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Serum Biochemistry and Histological Studies in Growing Rabbits Fed Diets Supplemented with Mucuna pruriens Leaf Meal
Aims: To study the antitoxin biochemistry, hepatic and renal histology of animals fed diets reinforced with Mucuna leaf meal.Study Design: Completely Randomised Design.Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was transported for 12 weeks at Agricultural Technology Department Teaching and Research Farm, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty, 35-day traditional crossbreed (Chinchilla x New-Zealand) weaner animals (equal sexes; average weight 694±5 g) were carelessly allotted to 4 exploratory diets (30 rabbits/treatment; 3 animals/replicate).Methodology: A basic diet was formulated to meet the pertaining to food requirement of the animal. The basal diet was divided into 4 equal portions and named diets 1, 2, 3 and 4. Diets 1 to 4 were supplemented accompanying 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2% Mucuna leaf meal (MLM), individually. On day 119 of age, ancestry samples were collected from 10 animals/experimental group for serum biochemical indications determination. On the unchanging day, the animal was selected each replicate and gone. The liver and kidney were surgically removed for histological studies.Results: The total protein, creatinine, and bilirubin level of the animals were not affected (P>0.05) by MLM supplementation. The antitoxin cholesterol levels of the rabbits weakened (P<0.05) at 0.8% and 1.2% MLM supplementation (Diets 3 and 4). The aspartate aminotransferase concentration in animals fed 1.2% MLM supplemented diets considerably (P<0.05) increased distinguished to those fed 0% MLM reinforced the diet. The liver of rabbits augment MLM supplemented diets shows few remarkable histological alterations which change from hepatitis, interstitial oedema (0.4% MLM supplemented diet), doorway triad accompanying congested ancestry vessels, temperate periportal inflammation (0.8 MLM supplemented diet), and blocked blood bowls of hepatic parenchyma and portal traid (1.2% MLM improved diets). Conclusion: Dietary MLM supplementation at 0.8% and 1.2% levels reduced the antitoxin cholesterol concentration of the animals. However, dietary MLM supplementation at 1.2% level for the duration of 12 weeks led to some apparent histological alteration in the liver of the animals.
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The Use of Model to Determine Ecological Variables Responsible for Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Derived Savanna Soils of Southwestern Nigeria
The objective concerning this study is to decide the influence of ecological variables on the stock of element using a stepwise regression model. The study was completed activity at Itapaji, a farming society in the derived grassland zone in Ekiti North Senatorial District. Soil samples were composed from the identified skylines, and the profiles were described following the standard arrangement. Data obtained were analysed utilizing stepwise multiple reversion analysis accompanying the aid of SPSS 17. 0. A model that identifies the meaningful ecological variables that interpreted increased variability in the SOC seclusion of the study area was grown The model results are expected expected a guide for predicting SOC depository in different soil types accompanying similar land types, agro-ecological environments, and vegetation types. It is urged that management practices in the way that cover crop, residue memory, zero farming, appropriate use of fertiliser, long fallow period, reserved bush blazing, and appropriate management method suitable for the various topographic land type will enhance SOC seclusion in the study area.
#Itapaji#ecological variables#topographical land type#SOC#stepwise regression#upper slope#middle slope#valley bottom.
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Modeling and Comparative Analysis of PV Module with Improved Perturbation & Observation Based MPPT Technique for PV Applications
Power-Voltage (P-V) traits of PV module are non-undeviating but it has a unique maximum power point. Maximum capacity point tracking (MPPT) methods are used to maximise or to increase the output capacity of photovoltaic system beyond any doubt. These techniques give maximum harvest power, regardless of the irradiation condition, hotness and electrical characteristics of loads. For the purpose of pursuing the maximum power, MPPT methods use some photoelectric converters. In this paper, an improved perturbation and note (P&O) technique has existed modeled and fake in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed method is a modification of conventional P&O arrangement. In the conventional P&O method, the perturbations of the module operating point present with a fixed size.
