement sidewalk for the City of San Diego on the northside (sic) of Broadway leading to the Municipal Pier” (Southwest Builder and Contractor, pg. 80, F.W. Dodge Company, 1918).
Bill Dawson, “a Coronado resident,” wrote an article entitled “History stamped on Coronado sidewalks.” In it he states that he thinks that the Over stamp at Ocean Boulevard and Loma Avenue is the oldest stamp in Coronado (Coronado Eagle and Journal, Volume 81, April 2, 1991). This sentiment is shared by Timeless Treasures: San Diego’s Victorian Heritage (Rand Editions, 1982).
Here are some images from a San Diego Transit survey field book! The engineer used a book published by H.S. Crocker Company, Stationers, Drawing Materials, Mathematical Instruments, etc., San Francisco.
There are also a ton of written records of San Diego meetings that mention Mr. Over. This one is from a Board of Aldermen meeting:
Here is a “Resolutions” book:
J. F. Over died January 10, 1929 at age 67 in San Diego County, California, USA. He was buried at Greenwood Memorial Park in San Diego, as well.
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And, of course, Many Very Good Vacations. Very Excellent, and Fine, and Good. Very Appropriate, and Safe, and Sound. And of Course. We are Family. We are Kinsfolks. And Maybe for example. Many Very Good Vacations. New York City is a Good and a Great Place. Warrior, Alabama is a Good and aa Great Place. Utah is a Good and a Great Place. Hawaii is a Good and a Great Place. Alaska is a Good and a Great Place. Much Very Good and Great Foods. Much Very Good and Great Drinks. Wyoming is a Good and a Great Place. Oregon is a Good and a Great Place. The New York Athletic Club is a Good and a Great Place. Twenty Four(24) Hour Fitness is a Good and a Great Place. The United Nations(U.N.) Building in New York City(N.Y.C.) is a Good and a Great Place. The Statue of Liberty in New York City is a Good and a Great Place. The United States Congress and the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C. is a Good and a Great Place. Omsi, the Oregon Museum of Science of Industry, is a Good and a Great Place. The American Red Cross(A.R.C.) is a Good and a Great Place. The Oregon Republican Party(O.R.P.) is a Good and a Great Place. And I, of Course, enjoyed being a Volunteer and/or a Worker. Many Very Good and Great Restaurants and/or Cafes. Tennessee is a Great and a Good Place. Alabama is a Good and a Great Place. Illinois is a Good and a Great Place. Missouri is a Great and a Good Place. California is a Good and a Great Place. Anaheim, Californis a Good and a Great Place. Alaska is a Good and a Great Place. Honolulu, Hawaii is a Good and a Great Place. Hollywood, California is a Good and a Great Place. Seattle, Washington is a Good and a Great Place. St. Louis, Missouri is a Good and a Great Place. Many Very Good and Great Vacations. Chicago, Illinois is a Good and a Great Place. And for example. Canada is a Good and a Great Place. The Yukon is a Good and a Great Place. British Columbia is a Good and a Great Place. The Japanese Embassy is a Good and a Great Place. The Belgian Embassy is a Good and a Great Place. The Swedish Embassy is a Good and a Great Place. The German Embassy is a Good and a Great Place. Washington State is a Good and a Great Place. Idaho State is a Good and a Great Place. Washington, D.C., the District of Columbia, is a Good and a Great Place. Georgetown University(G.U.) is a Good and Great Place. Willamette University(W.U.) is a Good and a Great Place. Johns Hopkins University(J.H.U.) is a Great and a Good Place. Baltimore, Maryland is a Good and a Great Place. Salem, Oregon is a Good and a Great Place. Many Very Good and Great Trips and/or Many Very Good and Great Vacations. Excellent, and Fine, and Good. And, of Course. Appropriate, and Safe, and Sound. And, of Course. No Real Problems. No Real Troubles. No Real Concerns. No Real Very Long Duration Problems. No Real Very Long Duration Troubles. No Real Very Long Duration Concerns. And, of Course. And instead, Excellent, and Fine, and Good. And Appropriate, and Safe, and Sound. Very Good. Very Appropriate. Very Excellent. And, of Course. And We are Family. And We are Kinsfolks. Maybe for example. Very Excellent, and Fine, and Good. Very Appropriate, and Safe, and Sound. And of Course. Signed, Brandon Ryan Katrena(B.R.K.), and today is 5-14-2022(today is this Saturday(Satur.) the month is May(the month is Mai and/or the month is May) the day is the Fourteenth(14th) and the year is Two Thousand Twenty Two(2022 A.D.E.) ). Very Excellent, and Very Good, and Very Appropriate. Signed (again), Brandon Ryan Katrena(B.R.K.).
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Lauren Underwood (#VoteHerIn, Episode 42) (Two Broads Talking Politics podcast) On the 42nd episode of the #VoteHerIn series, a partnership project of Two Broads Talking Politics/Kelly Pollock and Rebecca Sive, author of Vote Her In: Your Guide to Electing Our First Woman President, you’ll hear an interview with Congresswoman Lauren Underwood from the Illinois 14th District.
