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biomedres · 9 months
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Comparative Analysis of Small Mammal and Parasitic Flea Composition in Yulong and Jianchuan Plague Foci in Yunnan Province, China: A Cross Sectional Study
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Comparative Analysis of Small Mammal and Parasitic Flea Composition in Yulong and Jianchuan Plague Foci in Yunnan Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006076.php
Background: Yunnan is a province of China most seriously affected by plague outbreaks. From 2005 to 2016, Plague in human was sporadically reported in Yunnan. Understanding the composition of small mammals and parasitic fleas in a plague natural focus might inform plague prevention and control measures. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the distribution and composition of small mammals and parasitic fleas in the Yulong plague focus by comparing with those in the Jianchuan plague focus in Yunnan Province. Methods: This study was conducted during December 2015 to October 2016, two wild plague foci included Yulong and Jianchuan were selected as study region, small mammals were captured by Dead traps in the spring, summer, autumn and winter and the parasitic fleas were collected by combing. The relevant indicator of small mammals and parasitic fleas were calculated, with compared by the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: In the study, 884 small mammals representing 18 species were captured in the Yulong plague focus, at a density of 17.98%. From these mammals, 484 parasitic fleas representing 9 species were collected, with the flea prevalence of 24.77%. Further, 1069 small mammals representing 17 species were captured in the Jianchuan plague focus, at a density of 21.29%. From these mammals, 618 parasitic fleas representing 9 species were collected, with the flea prevalence of 27.60%. The small mammal density in the Jianchuan plague focus was significantly higher than that in the Yulong plague focus (Chi-squared test, P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in flea prevalence (Chi-squared test, P=0.159). The seasonal composition of small mammals and parasitic fleas in the two plague foci was significantly different (small mammals, Chi-squared test, P<0.01, parasitic fleas, Chi-squared test, P<0.05). Conclusion: Apodemus chevrieri, Apodemus draco, and Eothenomys miletus were the dominant hosts in the two plague foci. In Yulong focus, Neopsylla specialis specialis and Ctenophthalmus (Sinoctenophthalmus) quadratus were the common dominant vectors. The compositions of small mammals and parasitic fleas in the two plague natural foci are similar, while some unique characteristics were existed in the Yulong plague focus. A. draco thrives better and E. proditor was only a secondary host or popular host. N. specialis specialis was the most abundant in summer of the Yulong plague focus, but C. (S.) quadratus was the most abundant in spring of the Jianchuan plague focus.
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biomedres · 9 months
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SARS-CoV-2 and its Transmission Ability Through the Nasal and Oral Cavities
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SARS-CoV-2 and its Transmission Ability Through the Nasal and Oral Cavities in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006075.php
Since the beginning of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it was identified that its ligand Spike Protein (S protein) is the receptor of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is present in epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa, the surface of the tongue in the oral cavity, the pharynx, and the salivary glands [1]. These last have a higher ACE2 expression, which facilitates the virus to infect a person. Because saliva is a secretion from the oral cavity produced by the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands, it is in constant contact with perioral tissue, such as the tongue, which due to its mobility, facilitates saliva to be in contact with the entire oral cavity [2]. The presence of viral RNA in saliva has allowed the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the early stages of infection and promptly identify asymptomatic individuals [2,3]. Saliva also contains IgA and IgG isotype antibodies which could be relevant in immunized people against SARS-CoV-2 [2]. In general, if a healthy person comes into contact with aerosols contaminated with the virus, the following alternatives can occur: a) If the virus enters through the open oral cavity, it will come into contact with saliva. The viral particles could go into the digestive tract because the epiglottis blocks saliva access to the lungs [4], thus reinforcing findings of the virus in feces [5] and gastrointestinal symptoms.