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Allocative Efficiency in Okra (Abelmoschus spp) Production in Ayamelum Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria
Okro is a very main vegetable product and is cultivated by limited scale farmers in the South East and South West of Nigeria. Poor yield has typified its result in recent times and this is evidenced by want that typifies the okra farmers. Studies ascribed this scenario to weak resource use for one okra farmers. It is this question that this study tends to address. 120 growers were selected from the study district using multi stage random examination technique. Data secondhand were generated through organized questionnaire and interview schedule from the respondents. Net farm revenue analysis and common least squares reversion method were used to analyse the goals of the study. Result shows that okra production in the study region was profitable accompanying positive net farm revenue of ₦482,100. Result of the resource effectiveness showed that peasants did not achieve best allocative efficiency in the use of the one the resources to a degree fertilizer, children, and pesticides. The result of the elasticity of result revealed that the producers were operating at increasing returns to scale. The study urged on the need for policy alternatives that would enable ranchers to employ more of the money that were underutilized, while for over utilized resources, producers should use less of the reserve in their productions in consideration of achieve larger productivity.
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Application of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in Erosion Risk Mapping: Case Study of Oluyole Catchment Area, Ibadan, Nigeria
Soil deterioration is one of the main unresolved questions of rural farming. The causes of soil erosion in the study area are severe precipitation, continuous drought, cultivation activities, clear-cutting and indiscriminate shrub burning that reveal soil to impact of rain drop. This study is aimed at applying Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) in deterioration risk mapping in Oluyole Catchment Area. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods were used to map out the deterioration risk areas. Google Earth and LANDSAT ETM+ were used to get the satellite imageries of Oluyole area for water draining. Using high judgment imageries, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was developed with Surfer 8 and ArcGIS 10.0 to recognize erosion risk fields. The Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN), flow length, flow growth and slope maps of the study area were produce with the use of Digital Elevation Model. The slope, flow growth and flow length maps were linked with land use map to produce deterioration risk map accompanying the use of map arithmetic in ArcGIS 10.0 software. The deterioration risk map granted that the high, medium and depressed erosion risk areas closed 165 (26%), 269 (43%) and 195 km2 (31%) respectively while the land use plan revealed that the extents occupied by plants, settlement and assorted are 221 (35%), 124 (20%) and 284 km2 (45%). Also, the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) indicated that the districts of high elevation are reduced in vulnerability to deterioration, areas of medium advancement are moderately exposed to erosion in addition to areas of depressed elevation are highly accessible to erosion respectively. The results indicated that the secondhand of remotely anticipated data and GIS determine an effective approach to evolve accurate in erosion risk plan with a minimum amount momentary, effort, and cost. This approach forges easily read and approachable charts and maps that facilitate the labeling of erosion risk extents and also maybe used effectively honestly enlightenment, trouble response preparation and erosion risk administration.
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Traveling Waves with Critical Speed in a Delayed Diffusive Epidemic Model
This paper analyzes the causal connection between unrefined petroleum prices, Naira/US Dollar exchange rate and Agricultural possession price return volatility in Nigeria utilizing time succession econometric models. The study utilizes weekly time order data on the study variables from January 2006 to April 2017 and engages the popular Augmented Dickey-Fuller part root test and KPSS stationarity test to investigate the stationarity traits of the series. Simple uninterrupted regression model, Johansen Cointegration, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Granger Causality test established Toda-Yamamoto as well as Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model were working as methods of study. Results showed that all the study variables are integrated of order individual, I(1), crude oil prices and rate of exchange are found to have a definite, significant but material impact on Agricultural merchandise prices and there is a long-run fixed relationship existent among the study variables. Crude oil prices and rate of exchange are also raise to Granger caused Agricultural possession prices in Nigeria and exchange rate is erect to be Granger-created by crude oil prices. The results of the supposed GARCH (1,1) models showed that the dependent variances of Agricultural commodity prices and rate of exchange log returns are resistant with evaporation half-lives of 1 month and 7 months individually. While the conditional difference of crude oil prices record return series is doubtful and explodes to infinity displaying that future crude oil prices cannot be thought from the past and current prices. The study determines some procedure recommendations.