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Dennis Hastert
Born: January 2, 1942, Aurora, IL
Physique: Average Build
John Dennis Hastert is an American former politician and convicted felon who represented Illinois's 14th congressional district from 1987 to 2007 and served as the 51st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2007. The longest-serving Republican Speaker of the House in history, after the Democrats gained a majority in the House, he resigned and began to work as a lobbyist.
Hastert was indicted and convicted in 2015 of financial crimes related to paying hush money to cover up repeated incidents of child molestation before his political career, when he was a high school coach. Hastert was sentenced to 15 months in prison, and related fines and conditions; he was released after 13 months. With that being said, before knowing all that... Not approving what he did. Hastert would have caught a dick. Preferable between 1999 to 2007.
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Women’s rights activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Betsy Ross, who championed gender equity, didn’t feel the same about race. While many white suffragists worked to help eradicate the institution of slavery, they did not work to ensure that former slaves would have citizenship or voting rights.
“Black women were not accounted for in white women’s push for suffrage. Their fight wasn’t about women writ large. It was about white women obtaining power – the same power as their husbands, black women and black men be damned,” says Howard University Assistant Professor Jennifer D. Williams.
Stanton and Ross and other high-profile leaders in the movement didn’t support the 14th and 15th amendments, which granted former slaves citizenship rights and gave black men voting rights. Given this chasm, a black women’s suffrage movement developed alongside the mainstream movement.
“There was a concerted effort by white women suffragists to create boundaries towards black women working in the movement,” says historian and author Michelle Duster. “White women were more concerned with having the same power as their husbands, while black women saw the vote as a means to improving their conditions.”
Some black suffragists you should know
Sojourner Truth (About 1797-1883)
Born into slavery as Isabella Baumfree, she gained her freedom in the 1820s and supported herself through menial jobs and selling a book written by Olive Gilbert, “Narrative of Sojourner Truth: a Northern Slave, Emancipated from Bodily Servitude by the State of New York in 1828. At the 1851 Women’s Rights Convention held in Akron, Ohio, Sojourner Truth delivered what is now recognized as one of the most famous abolitionist and women’s rights speeches in American history, “Ain’t I a Woman?” In 1872, Truth was turned away when trying to vote in the U.S. presidential election in Battle Creek, Michigan.
Harriet Tubman (About 1820-1913)
Tubman, whose birth name was Araminta Ross, is commonly known as an emancipator who led hundreds of slaves to freedom along the underground railroad. She also was a staunch supporter of women’s suffrage, giving speeches about her experiences as a woman slave at various anti-slavery conventions, out of which the voting rights movement emerged.
Coralie Franklin Cook (1861-1942)
Cook founded the National Association of Colored Women and was known as a committed suffragist. In 1915, she published “Votes for Mothers” in the NAACP magazine The Crisis discussing the challenges of being a mother and why women need the vote.
Angelina Welde Grimke (1880-1958)
A well-known feminist in the District of Columbia, Grimke was a journalist, playwright, poet, lesbian, suffragist and teacher. Grimke wrote for several journals such as Margaret Sanger’s Birth Control Review. Educated at Wellesley College, Grimke’s literary works exposed her ideas about the pain and violence in black women’s lives, and her rejection of the double standards imposed on women.
Charlotta (Lottie) Rollin (1849-unknown)
After the Civil War, the woman suffrage movement split into two separate organizations: the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) —a more radical group and the more mainstream American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). Rollin joined the AWSA. During Reconstruction, Rollin became active in South Carolina politics working for congressman Robert Brown Elliott. Rollin spoke on the floor of the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1869 in support of universal suffrage. By 1870, Rollin chaired the founding meeting of the South Carolina Woman’s Rights Association and was elected secretary. Several of Rollin’s family members — sisters Frances, Kate and Louisa also were active in promoting women’s suffrage at both the state and national levels.
Mary Ann Shad Cary (1823-1893)
Cary was perhaps the first black suffragist to form a suffrage association. During the 1850s, she was a leader and spokesperson among the African American refugees who fled to Canada after passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850. In 1853, she founded the Provincial Freeman, a newspaper dedicated to the interests of Blacks in Canada. Cary spoke at the 1878 convention of the NWSA applying the principles of the 14th and 15th Amendments to women and men. She called for an amendment to strike the word “male” from the Constitution. In 1871, Cary unsuccessfully tried to vote in Washington, but she and 63 other women prevailed upon officials to sign affidavits attesting that women had tried to vote. In 1880, she organized the Colored Women’s Progressive Franchise Association, which promoted suffrage and educated people on finance and politics.
Gertrude Bustill Mossell (1855–1948)
A journalist, Mossell, wrote a women’s column in T. Thomas Fortune’s newspaper, The New York Freeman. Her first article, “Woman Suffrage” published in 1885, encouraged women to read suffrage history and articles on women’s rights.