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biomedres · 9 months
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3-D Dental Measurement Using A Non-Contact Optical Technique
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3-D Dental Measurement Using A Non-Contact Optical Technique in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006074.php
This research is aimed at creating a system of automatic acquisition of three-dimensional data with one or more teeth and oral cavity so as to be able to reconstruct a more accurate substitutive prosthesis. Its purpose is to reduce the disturbance to the patient due to impressions (imprints of teeth, abutments and jaws) and bite registration (imprints of how the teeth and the jaws fit together) and to provide greater precision in the production phase while giving therein a greater reliability in the time. In the classic construction of a dental prosthesis the low accuracy modeling gives an imperfect matching between the prosthesis and the oral cavity which in turn causes lasting disturbance to the patient. Moreover, the creation of a solid model from the impression or mold taken of the patient’s teeth requires contact between the model material and the dental mold and may result in contamination if either is not properly sterilized. Therefore, a non-contact measuring system is essentially required. In order to achieve these results, an automatic system based on a smart sensor with an opto-electronic technology will be realized. All the data will be treated to obtain a model of the tooth adapted for a tool machine. A prototype can be obtained by means of a laser sintering process for the execution of the final prosthesis. An advanced interferometric technique with an automatic image processing system (Holostrain) has been applied. Dental Measurement Required The shape of the abutment is frustum conic Figure 1 and the cap, which substitutes the tooth, will be mounted on it using pressure instead of glue. The goal is to obtain the most accurate and reliable reconstruction of the abutment with a precision of 30µ. in accordance with international medical prescriptions. Another important request is that the distance between two contiguous teeth is large enough to guarantee the use of standard sized dental floss.
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biomedres · 9 months
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Schizophrenia: Current and Perspectives
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Schizophrenia: Current and Perspectives in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006073.php
Schizophrenia as a severe and chronic mental disorder which is the most life disruptive disorders in the medicine. There is several types of schizophrenia. people with one type of this disease will develop the other type of disorder with an increased risk [1]. Knowing better about some factors like diet, nutrition and features of metabolic help us for future information in this issue [2]. Some information among these topics is clear to understand scientific benefits people who suffer from this problem. Although information and developments on it are a lot, the latest therapy methods aren’t enough completely. Actually, studies about this regard concentrate on the meaning molecular abnormalities [3]. Around 0.7% of people around the world suffer from this illness. It is true that there are helpful and useful therapies and methods for schizophrenia like antipsychotics. Also, some sick people don’t have all symptoms and actually, they have some side effects too [4]. Cognitive deficits and negative symptoms are seen in this illness. In healthy people, neural oscillations and functional networks are connected with a big part of cognitive abilities while in schizophrenia, we can see that neural oscillations are connected with cognitive and negative symptoms in a different range of people. Moreover, symptoms can be seen in different way in sick people [3].
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biomedres · 10 months
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Current Research Progress on Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Application of Guhan Yangshengjing
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Current Research Progress on Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Application of Guhan Yangshengjing in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006072.php
Guhan Yangshengjing (GHYSJ) is based on the essence of the bamboo slips “Healthcare Prescriptions” and “Endo-meridians” from the ancient tombs of the Western Han Dynasty in Mawangdui, Li Congfu, Liu Bingfan, and Ouyang Qi of the Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, condensed a compound recipe with their decades of clinical experience. GHYSJ,, composed of a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, has the efficacy of invigorating the kidney for strengthening the spleen, tonifying qi for benefitting essence, which is used for dizziness, palpitations, dizziness, tinnitus, forgetfulness, insomnia, impotence and spermatorrhea and fatigue and weakness caused by deficiency of qi and yin and insufficient kidney essence [1]. GHYSJ has been put into production since 1986,of which two dosage forms, oral liquid and tablets are developed with multiple specifications and models, which can meet the purchasing needs of different groups. In the process of longterm clinical application, it has been found that GHYSJ also has a good effect on many other diseases, such as atrophic gastritis, coronary heart disease, alopecia areata, chloasma, hypotension, Meniere’s syndrome, senile habitual constipation and menopausal syndrome [2].