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The Relationship between Crude Oil Prices, Exchange Rate and Agricultural Commodity Price Returns Volatility in Nigeria: A Time Series Approach
This paper analyzes the causal connection between unrefined petroleum prices, Naira/US Dollar exchange rate and Agricultural possession price return volatility in Nigeria utilizing time succession econometric models. The study utilizes weekly time order data on the study variables from January 2006 to April 2017 and engages the popular Augmented Dickey-Fuller part root test and KPSS stationarity test to investigate the stationarity traits of the series. Simple uninterrupted regression model, Johansen Cointegration, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Granger Causality test established Toda-Yamamoto as well as Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model were working as methods of study. Results showed that all the study variables are integrated of order individual, I(1), crude oil prices and rate of exchange are found to have a definite, significant but material impact on Agricultural merchandise prices and there is a long-run fixed relationship existent among the study variables. Crude oil prices and rate of exchange are also raise to Granger caused Agricultural possession prices in Nigeria and exchange rate is erect to be Granger-created by crude oil prices. The results of the supposed GARCH (1,1) models showed that the dependent variances of Agricultural commodity prices and rate of exchange log returns are resistant with evaporation half-lives of 1 month and 7 months individually. While the conditional difference of crude oil prices record return series is doubtful and explodes to infinity displaying that future crude oil prices cannot be thought from the past and current prices. The study determines some procedure recommendations.
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Green Sustainable Entrepreneurship Based on Blockchain Financial Practices
Today, united states of america-of-the-art research in venture capital involves the application of two together the disrupting delivered ledger technology and the creative Blockchain data construction to finance, economy and management regimens (i.e. allied finance, peer-to-peer management, digital shopping, etc.). Despite the well known acknowledgment of the importance and the role of the peer-to-peer calculating in the development of progressive financial strategies, in addition to distributed firms and decentralised associations, there have been just any attempts to apply delivered Blockchain methodology to financial practices and any of hot-wine issues have arisen in this field. The purpose concerning this article search out indicate opportunities for beneficial applications in the cultivating field of green sustainable entrepreneurship research. Hence, this item introduces, details, evaluates, and documents new sustainable Blockchain functionalities and corporate finance practices for green entrepreneurialism.
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Determinants of Dividend Policy in Nigerian Banks
The focus concerning this study was to supply research-based- evidence on the influence of certain variables on profit policy utilizing Nigerian banks. Specifically, the study examines the effects of appropriateness, firm size, influence and previous levels of dividend payout on profit policy. Using fifteen banks accompanying data period covering 2006-2013 and employing the established effects regression estimates, our results show the effect of worth on dividend procedure, we found that ROA is positive and important at 5%. The positive sign as wonted suggests that money-making firms will pay dividends. However, the possibility of an opposite relationship as noticed for ROE is also likely in two scenarios; (i) In positions where less available funds is expected in the future a firm pays less and (ii) place the firm has investment convenience. Firm size (FSIZE) is positive and important at 5%. Leverage (LEV) appeared negative and too significant in line with aprori belief. Previous period profit {DIV (-1)} is positive though not significant at 5%. The study advises that no doubt guests have corporate lures to engage in dividend declarations and since stock exchange value responds favourably. However, the study recommends further exceptionally for the benefits of potential investors that likely the widespread abuse of Dividends amongst guests it is increasingly suitable difficult to distinguish between "good" and "distressing" companies alone by depending on which is repaying dividends and therefore investors should likewise border to investigate the guest's fundamentals.