Ida B. Wells (1862-1931)
Wells, who worked with white suffragists in Illinois, founded the Alpha Suffrage Club, the first suffrage group for black women. They canvassed neighborhoods and educated people on causes and candidates helping to elect Chicago’s first black alderman. In 1913, Wells and some white activists from the Illinois delegation traveled to Washington to participate in the historic suffrage parade where women gathered to call for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote. Black suffragists were initially rejected from the event. Wells and other suffragists including white suffragists like Stanton wrote letters asking the parade to allow black women to participate. Event leaders acquiesced, requiring black suffragists to march in the back of the parade to assuage the feelings of white women in the movement who did not want them there. Despite the conditions, black suffragists participated. However, Wells refused to march at the back.
Mary Church Terrell (1863-1954)
In 1896, Terrell and fellow activists founded the National Association of Colored Women and Terrell served as the association’s first president. After the passage of the 19th Amendment, Terrell turned her attention to civil rights.
Anna Julia Cooper (1858-1964)
Anna Julia Cooper was a prominent African American scholar and a strong supporter of suffrage through her teaching, writings and speeches. Cooper worked to convince black women that they required the ballot to counter the belief that ‘black men’s’ experiences and needs were the same as theirs.
Rosa Parks (1913-2005)
Known as the “Mother of the Civil Rights Movement,” because of her role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Parks continued to work for civil rights which included voting rights. Parks served as an aide to Congressman John Conyers and used her platform to discuss many issues, including voting rights.
Charlotte Vandine Forten (1785 –1884)
An abolitionist and suffragist, Forten came to Washington in the late 1870’s with her husband, James Forten, a wealthy sail maker and abolitionist. She was a founder and member of the interracial Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society, many of whose members became active in the women’s rights movement.
Harriet Forten Purvis (1810 – 1875)
Daughter of wealthy sailmaker and abolitionist reformer James Forten and Charlotte Forten, Forten Purvis and her sisters were founding members of the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society, and members of the American Equal Rights Association, where Harriet served as a member of the executive committee. Affluent and educated, the sisters helped lay the groundwork for the first National Woman’s Rights Convention in October 1854 and helped organize the Philadelphia Suffrage Association in 1866.
Margaretta Forten (1806 -1875)
Forten was an educator and abolitionist. She and her mother, Charlotte Forten and her sister, Harriet, were founders and members of the interracial Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.
Harriet “Hattie” Purvis (1810-1875)
A niece of the Forten family of reformers, Purvis was active in the Pennsylvania Woman Suffrage Association and a member of their executive committee. Between 1883 and 1900, she served as a delegate to the National Woman Suffrage Association. She also served as Superintendent of Work among Colored People for the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, championing reforms.
Sarah Remond (1826-1887)
Remond was an antislavery lecturer and physician. The Remonds were a noted abolitionist family, well known in antislavery circles and, as a child, Sarah had attended abolitionist meetings. She was an activist in the Salem and Massachusetts Antislavery Societies, and a member of the American Equal Rights Association, where she served as a guest lecturer, and toured the Northeast campaigning for universal suffrage. Discouraged by the split in the women’s suffrage movement after the Civil War, she left the United States, becoming an expatriate in Florence, Italy, in 1866, where she studied medicine.
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911)
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper was an early abolitionist and women’s suffrage leader. She was one of the few African American women present at conferences and meetings about these issues between 1854 and 1890. She also wrote protest poetry that referenced which included musings about voting rights.
Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin (1842 –1924)
Ruffin was a Massachusetts journalist and noted abolitionist before the Civil War. She joined the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association in 1875 and was affiliated with the American Woman Suffrage Association. She was a black woman’s club leader in Massachusetts and the wife of George L. Ruffin, one of the woman’s suffrage representatives from Boston in the state legislature. She challenged the opposition to woman’s suffrage in Boston, writing an editorial co-authored with her daughter, Florida Ridley.
Nannie Helen Burroughs (1879-1961)
Burroughs, an educator, church leader and suffrage supporter, devoted her life to empowering black women. She helped establish the National Association of Colored Women in 1896 and founded the National Training School for Women and Girls in 1909.
Ella Baker (1903-1986)
Civil rights activist and freedom fighter, Ella Baker played a key role in some of the most influential organizations of the time, including the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. In 1964, SNCC helped create Freedom Summer, an effort to both focus national attention on Mississippi’s racism and to register black voters. Baker and many of her contemporaries believed that voting was one key to freedom.
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BN E9Am 9923
Burlington Northern Railroad E9Am 9923 and 9911 at the former CB&Q 14th Street Coach Yard in Chicago, Illinois on July 6, 1984, Kodachrome by Chuck Zeiler.
Number 9923 was built August 1954 ( c/n 19632 ) as CB&Q E9 9993. It became BN 9993 on March 2, 1970 and was sold to the West Suburban Mass Transit District ( WSMTD ) on August 18, 1972 and leased back to the BN. During July 1973, it was rebuilt by Morrison Knudsen ( MK ), returning as 9923, and continued in suburban service until retired in July 1992 and it appears it is now the property of the CN.
Number 9911 was built December 1955 ( c/n 20536 ) as CB&Q E9 9986B. It became BN 9981 on March 2, 1970, was sold to the WSMTD on August 18, 1972, rebuilt by MK September 1973 as 9911, was retired July 1992. I have not found any info about its final disposition.