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biomedres · 10 months
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Sustainability of Biologic Therapy is Less in Ulcerative Colitis than Crohn’s Disease Patients, Independent of Prior Biologic Experience
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Sustainability of Biologic Therapy is Less in Ulcerative Colitis than Crohn’s Disease Patients, Independent of Prior Biologic Experience in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006071.php
Background: Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) with biologics is effective but loss of response to treatment limits long-term treatment success. Few studies have examined what determines sustainability of biologic treatment. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine factors associated with sustainability of biologic therapy in IBD. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 4,200 patients in a single healthcare network. Primary outcome was time to biologic treatment discontinuation (due to inadequate treatment response or adverse effects). Results: A total of 948 independent biologic treatment episodes were identified in 712 patients. Mean follow-up was 2.3years (range 0.0028 – 5.00). • Group 1: 701 biologic-naïve treatment episodes were included. 329 patients (47%) were treated with infliximab, 337(48%) with adalimumab and 32(5%) with golimumab. 250 (36%) had UC. Mean time to discontinuation in UC was 2.9 years compared to 3.6 years in CD (p = <0.001). • Group 2: 247 treatment episodes of biologic-experienced patients were included. 83(33%) were treated with infliximab, 57(23%) with adalimumab, 40(16%) with vedolizumab, 26(11%) with golimumab and 41(16.6%) with ustekinumab. 99(40 %) had UC. Mean time to discontinuation in UC was 2.3 years compared to 3.1 years in CD (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our real-world data indicates sustainability of biologic treatment is less in UC than in CD patients and is not strongly determined by prior biologic exposure. These findings suggest the need for better understanding of the differing mechanisms for loss of biologic response which will assist in sequencing of therapies in the future.
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biomedres · 10 months
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Assessment of Body Composition of Adult Females among Weight Managing and not Managing Groups
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Assessment of Body Composition of Adult Females among Weight Managing and not Managing Groups in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006070.php
One exquisite component that marks the personality of an individual is his or her body weight. Accordingly there is a body image perception in the mind of an individual. According to the body image perception, about oneself one frames in his or her mind, the individual follows specific exercise and dietary modifications for weight management. Weight management may involve loosing weight, maintaining weight, or a desire to gain weight. Targets for managing weight may involve loosing weight, maintaining weight, or gaining weight. An individual’s target for weight management may be further assessed and justified by body composition analysis. Moreover body composition analysis helps to assess the nutritional status of an individual. The present research study was a cross sectional study conducted to assess the body composition of females 18-30 years, 147 in number with reference to Body mass Index (BMI), fat mass per cent, fat free mass per cent and total body water per cent. Also a comparison of the above parameters was done among different groups of subjects namely conscious for weight but not managing weight (CNM), making attempts to loose weight (group I), making attempts to maintain weight (group II) and making attempts to gain weight (group III). An ANNOVA test was conducted to assess the difference in these parameters both within and between groups. The results of the study revealed that the difference in BMI, fat mass per cent, fat free mass per cent was highly significant both within and between subjects of various groups, while the difference in body water per cent was found to be significant both within and between subjects of various groups. Besides this the fat mass per cent values were found to be highest in subjects of group I (loose weight), while the values were found to be lowest in subjects of group III (gain weight). The fat free mass per cent values were highest in subjects of group III (gain weight) while the values were found to be lowest among subjects of group I (loose weight). Body water is a part of fat free mass. This was confirmed since subjects in group III (gain weight) had highest quantity of total body water per cent. With reference to BMI, majority of the subjects in group I (Loose weight) fell in the Overweight or Obese category, while majority of the subjects (66.66%) in group III (gain weight) fell into the category of being Underweight. Majority of the subjects in the conscious not managing category (48.48%) and 73.08% subjects in group II (maintain weight) were classified as Normal. The assessment results for body composition parameters justify the weight management targets by subjects and confirm the appropriate body image perception in the individuals also.