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Prevalence of Malaria among Malnutrition Under-five Children Admitted in Nutrition Centers in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State, South Sudan
Aims: The continuous conflict in South Sudan has led to the division of health care services accompanying a high burden of spreading diseases, a widespread snack insecurity and raised child malnutrition accompanying malaria being a big cause of co-morbidity among undernourished children. This study determined the prevalence of malaria with malnourished toddlers and assessed the friendship between malaria and hunger among undernourished children in an area accompanying a high degree of sickness transmission.Study Design: This was a retrospective chart review of adolescents 6 month-5years confessed at the nutrition centersPlace and Duration of Study: 49 nutrition centers in Northern Bahr el Ghazal state of South Sudan middle from two points January 2017 and December 2017.Methodology: A retrospective chart review of sociodemographic, anthropometric and sickness testing dossier extracted from the treatment cards and registers of undernourished children accepted at the nutrition centre analysed using explanatory and inferential detail of action by means of SPSS version 21. Chi square test was used to conduct bivariate study to assess the determinants associated with malaria at a meaningful level of 5%.Results: Among the 2124 malnourished kids admitted into the nutrition program, 873 (41.1%) had harsh acute hunger (SAM) and 1251(58.9%) had moderate acute hunger. The prevalence of malaria was greater among kids with moderate acute hunger with 43.2% being beneficial on testing to malaria distinguished to 36.4% among kids with severe severe malnutrition and bivariate study done showed a important association middle from two points malaria and pertaining to food status (p=0.001).Conclusion: Study highlighted the need for routine protect and testing for sickness to be included in the administration protocols for all juveniles admitted into both Outpatient Therapeutic Program and Supplementary Feeding Program as a whole Nutrition treatment centers to humiliate the impact of malaria being a major co-depression in the treatment consequence of the children.
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Do Crude Oil Prices Affect Energy Consumption in Nigeria?
This study tries the dynamic belongings of crude oil price on strength consumption in Nigeria over the period 1975-2013 utilizing the autoregressive distributed delay (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration. The results show that unrefined petroleum price is a significant long-run and not around for long determinant of energy use in the Nigerian economy. A certain and significant connection is found 'tween crude oil price and energy devouring in the economy accompanying and without the inclusion of the presence of a fundamental break point in the series. The results in general climax the need to lessen the reliance of economic exercises that generate strength demand on crude oil price through the development of tenable renewable energy arrangement in the Nigerian economy.
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Removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Spent Synthetic-Based Drilling Mud Using Organic Fertilizer
Treatment and disposition of spent (secondhand) drilling muck have become an main environmental challenge in the lubricate and gas manufacturing. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute the main contaminants in gone drilling slush. In this study, five spent artificial-based disciplining mud samples were composed from five oil fields in the Niger Delta. Samples composed on day 0 were analyzed for TPHs and PAHs. Concentrations above the permissible supervisory limits were recorded. The productiveness of urea fertilizer in the remediation of TPH-and PAH-jolted mud was examined. Six sub-samples and six control substitute-samples were tested journal for 12 weeks with 20 g, 25 g, and 30 g doses of urea manure per 20 L of spent clay for each of the five samples delineating each individual oil field (obvious A through E). Removal of TPHs and PAHs with urea manure treatment confirmed to be fast and effective. In 6 weeks, with a measure of 1.5 g/L, over 98% removal of TPHs was written, and more than 94% of PAHs, and in 12 weeks, in addition to 99.5% removal was written for both. The leftover levels of TPHs and PAHs met Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR: Nigeria) and US EPA limits for land transfer. Mathematical models with a excellence of fit (R2) of 0.999, were developed to forecast the rate of the degradation processes.
#Spent drilling mud#Niger Delta#total petroleum hydrocarbons#and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons#biodegradation#urea fertilizer#mathematical model.