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The courageous Dred Scott
Who Was Dred Scott?
Dred Scott was born into slavery sometime in 1795. He made history by launching a legal battle to gain his freedom. After his first owner died, Scott spent time in two free states working for several subsequent owners. Shortly after he married, he tried to buy freedom for himself and his family but failed, so he took his case to the Missouri courts, where he won only to have the decision overturned at the Supreme Court level, an event so controversial it was a harbinger for Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and inevitably of the Civil War. Scott died in 1858.
Early Life
Scott was born sometime around the turn of the century, often fixed at 1795, in Southampton County, Virginia. Legend has it that his name was Sam, but when his elder brother died, he adopted his name instead. His parents were slaves, but it is uncertain whether the Blow family owned them at his birth or thereafter. Peter Blow and his family relocated first to Huntsville, Alabama, and then to St. Louis Missouri. After Peter Blow's death, in the early 1830s, Scott was sold to a U.S. Army doctor, John Emerson.
In 1836, Scott fell in love with a slave of another army doctor, 19-year-old Harriett Robinson, and her ownership was transferred over to Dr. Emerson when they were wed.
In the ensuing years, Dr. Emerson traveled to Illinois and the Wisconsin Territories, both of which prohibited slavery. When Emerson died in 1846, Scott tried to buy freedom for himself and his family from Emerson's widow, but she refused.
'Dred Scott v. Sandford' Significance
Scott made history by launching a legal battle to gain his freedom. That he had lived with Dr. Emerson in free territories become the basis for his case.
The process began in 1846: Scott lost in his initial suit in a local St. Louis district court, but he won in a second trial, only to have that decision overturned by the Missouri State Supreme Court. With support from local abolitionists, Scott filed another suit in federal court in 1854, against John Sanford, the widow Emerson's brother and executor of his estate. When that case was decided in favor of Sanford, Scott turned to the U.S. Supreme Court.
In December 1856, Abraham Lincoln delivered a speech, foreshadowing the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, examining the constitutional implications of the Dred Scott Case.
Roger B. Taney
On March 6, 1857, the Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford was issued, 11 long years after the initial suits. Seven of the nine judges agreed with the outcome delivered by Chief Justice Roger Taney, who announced that slaves were not citizens of the United States and therefore had no rights to sue in Federal courts: "... They had no rights which the white man was bound to respect."
The decision also declared that the Missouri Compromise (which had allowed Scott to sample freedom in Illinois and Wisconsin) was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery.
The Dred Scott decision sparked outrage in the northern states and glee in the South — the growing schism made Civil War inevitable.
Too controversial to retain the Scotts as slaves after the trial, Mrs. Emerson remarried and returned Dred Scott and his family to the Blows who granted them their freedom in May 1857. That same month, Frederick Douglass delivered a speech discussing the Dred Scott decision on the anniversary of the American Abolition Society.
Eventually, the 13th and 14th amendments to the Constitution overrode this Supreme Court ruling.
Death and Legacy
Scott and his family stayed in St. Louis after his emancipation, and he found work as a porter in a local hotel. But after only a little more than a year of true freedom, Scott died from tuberculosis on September 17, 1858.
Scott is buried in the Calvary Cemetery in St. Louis (Harriet survived him by 18 years and is buried in Hillsdale, Missouri). Putting pennies (displaying the face of President Lincoln) on Scott's headstone has become a local tradition over the decades. The commemorative marker next to the headstone reads: "In Memory Of A Simple Man Who Wanted To Be Free."
In 1997, Scott and his wife Harriet were admitted to the St. Louis Walk of Fame. (source)
Imagine having people put coins with a racist Man on your headstone after you died trying to get free as a Black Man.
“Lincoln the politician did not recognize blacks as his social or political equals and, during his years as a lawyer and office seeker living in Illinois, his opinion on this did not change.” (source)
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The names of the 106 House Republicans who are trying to overturn the election results
What was it called the last time they tried to commit treason like this? A confederacy? I guess that’s why they kept all those flags.
Remember their names. Spread this post. Make sure they never hold office again.