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biomedres · 10 months
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Immediate and Long-Term Impacts of COVID-19 on Surgical Services and Patient
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Immediate and Long-Term Impacts of COVID-19 on Surgical Services and Patient in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006069.php
Background: In December 2019 COVID 19 originated in Wuhan, Hubei province, of China, but as of 23july 2021 >192 million cases and >4 million deaths have been reported globally. These dramatic figures have a profound, potentially long-lasting and extensive effect on the delivery of surgical services worldwide. Objective: Aimed to support surgical teams and health service by identifying key domains that should be covered in pandemic preparedness plans. Methods: The data and information is collected from various international journals and electronic media published throughout the world. Results: As regions with the highest volume of operations per capita are being hit, a large number of operations are being postponed. Patients are being deprived of surgeries, with uncertain loss of function and risk of adverse prognosis as a collateral damage by the pandemic. No major entity has enlisted the difficulties faced by general public as conditions for general surgeries are not on par with the ones required. Surgical services need a backup plan for maintaining surgical care in an ongoing or post pandemic time phase. Conclusion: A pandemic is a rapidly changing scenario, requiring reorganization and teamwork flexibility of the healthcare delivery. In future research required to study the impact of COVID-19 infection on postoperative outcomes, identifying risk stratification strategies, and determining whether prophylaxis using anti-COVID drugs and how to reduces rates of hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection.
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biomedres · 10 months
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Pyometra in a Cat: A Clinical Case Report
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Pyometra in a Cat: A Clinical Case Report in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006068.php
Pyometra is an acute or chronic suppurative inflammation of the uterus. It is characterized by endometrial hyperplasia with cystic dilation of endometrial glands and accumulation of a neutrophil-rich exudate in the uterine lumen. The incidence of feline pyometra is still not well documented and probably underestimated because queens often don’t present with clinical signs [1]. No prevalence data for pyometra have so far been described in cats, but observations of most veterinarians are that the disease is observed less commonly than in dogs. The most common clinical finding in case of 75% of pyometra cases is mucopurrulent to hemorrhagic vaginal discharge [2]. The clinical presentation of pyometra is similar in cats and dogs. In ‘open-cervix pyometra’ a blood stained; purulent vaginal discharge may be the only clinical sign. Animals with ‘closed-cervix pyometra’ may not show any vaginal discharge and are more commonly systemically ill because resorption of bacterial toxins from the uterine lumen into the circulation can result in endotoxaemia. Bacteremia may also occur. Non-specific clinical signs such as anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, loss of weight and unkempt appearance can also be observed [3]. Polyuria and polydypsia do not occur as often as in dogs. They were reported only in 9% of the cases [4].
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biomedres · 10 months
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The Diagnostic Difficulties and The Delayed Identification of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in A Teenage Patient. A Review of Literature
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The Diagnostic Difficulties and The Delayed Identification of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in A Teenage Patient. A Review of Literature in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006067.php
Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (S-ALCL) is a rare and aggressive lymphoma. In most cases it arises in cervical and axillary lymph nodes. At times, the disease may have an unusual course when the primary site appears in other locations, like skin, bone, lung liver. This may lead to diagnostic dilemmas. We report an unusual case of a 16-year-old boy with S-ALCL who presented with a nodular skin lesion located in the lower abdomen. Initially, based on the physical examination, he was misdiagnosed with an abscess. This resulted in the omission of diagnosing the neoplasm and caused the development of a systemic disease The diagnosis of ALCL is established in an advanced stage. This process relies on a histopathological and complex immunohistochemical examination of the collected material. To provide the best adjusted therapy, there is a requirement of a precise identification of neoplastic cells’ immunophenotype. It should be performed in the facility with the highest reference level. In the view of above, patient’s life depends on fast and exact diagnostic. Specialists, who are usually the first to encounter such patients, are crucial to initiate the relevant diagnostic processes and subsequently send the patient to the oncology unit.