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Effect of Cooking and Solar Drying on the ‘In vitro’ and ‘In vivo’ Digestibility of Okra According to the Different Stages of Maturity
Aims: The study proposed to assess the pertaining to food profile and the ‘artificial’ and ‘in vivo’ digestibility of two varieties of okra (Abelmoschus caillei and Abelmoschus esculentus), sun-drained and water-cooked, to decide the best harvest stage show the best pertaining to food and digestibility profiles.Place and Duration of Study: University of Felix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, between January and February, 2018.Methodology: Plant material was collected at four different stages of adulthood (at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after blooming) on an experimental field. Some visible parameters, ‘artificial’ and ‘in vivo’ digestibility of the both okra’s varieties were driven.Results: There was a significant increase in digestibility (artificial) until the 15th epoch of provide adulthood before falling at the 20th day for two together varieties. The two situations thus find their best digestive and digestibility levels at 15 days after adulthood. The highest new okra digestibility rates are 0. 120 mg / 100 g DM and 0.70 mg / 100 g DM respectively for the Koto’s and Tomi’s variety at 15 days of adulthood. In terms, the ‘in vivo’ digestibility results signify that okra promotes the digesting of food and mineral. This digestibility of food is better with Tomi’s type (1.35 mg / 100 g) in the dried form than Koto (0.44 mg / 100 g).Conclusion: Okra drained under the sun accompanying its extreme fibre level, could be thought-out as a dietetic food intended for fear that or to treat constipation, corpulence, hyperlipemia, diabetes, some incessant diarrhoea and tumor. Also, cooking and drying processes could be urged in accordance with the sort of okra used afterwards 15 days of maturity. Seeing allure nutritional potential, okra maybe very useful to fight against hunger.
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Empirical Analysis of Banking Sector, Stock Market and Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria
This investigate the direction of the new relationship between investment, stock market and financial growth, while controlling for appropriate variables in Nigeria for the period 1981–2014. Using principal component reasoning for the construction of the financial happening indices, Auto-turned around Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the Granger causality approach. Our results are in three folds: First, the fresh effect of stock market development on financial growth is erect to be positively important in the long-run and short-run but bank subdivision development is found expected positively minimal suggesting the weakness of monetary intermediary sector in capability mobilisation and allocation in Nigeria. Second, this study finds no origin running from economic growth to monetary development in two together at the long run and short run positions. Third, the causal effect of macroeconomic variables on finance-development nexus is raise to be uni-directional in the long-run, suggesting that crude oil price and administration expenditure are the key jockeys of long-term growth of the Nigerian financial sector and essentially among the latent factors that determine the amount of business-related activities pass through the Nigerian financial sector. The procedure recommendation search out make the investment sector more accessible to embellish financial expanding and indeed a policy that will reassure diversification of the saving rather than solely reliance on oil income.
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Comparative Evaluation of the Allelopathic Effects of the Leaf Extracts of Three Asteraceae Species (Ageratum conyzoides, Vernonia amygdalina, Artemisia annua)
Search for an alternative to synthetic herbicides have prompted scientists to investigate the allelopathic potential of plants, that would serve as a remedy for adulteration of soil, water bodies and crops production with poisonous chemical residues came from using artificial herbicides. The allelopathic effects of the liquid leaf extracts of Ageratum conyzoides, Vernonia amygdalina and Artemisia annua at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 (part per volume) concentrations were judged on seed pregnancy, root length and climax of seedlings of Lactuca sativa after 28 days artificial. Results obtained granted significant dissimilarities P=[0.5] among the various concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts secondhand when compared accompanying the control in all the three limits studied. Significant decline in seed pregnancy, growth of root and altitude of seedlings were observed as a whole the treatments but at variable levels from moderate to severe belongings for aqueous leaf extract of A. conyzoides and A. annua respectively, while otherwise, aqueous extracts of V. amygdalina reinforced seed pregnancy, root elongation and plant climax. Cytological studies conducted to notice the mitotic behaviour of cells in root tips got from highest aggregation of the leaf extracts indicated that liquid leaf extracts of A. conyzoides and A. annua lowered the mitotic index of containers in root tips of Lactuca sativa while that of V. amygdalina greatly raised the mitotic index of cells in the root tips when distinguished with the control. For the number of separating cells, T-test accompanied significance P=[ 0.001] only in liquid leaf extract of A. conyzoides.