Here are their names:
Rep. Mike Johnson of Louisiana’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Gary Palmer of Alabama’s 6th Congressional District
Rep. Steve Scalise of Louisiana’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Ralph Abraham of Louisiana’s 5th Congressional District
Rep. Rick W. Allen of Georgia’s 12th Congressional District
Rep. James R. Baird of Indiana’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Jim Banks of Indiana’s 3rd Congressional District
Rep. Jack Bergman of Michigan’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Andy Biggs of Arizona’s 5th Congressional District
Rep. Gus Bilirakis of Florida’s 12th Congressional District
Rep. Dan Bishop of North Carolina’s 9th Congressional District
Rep. Mike Bost of Illinois’s 12th Congressional District
Rep. Kevin Brady of Texas’s 8th Congressional District
Rep. Mo Brooks of Alabama’s 5th Congressional District
Rep. Ken Buck of Colorado’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Ted Budd of North Carolina’s 13th Congressional District
Rep. Tim Burchett of Tennessee’s 2nd Congressional District
Rep. Michael C. Burgess of Texas’s 26th Congressional District
Rep. Bradley Byrne of Alabama’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Ken Calvert of California’s 42nd Congressional District
Rep. Earl L. “Buddy” Carter of Georgia’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Ben Cline of Virginia’s 6th Congressional District
Rep. Michael Cloud of Texas’s 27th Congressional District
Rep. Mike Conaway of Texas’s 11th Congressional District
Rep. Rick Crawford of Arkansas’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Dan Crenshaw of Texas’s 2nd Congressional District
Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart of Florida’s 25th Congressional District
Rep. Jeff Duncan of South Carolina’s 3rd Congressional District
Rep. Neal P. Dunn of Florida’s 2nd Congressional District
Rep. Tom Emmer of Minnesota’s 6th Congressional District
Rep. Ron Estes of Kansas’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Drew Ferguson of Georgia’s 3rd Congressional District
Rep. Chuck Fleischmann of Tennessee's 3rd Congressional District
Rep. Bill Flores of Texas’s 17th Congressional District
Rep. Jeff Fortenberry of Nebraska’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Virginia Foxx of North Carolina’s 5th Congressional District
Rep. Russ Fulcher of Idaho’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Matt Gaetz of Florida’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Greg Gianforte of Montana’s at-large congressional district
Rep. Bob Gibbs of Ohio’s 7th Congressional District
Rep. Louie Gohmert of Texas’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Lance Gooden of Texas’s 5th Congressional District
Rep. Sam Graves of Missouri’s 6th Congressional District
Rep. Mark Green of Tennessee’s 7th Congressional District
Rep. Michael Guest of Mississippi’s 3rd Congressional District
Rep. Andy Harris of Maryland’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Vicky Hartzler of Missouri’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Kevin Hern of Oklahoma’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Clay Higgins of Louisiana’s 3rd Congressional District
Rep. Trey Hollingsworth of Indiana’s 9th Congressional District
Rep. Richard Hudson of North Carolina’s 8th Congressional District
Rep. Bill Huizenga of Michigan’s 2nd Congressional District
Rep. Bill Johnson of Ohio’s 6th Congressional District
Rep. John Joyce of Pennsylvania’s 13th Congressional District
Rep. Fred Keller of Pennsylvania’s 12th Congressional District
Rep. Mike Kelly of Pennsylvania’s 16th Congressional District
Rep. Trent Kelly of Mississippi’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Steve King of Iowa’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. David Kustoff of Tennessee’s 8th Congressional District
Rep. Darin LaHood of Illinois’s 18th Congressional District
Rep. Doug LaMalfa of California’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Doug Lamborn of Colorado’s 5th Congressional District
Rep. Robert E. Latta of Ohio’s 5th Congressional District
Rep. Debbie Lesko of Arizona’s 8th Congressional District
Rep. Blaine Luetkemeyer of Missouri’s 3rd Congressional District
Rep. Kenny Marchant of Texas’s 24th Congressional District
Rep. Roger Marshall of Kansas’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Tom McClintock of California’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers of Washington’s 5th Congressional District
Rep. Dan Meuser of Pennsylvania’s 9th Congressional District
Rep. Carol D. Miller of West Virginia’s 3rd Congressional District
Rep. John Moolenaar of Michigan’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Alex X. Mooney of West Virginia’s 2nd Congressional District
Rep. Markwayne Mullin of Oklahoma’s 2nd Congressional District
Rep. Gregory Murphy of North Carolina’s 3rd Congressional District
Rep. Dan Newhouse of Washington’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Ralph Norman of South Carolina’s 5th Congressional District
Rep. Scott Perry of Pennsylvania’s 10th Congressional District
Rep. Guy Reschenthaler of Pennsylvania’s 14th Congressional District
Rep. Tom Rice of South Carolina’s 7th Congressional District
Rep. John Rose of Tennessee’s 6th Congressional District
Rep. David Rouzer of North Carolina’s 7th Congressional District
Rep. John Rutherford of Florida’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Austin Scott of Georgia’s 8th Congressional District
Rep. Mike Simpson of Idaho’s 2nd Congressional District
Rep. Adrian Smith of Nebraska’s 3rd Congressional District
Rep. Jason Smith of Missouri’s 8th Congressional District
Rep. Ross Spano of Florida’s 15th Congressional District
Rep. Elise Stefanik of New York’s 21st Congressional District
Rep. Glenn Thompson of Pennsylvania’s 15th Congressional District
Rep. Tom Tiffany of Wisconsin’s 7th Congressional District
Rep. William Timmons of South Carolina’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Ann Wagner of Missouri’s 2nd Congressional District
Rep. Tim Walberg of Michigan’s 7th Congressional District
Rep. Michael Waltz of Florida’s 6th Congressional District
Rep. Randy Weber of Texas’s 14th Congressional District
Rep. Daniel Webster of Florida’s 11th Congressional District
Rep. Brad Wenstrup of Ohio’s 2nd Congressional District
Rep. Bruce Westerman of Arkansas’s 4th Congressional District
Rep. Roger Williams of Texas’s 25th Congressional District
Rep. Joe Wilson of South Carolina’s 2nd Congressional District
Rep. Rob Wittman of Virginia’s 1st Congressional District
Rep. Ron Wright of Texas’s 6th Congressional District
Rep. Ted S. Yoho of Florida’s 3rd Congressional District
Rep. Lee Zeldin of New York’s 1st Congressional District
Source: (x)
#republicans#house republicans#elections#vote out all republicans#democracy#congress#treason#2020 election#2020 election results#confederate#confederate flags#government#us government#us politics#us representative#gop#donald trump#bidenharris2020#joe biden#kamala harris#2021 administration#2021#bidenharris2021
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Be like Supergirl and Mon-El and vote!