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biomedres · 10 months
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Coexistence of Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Epicardial Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator System, Possible Interference: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
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Coexistence of Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Epicardial Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator System, Possible Interference: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006066.php
Introduction: Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective treatment for drugresistant epilepsies. The possible interaction of VNS and electronic cardiac devices such as pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is poorly studied. Methods and Results: We report the first case in literature of a child with a VNS device and ICD implanted via epicardial approach, including careful device monitoring overtime, and summarize the current literature available on concomitant therapy with both VNS and implantable electronic cardiac system, with a focus on possible interference between the devices. The case reported involves a child suffering from congenital heart disease and long QT syndrome; first, he underwent epicardial ICD implantation at 1 year of age after an aborted cardiac arrest causing significant neurological damage, and subsequently implanted VNS for drug-resistant epilepsy. A stepwise approach was performed to increase gradually the intensity of the VNS stimulations and concomitant ICD monitoring was obtained. Sub-threshold noise was recorded on the ICD electrogram during VNS activation and optimization, without compromising the correct functioning of both devices. In literature, the coexistence of the VNS system and a pacemaker/ICD is described in a few case reports of patients with epilepsy and arrhythmias, as well as in some studies focusing on the modulation of the autonomic nervous system in heart failure patients with cardiac devices, but without describing interactions between devices. Conclusions: The positioning of both a VNS system and pacemaker/ICD in the same patient appears to be feasible and safe, provided that the VNS and cardiac devices are tested to assess for interaction.
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biomedres · 10 months
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Selective Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization with Oxaliplatin Increases Tumor Exposure Compared to Systemic Administration in a Rabbit Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Selective Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization with Oxaliplatin Increases Tumor Exposure Compared to Systemic Administration in a Rabbit Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006065.php
Purpose: To compare the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of hepatic artery infusion of oxaliplatin emulsified in Lipiodol (cTACE) versus intravenous (IV) infusion in a rabbit model of HCC. Materials and Methods: Sixteen VX2 rabbits (4 rabbits/ time of sacrifice) received an IV infusion of oxaliplatin solution (4 mg/kg). Another 18 rabbits (4 or 5 rabbits/ time of sacrifice) received a 0.3 mL infusion (0.75 mg/rabbit) of 1:2 oxaliplatin:Lipiodol® emulsion followed by Curaspon® by hepatic artery infusion, called conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE). Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed on plasma or ultrafiltered plasma. Plasma and tissue samples (healthy liver, tumor, pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, kidneys) were collected at 1h, 24h, 72h and 168h after the treatment and analysed by ICP-MS for quantification of elemental platinum (Pt) concentrations. Tumor response was quantified by ultrasound imaging and tumor necrosis was quantified by histology. Results: While plasma exposure was 11-fold lower after cTACE, mean Pt concentrations in the tumor were higher (cTACE vs IV, mean ± SD: 24.9±22.3 vs 11.3±8.7 nmol/g at 1h post-administration, 24.6±22.0 vs 5.9±0.9 nmol/g at 24h, 13.8±13.4 vs 3.9±0.8 nmol/g at 72h, 18.5±11.5 vs 2.5±0.8 nmol/g at 168h). The tumor/healthy liver ratio, the most important parameter for the proof-of-concept of tumor targeting with minimal exposure to the liver was close to 1 for the IV route whereas it exceeded 20, at all times points for cTACE treatment and reached 65 at 168h. Tumor necrosis (cTACE vs IV) was also significantly higher at 24, 72 and 168h post-administration: 92±17% vs 45±5%, 99±3% vs 47±15%, 96±8% vs 41±19%, respectively. Conclusion: cTACE using a low dose of oxaliplatin in Lipiodol water-in-oil emulsion resulted in higher Pt concentrations in the tumor, lower systemic exposure and higher tumor necrosis than a higher intravenous dose of oxaliplatin in VX2 rabbits.