#Allelopathy#Ageratum conyzoides#Vernonia amygdalina#Artemisia annua#Lactuca sativa#aqueous and leaf extract.
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Assessment of Attitude and Practice of Food Hygiene among Food Handlers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Background: Food handlers have an main role to play in foodstuff businesses and that search out guarantee that meals dressed are hygienic for consumption. Conscious or accidental contamination of aforementioned food places consumers in danger of suffering meat-borne diseases. The aim of this study was to decide the attitude and practice of meat hygiene among bread handlers in Ebonyi State Nigeria.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study in design. A multi-stage examining technique was used to select 170 respondents. Data were calm using pre-proven interviewer-executed questionnaire and observational record. Statistical analyses (capacities, chi-square tests) were carried out utilizing IBM-SPSS version 20.Results: Majority (75.9%) of the study colleagues were females, 84.1% were in the age range of 20-49 age. Most of the respondents (98.2%) had one form of instruction or the other. Only 4 (2.4%) of the coffee shops had adequate physical foundation, availability of available water, toilet facility, refuse and pot/hand washing abilities. Slightly above half (52.9%) of the study subjects had beneficial attitude toward food cleanliness while only 27.6% had good practice. Only 33.5% of them undermined apron, 27.1% covered their head, 18.2% acted not handle money while portion food to consumers. There were nevertheless significant unions between level of instruction and infrastructure/environment of cooking premises accompanying attitude and practice of food cleanliness.Conclusion: Though there was few level of positive attitude toward meal hygiene, their practice was weak. Only few restaurants had able infrastructure for operation. Thus, skilled is high risk of cooking contamination in the food trades. Health education interference programs for food handlers will help to prevent snack-borne afflictions/illnesses. Also supervisory agencies and government bear ensure that all meat premises used for arrangement and sale of drink to the public meet the minimum standard for operation.
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Comparative Studies on Homemade Bread Produced from Blends of Wheat Flour with Each of Cassava, Maize and Whole Wheat Flour
Homemade money produced from blends of grain flour accompanying cassava flour (WCF), grain flour accompanying maize flour (WMF), and grain flour accompanying whole grain flour (WWF) at variable proportions were distinguished. The bread samples were analysed for visual evaluation, pertaining to food value and attendance of microorganisms. Sensory evaluation evaluation was based on money’s appearance, taste, balance and odour. Proximate and mineral reasonings were done utilizing laboratory obligations illustrated by AOAC. Pour plate technique was used to estimate the microbial public and isolates were identified utilizing laboratory processes. WCF, WMF and WWF blends at ratio 9:1 has the topmost acceptability. The portion of crude protein for the three crush into fine grains-blends ranges from 12.61 to 27.41 %, 0.31 to 0.70 % for crude fibre, 11.91 to 16.91 % for fat, 0.10 to 0.13 % for ruins, 22.25 to 24.91 % for moisture content, 32.85 to 52.82 % for oxygen, 115 to 121.68 mg/100g for K, 95.61 to 107.45 mg/100g for Ca, 92.50 to 96.50 mg/100g for P, 21.65 to 27.91 mg/100g for Mg, 3.75 to 5.20 mg/100g for Fe and 527.20 to 552.40 mg/100g for Na. Estimated bacterial population changes from 0.68 × 106 to 5.81× 107 cfu/g and 1.04× 107 to 2.50× 108 cfu/g for fungal population. Two Bacillus sp. were bacterial isolates renewed from the bread samples while Mucor sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii, Neurospora sp., Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium compacticum and Rhizopus sp. were fungi private. Bread samples made from each of the composite crush into fine grains at percentage 9:1 were at their best with WMF blend being the overall best.
#Bread#wheat flour#maize flour#cassava flour#whole wheat flour#sensory evaluation#proximate analysis#microorganism.
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