The following upcoming primaries are as follows. Note, you can check here to see if a primary is open or closed. If closed, that means you must be a registered Democrat to vote in it.
March 10th - Idaho, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, Washington,
March 14th - Northern Marianas
Marth 17th - Arizona, Florida, Illinois, Ohio
March 24th - Georgia
March 29th - Puerto Rico
April 4th - Alaska, Hawaii, Louisiana, Wyoming
April 7th - Wisconsin
April 28th - Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island
May 2nd - Guam, Kansas
May 5th - Indiana
May 12th - Nebraska, West Virginia
May 19th - Kentucky, Oregon
June 2nd - District of Columbia, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, South Dakota, Virgin Islands
You can check to see if you are registered and where you are supposed to vote here. Note that in some places, you can mail in a ballot prior to the primary. Can't get a ride to poll? Go here to get a free ride
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WU Reviews: Knock Down the House & Surge reviewed by Shloka Ananthanarayanan ‘08 (@shlokes)
This review originally appeared on Shloka’s blog, Pop Culture Scribe.
It’s October and people in many US states have already started voting, either in person or via mail-in ballots. I received my mail-in ballot last week but will be heading to my in-person early voting center on October 24th because I need the thrill of voting via a machine to feel like I gave this my all. If you are an American voter, make a plan and ensure you vote this year. And if you need a reminder of how important elections can be, I give you two wonderful documentaries that highlight all of the work that goes into political campaigning, all of the unnecessary horror of voter suppression, and what it looks like when truly deserving political candidates fight for the chance to represent their fellow citizens in a democracy.
Directed by Rachel Lears, Knock Down the House tells the story of four female Democrats in different parts of the country who ran for election in 2018. These women were not career politicians, but were all inspired to run following the 2016 election, where the shock of not seeing the first woman President get elected quickly gave way to sweeping anger and resolve to go into office themselves. The most famous candidate in the documentary is Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. She serves as the star of this film and gets more screentime than any other candidate, which is a bit unfortunate as I thought the other ladies were rather brilliant too. But in Ocasio-Cortez's case, what's intriguing is that she isn't a Democrat looking to flip her district - instead she is a progressive looking to upset the establishment Democrat, a complacent white man who can't even be bothered to show up to a debate and thinks that the voters in his district will just vote for him out of name recognition and sheer misinformed laziness. But with her grassroots campaign, Ocasio-Cortez convinces the people of New York's 14th Congressional District to vote with their best interests at heart, and thank goodness, they did. In the two years since she was elected to office, we've seen how great it can be when someone who actually gives a damn about the world and her constituents comes to Washington.
The other women featured in this documentary are Amy Vilela from Nevada, Cori Bush from Missouri, and Paula Jean Swearengin from West Virginia. They are all incredible women who are running to protect their people from greedy self-serving Republican interests. None of them won their primaries in 2018, but Swearengin and Bush both won in 2020 and I will be eagerly following their races this November to see if they flip their districts/states blue (Swearengin, in particular, is a fascinating woman who bucks the stereotype that West Wirginia coal miners can only be Republicans, and she is running for Senate, which would be such a coup for the country). All three women have incredible stories of why they chose to run in the first place and serve as a great reminder that politicians do not all have to be corrupt, amoral snakes. Sometimes, they can be women who want to protect their communities and serve their country proudly. Also, Netflix put this movie out for free on YouTube, so really, you have absolutely no excuse not to watch it.
Directed by Hannah Rosenzweig and Wendy Sachs, Surge tells a nearly identical story of three women running for Congress in the 2018 midterm elections. Like the women of Knock Down the House, they were all "activated" following the 2016 election and are determined to make a difference. This movie does a better job of giving each woman equal time to tell her story and following her campaign, and it also showcases some of the challenges they face on elections days with poor infrastructure that seems designed to discourage voting. There's also an incisive look at how the Democrats' Primary Machine works and how candidates depend so much on the support of the Party for monetary and logistical support that could give them a boost and much-needed name recognition during their races.