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biomedres · 10 months
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Cobalt Doped TiO2/rGO Nanocomposites as Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for Water Purification
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Cobalt Doped TiO2/rGO Nanocomposites as Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for Water Purification in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006064.php
An efficient Co-TiO2 /rGO nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method with Co(NO3 )2 ·6H2 O, titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and graphene oxide (GO) as raw materials. The morphology and structure of the as-prepared materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-Vis and XPS. Methylene blue (MB), a typical organic dye, was selected as the probe to investigate the effects of the mass ratio of GO and Co-TiO2 , the dosage amount of catalyst and the cycling performance of Co-TiO2 /rGO. The results showed that the band gap width of the prepared Co-TiO2 /rGO composite was about 2.92eV, and when the mass ratio of GO and Co-TiO2 was 0.01 and the dosage was 20mg, the highest photocatalytic degradation of MB was observed with the degradation rate of 99.7%. Significantly, after 5 times of photocatalytic recycle was conducted, the degradation rate of MB by Co-TiO2 /rGO was still above 70%. Highlights i. The Cobalt doped TiO2 /rGO nanocomposites were prepared through a sample hydrothermal method. ii. Compared with TiO2 , MB degradation percentage increased from 57.4% to 99.7% in the existence of Co-TiO2 /rGO-2. iii. After 5 times of photocatalytic recycle performance tests, the degradation rate of MB by Co-TiO2 /rGO was still 78.2%.
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biomedres · 10 months
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Doctor of Radiography Curriculum: Comparison of the Perception of Radiography Lecturers and Radiography Students towards the Proposed Curriculum
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Doctor of Radiography Curriculum: Comparison of the Perception of Radiography Lecturers and Radiography Students towards the Proposed Curriculum in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006063.php
Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the perception of radiography lecturers and radiography students towards the proposed Doctor of Radiography curriculum. Methodology: This study was carried out in all universities of Nigeria offering radiography as a course of study. The study population comprised of 62 radiography lecturers and 40 radiography students. A standard, self-structured questionnaire was used in the collection of data. The questionnaire comprised three sections. Section A obtained information on the demographic data of the lecturers and the students. Section B elicited information on perceived knowledge of graduates of the D-RAD curriculum while section C captured information on perceived quality of radiographers that will be produced by the D-RAD curriculum. Results: A total of 62 lecturers comprising 51 males (82.3%) and 11 females (17.7%) and 40 students comprising 26 females (65%) and 14 females (35%) participated in the study. For the production of very knowledgeable radiographers, the lecturers and the students had means of 3.09 and 3.19 respectively. The lecturers and the students had means of 3.25 and 3.47 for the production of high quality radiographers. The means gotten were greater than the cut-off score that is 2.50 which was the mean derived from a 4-point Likert scale of Strongly Disagree-1 to Strongly Agree-4. Conclusion: The proposed D-RAD curriculum will cover more content than the basic Bachelor’s curriculum and ensure for the production of high quality and knowledgeable radiographers hence it is a welcome development for radiography lecturers and students.
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biomedres · 10 months
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Laboratory Evaluation of Ethanol Production from Jatropha Curcas as Compared to A Selected Sugarcane Variety (DB 7869)
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Laboratory Evaluation of Ethanol Production from Jatropha Curcas as Compared to A Selected Sugarcane Variety (DB 7869) in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006062.php
This is driving research to use Ethanol as a transportation fuel in view of the fact that it is more efficient, cleaner and a cheaper source of energy. Engines have been converted for the use of ethanol in countries like Brazil, India, United States of America. Jatropha curcas or commonly called ‘physic nut’ is of the Euphorbiaceae family, a perennial crop, with a higher efficiency of biofuel production than Sugarcane, a crop that requires limited attention in its cultivation. Jatropha curcas is seen as having potentials for commercial production in Guyana, as such large-scale cultivation will commence in the near future so as to reduce fuel importation cost, create a cleaner atmosphere and aid in creating job opportunities. Sugarcane occupies some 50,000 ha of land along the coast of Guyana. The potential for commercial ethanol production from sugarcane has been extensively studied in recent years by Guyana Sugar Cooperation (Guysuco) and other agencies with the interest to increase the diversity of products from sugarcane. The procedure for this project involves primarily laboratory work in which Jatropha curcas leaves and seeds were collected as well as Sugarcane variety (DB 7869) juice, isolated with yeast, Saccharomyces cereviseae and fermented for a week. Ethanol produced from these materials was obtained from simple distillation. The results attain showed that Jatropha curcas produced a higher percentage of ethanol than Sugarcane variety (DB 7869). The quality (percentage of alcohol) and purity (alcohols/esters) of the ethanol was tested at Demerara Distillers Limited (DDL) and Guyana Pharmaceuticals Company (GPC), in which Sugarcane variety DB 7869 was found to be purer than Jatropha curcas. This experiment was done on a small scale and a lot of knowledge was acquired about the ability of producing biofuel from both of these plants however, further research needs to be carried out on a larger scale to enhance the results and to pick up what has been overlooked, all for the benefit of commercial production and a cleaner atmosphere.