The film follow Lauren Underwood in Illinois, Jana Lynne Sanchez in Texas, and Liz Watson in Indiana. Again, these three women have different levels of political savvy, and different reasons for why they are running, but they are all united in their passion and commitment to the people of their districts. All three women win their Democratic primaries, but then we get to see how difficult it is to actually flip a district in the General Election when they are up against moneyed Republican interests. Millionaires and lobbyists (and racists and misogynists) aren't going to let these women win without a fight. Devastatingly, in Indiana, Liz Watson's grassroots campaign generates high voter turnout, but the Election Office in one county runs out of ballots as they never expected so many voters. Which causes a delay and results in her losing a lot of people who might have voted for her in the first place. While Underwood and Watson get Party support and have people like Obama, Biden, and Sanders show up to their rallies to get out the vote, Jana Lynne Sanchez's district in Texas is deemed too impossible, so the Party doesn't help her out. She ultimately loses the election, but because of her efforts, Democrats discovered it was actually winnable, and they will be investing in the candidate who runs there in 2020.
Politics is a complicated and dirty business, but what these two documentaries (that were directed and edited and shot and produced by women, FYI) reveal is that there are still idealistic and determined people that we can get behind. More specifically, idealistic, determined women, who face an uphill battle because women simply aren't treated fairly in the political arena. It was thrilling to see how excited they were to see other women running for office and formed a supportive clique to cheer each other on regardless of whether they won or lost their own elections. That's the kind of energy we need in today's toxic political climate. In addition, these women aren't taking corporate PAC money and they have a slog ahead of them, but they are fighting for the right to represent us fairly and decently, and they deserve our attention.
So before you vote this year, and in every election following, pay some attention to the people on your ballot. See if there's a new candidate who is more deserving of your vote than the establishment candidate you've been voting for all your life but who has never actually pushed any policies that you want. In Surge, someone talks about how party affiliation has become like a religion - you'll vote for the person from your Party even if they're ripping you off. Let's stop doing that and only vote in the people who actually want a better life for us and our families, instead of pocketing millions from corporate interests. Read up on what these candidates stand for and don't just vote for someone because they have a (D) or an (R) after their name, but because they actually represent the values that matter to you. Get out there and vote, America. We're all counting on you.
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Oscar Stanton De Priest
Oscar Stanton De Priest (March 9, 1871 – May 12, 1951) was an American politician and civil rights advocate from Chicago. A member of the Illinois Republican Party he was the first African American to be elected to Congress in the 20th century. During his three terms, he was the only African American serving in Congress. He served as a U.S. Representative from Illinois' 1st congressional district from 1929 to 1935. De Priest was also the first African-American U.S. Representative from outside the southern states and the first since the exit of North Carolina representative George Henry White from Congress in 1901.
Born in Alabama to freedmen parents, De Priest was raised in Dayton, Ohio. He studied business and made a fortune in Chicago as a contractor, and in real estate and the stock market before the Crash. A successful local politician, he was elected to the Chicago City Council in 1914, the first African American to hold that office.
In Congress in the early 1930s, he spoke out against racial discrimination, including at speaking events in the South; tried to integrate the House public restaurant; gained passage of an amendment to desegregate the Civilian Conservation Corps, one of the work programs under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal; and introduced anti-lynching legislation to the House (it was not passed because of the Solid South Democratic opposition). In 1934, De Priest was defeated by Arthur W. Mitchell, the first African American to be elected as a Democrat to Congress. De Priest returned to Chicago and his successful business ventures, eventually returning to politics, when he was again elected Chicago alderman in the 1940s.
Early life
De Priest was born in 1871 in Florence, Alabama, to freedmen, former slaves of mixed race. He had a brother named Robert. His mother, Martha Karsner, worked part-time as a laundress, and his father Neander was a teamster, associated with the "Exodus" movement. After the Civil War, thousands of blacks left continued oppression by whites in the South by moving to other states that offered promises of freedom and greater economic opportunities, such as Kansas. Others moved later in the century.
In 1878, the year after Reconstruction had ended and federal troops been withdrawn from the region, the De Priests left Alabama for Dayton, Ohio. Violence had increased in Alabama as whites had tried to restore white supremacy: the elder De Priest had to save his friend, former U.S. Representative James T. Rapier, from a lynch mob, and a black man was killed on their doorstep. The boy Oscar attended local schools in Dayton.
Career
Business
De Priest went to Salina, Kansas, to study bookkeeping at the Salina Normal School, established also for the training of teachers. In 1889 he moved to Chicago, Illinois, which had been booming as an industrial city. He worked first as an apprentice plasterer, house painter, and decorator. He became a successful contractor and real estate broker. He built a fortune in the stock market and in real estate by helping black families move into formerly all-white neighborhoods, often ones formerly occupied by ethnic white immigrants and their descendants. There was population succession in many neighborhoods under the pressure of new migrants.
Politics
From 1904 to 1908, De Priest was a member of the board of commissioners of Cook County, Illinois.
De Priest was elected in 1914 to the Chicago City Council, serving from 1915 to 1917 as alderman from the 2nd Ward, on the South Side. He was Chicago's first black alderman. In 1917 De Priest was indicted for alleged graft and resigned from the City Council. He hired nationally known Clarence Darrow as his defense attorney and was acquitted. He was succeeded in office by Louis B. Anderson.