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biomedres · 10 months
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Immunomodulatory Effect of Lactoferrin on Mucosal Immunity of Uterus in Pregnant Rat
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Immunomodulatory Effect of Lactoferrin on Mucosal Immunity of Uterus in Pregnant Rat in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006061.php
Immunity stabilization in early pregnancy is one of the most reasons for the establishment of gestation. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein which proved to has a positive effect on immunity including broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and intonation of inflammatory as well as humoral and cellular immune responses. So, this study aimed to examine some immune parameters, cells and cytokines during early Pregnancy. Twenty-four mature female and six male rats for mating were subjected to this investigation. They were grouped into two groups, the control and lactoferrin group treated daily with Lactoferrin with a dose of 50µgm/kg body weight orally starting from one week before and persisted for one week after mating. Blood samples were collected from each female rat at 5hrs, 1day,3days, and 7 days after mating for hematological and biochemical assay Extracted RNA was subjected to real-time PCR to determine mRNA levels for immune- related genes interleukin1A(IL1A) and interleukin 10(IL10). Histopathological examination was done on the uterus. Results showed a significant increase in white blood cell count, mainly neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil, mainly at 5hrs and 7-days of the lactoferrin group. Similarly, C- reactive protein and progesterone in the lactoferrin group at 3 and 7 days were significantly increased. Also, significant increases in the levels of interleukin 1 A at all experimental periods were noticed, while interleukin 10 was increased at 1day and 3 days after mating in the Lactoferrin treated group. TNF increased significantly at 5hrs, 1days, and 7 days. In contrast, estrogen decreased significantly at 5hrs and 1 day while Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) decreased at 5hrs and 3 days and 7 days of Lactoferrin treated group. Moreover, histopathological examination revealed high leukocytic infiltration, especially neutrophil and eosinophil, at 5hrs hours after mating in the Lactoferrin treated group. This research demonstrated that using Lactoferrin during Pregnancy has a good impact on some immune cytokines and parameters that may improve immune status during early pregnancy.
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biomedres · 10 months
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Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Staphylococcus Aureus Viability and Staphylocoagulase Activity, an Ex-Vivo Trial
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Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Staphylococcus Aureus Viability and Staphylocoagulase Activity, an Ex-Vivo Trial in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.006060.php
Introduction: This study was designed to assess photodynamic treatment (PDT) effects on biological inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It is mainly focused on reducing the activity of Staphylocoagulase (SC), an essential product of the bacteria. The PDT effects were evaluated on the inhibition of the bacteria’s enzymatic activity and total bacterial count (viability). Methods: A 650nm wavelength diode laser was used with 100mW output power and 2 minutes of exposure time. We used 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/ml MB dilutions as a photosensitizer. The viability of bacteria after and before laser treatment was calculated using single plate-serial dilution spotting methods. The activity of staphylocoagulase was detected by incubating it with human plasma and assessment of crude-substrate interaction. Results: Our findings approved that 2 minutes’ irradiation of S. aureus with 650nm diode laser alone results in rising total cell number and SC activity while photosensitizing with 150 μg/ml concentration of MB results in significant inhibition of SC activity, compared with other groups. Conclusion: The optimal concentration of MB dye as a photosensitizer for maximum penetration to the intracellular bacterial structure, resulting in reactive oxygen species production inside and outside the bacterial cell’s plasma membrane, is 150 μg/ml. Using a laser wavelength of 650 nm along with this concentration of MB reduces the activity of SC.
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