In 1919, De Priest ran unsuccessfully for alderman as a member of the People's Movement Club, a political organization he founded. In a few years, De Priest's black political organization became the most powerful of many in Chicago, and he became the top black politician under Chicago Republican mayor William Hale Thompson.
In 1928, when Republican congressman Martin B. Madden died, Mayor Thompson selected De Priest to replace him on the ballot. He was the first African American elected to Congress outside the South and the first to be elected in the 20th century. He represented the 1st Congressional District of Illinois (which included The Loop and part of the South Side of Chicago) as a Republican. During the 1930 election, De Priest was challenged in the primary by noted African-American spokesperson, orator, and Republican Roscoe Conkling Simmons. De Priest defeated Simmon's primary challenge and won the general election afterward. During De Priest's three consecutive terms (1929–1935), he was the only black representative in Congress. He introduced several anti-discrimination bills during these years of the Great Depression.
DePriest's 1933 amendment barring discrimination in the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), a program of the New Deal to employ people across the country in building infrastructure, was passed by the Senate and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. His anti-lynching bill failed due to opposition by the white conservative Democrats of the Solid South, although it would not have made lynching a federal crime. (Previous anti-lynching bills had also failed to pass the Senate, which was dominated by the South since its disenfranchisement of blacks at the turn of the century.) A third proposal, a bill to permit a transfer of jurisdiction if a defendant believed he or she could not get a fair trial because of race or religion, was passed by a later Congress.
Civil rights activists criticized De Priest for opposing federal aid to the poor. Nevertheless, they applauded him for making public speeches in the South despite death threats. They also praised De Priest for telling an Alabama senator he was not big enough to prevent him from dining in the private Senate restaurant. (Some Congressmen ate in the Senate restaurant to avoid De Priest, who usually ate in the Members Dining Room designated for Congressmen.) The public areas of the House and Senate restaurants were segregated. The House accepted that De Priest sometimes brought black staff or visitors to the Members Dining Room, but objected when he entertained mixed groups there.
De Priest defended the right of students of Howard University, a historically black college in Washington, D.C., to eat in the public section of the House restaurant and not be restricted to a section in the basement near the kitchen, used mostly by black employees and visitors. He took this issue of discrimination against the students (and other black visitors) to a special bipartisan House committee. In a three-month-long heated debate, the Republican political minority argued that the restaurant's discriminatory practice violated 14th Amendment rights to equal access. The Democratic majority skirted the issue by claiming that the restaurant was a private facility and not open to the public. The House restaurant remained segregated through much of the 1940s and maybe as late as 1952.
In 1929, De Priest made national news when First Lady Lou Hoover invited his wife, Jessie De Priest, to a traditional tea for congressional wives at the White House.
De Priest appointed Benjamin O. Davis Jr. to the United States Military Academy at a time when the only African-American line officer in the Army was Davis's father.
By the early 1930s, De Priest's popularity waned because he continued to oppose higher taxes on the rich and fought Depression-era federal relief programs under President Roosevelt. De Priest was defeated in 1934 by Democrat Arthur W. Mitchell, who was also African American. After returning to his businesses and political life in Chicago, De Priest was elected again to the Chicago City Council in 1943 as alderman of the 3rd Ward, serving until 1947. He died in Chicago at 80 and is buried in Graceland Cemetery.
Personal life
Oscar married the former Jessie L. Williams (c. 1873 – March 31, 1961). They had two sons together: Laurence W. (c. 1900 – July 28, 1916), who died at the age of 16 and Oscar Stanton De Priest, Jr. (May 24, 1906 – November 8, 1983) A great-grandson of Oscar De Priest, Jr., Philip R. DePriest, became the administrator of his estate after his grandmother's death in 1992. This included his great-grandfather's Oscar Stanton De Priest House, now a National Historic Landmark, which still held his locked political office. This had not been touched since about 1951. This great-grandson has been working to restore the office and house, and assessing the political archives—"a veritable treasure trove."
Legacy and honors
The Oscar Stanton De Priest House in Chicago, at 45th and King Drive, has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and city landmark.
See also
List of African American firsts
List of African-American United States Representatives
Oscar Stanton De Priest House
Jessie De Priest
References
Bibliography
Day, S. Davis. "Herbert Hoover and Racial Politics: The De Priest Incident". Journal of Negro History 65 (Winter 1980): 6-17
Nordhaus-Bike, Anne. "Oscar DePriest lived Pisces's call to service, unity." Gazette, March 7, 2008.
Olasky, Martin. "History turned right side up". WORLD magazine. 13 February 2010. p. 22.
Rudwick, Elliott M. "Oscar De Priest and the Jim Crow Restaurant in the U.S. House of Representatives". Journal of Negro Education 35 (Winter 1966): 77–82.
External links
United States Congress. "Oscar Stanton De Priest (id: D000263)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Search for National Historic Landmark: Oscar De Priest House, National Park Service
“DE PRIEST, Oscar Stanton”, History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives
Shelley Stokes-Hammond, Biographical sketch: "Pathbreakers: Oscar Stanton DePriest and Jessie L. Williams DePriest", The White House Historical Association
"The DePriest Family Legacy", Video Interview/YouTube, White House Historical Association
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