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Image Representation: In computer science, we can represent an image in various forms. Most of the time, it refers to the way that brings information, such as color is coded digitally, and how the image is stored, i.e., how an image file is structured.
Several open standards were recommended to create, manipulate, store, and exchange digital images. The rules described the format of image files, the algorithms of image encoding, the form of additional information often named as metadata.
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It is a part of hardware or interpreter which is used to transform display processor code into pictures. It is used to convert digital information from CPU to analog data.
It is a digital-analog conversion which depends on the types of devices and graphics functions. The main function of display processors is called scan conversion.
In this process, contiguous graphics objects have to be separated as collections of ellipse, rectangles, and polygons.
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It is a part of hardware or interpreter which is used to transform display processor code into pictures. It is used to convert digital information from CPU to analog data.
It is a digital-analog conversion which depends on the types of devices and graphics functions. The main function of display processors is called scan conversion.
In this process, contiguous graphics objects have to be separated as collections of ellipse, rectangles, and polygons.
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The display device is an output device used to represent the information in the form of images (visual form). Display systems are mostly called a video monitor or Video display unit (VDU).
Display devices are designed to model, display, view, or display information. The purpose of display technology is to simplify information sharing.
Today, the demand for high-quality displays is increasing.
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An output device is a component of hardware or the main physical part of a computer that can be touched and seen. An output device is an electromechanical device.
“The Computer gives instructions and data from input devices and processes it and returns the result called as output.”
For Example: Printer, Plotter, Monitor, Projector etc.
Printers:
A printer is a peripheral device which is used to represent the graphics or text on paper. The quality is measured by its resolution. The resolution of any printer is measured in dot per inch (dpi).
The printer usually works with the computer and connected via a cable. In present, many digital device support printer features so that we can use Bluetooth, Wi-fi, and cloud technology to print.
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An Input device is the piece of computer hardware equipment used to give input to the computer. The input can be in the form of graphics, text, sound, audio, video, and image, etc. “Input devices are those devices through which we can give the data and instructions to the computer.”
For Example– Mouse, Trackball, Keyboard, Light pen, etc.
Classification of Input Devices
Manual data entry devices
Direct data entry devices
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Some applications of computer graphics are mentioned below-
Graphical User Interface (GUI): It is a way of interacting with a computer using the icon, menu, and other visual, graphics by which user easily interacts.
Art: Computer Graphics provides a new way of making designs. Many artists and designers use illustrator, coral draw, Photoshop, adobe muse, and other types of applications for creating new designs.
Entertainment: Computer graphics allow the user to make animated movies and games. Computer graphics are used to create scenes. Computer graphics are also used for special effects and animations.
Presentations: Computer graphics are used for making charts, bar diagrams, and other images for the presentation purpose, with the graphical presentation the user, can easily understand the points.
Engineering Drawings: Computer Graphics has also provided us the flexibility to make 3D models, house circuits and engineering drawings, etc. which is helpful for us.
Education and Training: Computer graphics are also used to provide training to students with simulators. The students can learn about the machines without physically trying them.
Medical Imaging: MRIs, CT scans, and other internal scans are possible because of computer graphics.
Flight Simulator: Computer graphic is used to provide training to pilots of aircraft. The pilots give much time to a flight simulator on the ground instead of real airplanes.
Printing Technology: Computer graphics are used in textile designing and flex printing.
Typography: Use of character pictures to replace the rough form of the past in printing.
Satellite Imaging: Computer graphics are used to forecast the movement of the cloud and to predict the weather.
Cartography: Computer graphics are used in map drawing.
CAD/CAM: CAD/CAM is also known as Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. CAD/CAM is used to design and build prototypes, finished products, and manufacturing processes.
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The computer graphics contains two types. They are-
Raster (Bitmap) graphics
Vector graphics
Many individuals are likely to consider pictures on computers (or phones, tablets, or some other electronic gadget with a picture interface) without worrying about how the graphic is processed and displayed on the computer device. That’s great when you’re just a graphic user, but it is essential to note the image’s specific design for all who would like to construct or modify computer graphics images.
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Computer Graphics (CG) was first developed as a visualization tool. Computer graphics were basically introduced for scientists and engineers in government and corporate research centers, i.e., Bell Labs and Boeing in the 1950s. After then the tools would be developed at Universities in the 60s and 70s at places, i.e., Ohio State University, MIT, University of Utah, Cornell, North Carolina, and the New York Institute of Technology. The computer graphics are invented by researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing. It is often brief as computer graphics.
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Computer graphics is commonly seen as a computer science branch that deals with the computerized image fusion theory and technology. As simple as a triangle outline, a computer-generated image may represent a scene. The computer has become a powerful tool for producing images quickly and economically.
When a computer is used to create images, the same process is followed as creating images manually. The process’s primary computational steps give a boost to several important computer graphics areas.
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DBMS architecture helps in development, implementation, design, and maintenance of a database that store and organize information for agencies, businesses, and institutions. It is the base of any database management system, which allows it to perform the functions effectively and efficiently. The whole concept of DBMS depends upon its architecture. It can be designed as centralized, decentralized, or hierarchical.
The database management system architecture can be seen as either a single-tier or multi-tier, but logically, it can be of two types: 2-tier architecture and 3- tier architecture.
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There are four types of database management system (DBMS) based on the data models, which are as follows:
Hierarchical Database Management Systems
Relational Database Management Systems
Network Database Management Systems
Object-oriented Database Management Systems
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A file management system is a collection of programs that manage and store data in files and folders in a computer hard disk. A file management system manages the way of reading and writing data to the hard disk. It is also known as conventional file system.
This system actually stores data in the isolated files which have their own physical location on the drive, and users manually go to these locations to access these files. It is the easiest way to store the data like text, videos, images, audios, etc. in general files. Data redundancy is high in file management system, and it cannot be controlled easily. Data consistency is not met, and the integration of data is hard to achieve.
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Applications of DBMS: There are various fields where a database management system is used. Following are some applications which make use of the database management system:
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The main component of a Database management system is the software. It is the set of programs which is used to manage the database and to control the overall computerized database.
The DBMS software provides an easy-to-use interface to store, retrieve, and update data in the database.
This software component is capable of understanding the Database Access Language and converts it into actual database commands to execute or run them on the database.
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Database Management System (DBMS) tutorial is all about managing and maintaining the data effectively. Our DBMS tutorial is designed for beginners as well as professionals.
What is Data?
Data is a real-world entity or an object. Data is a distinct piece of information or facts that need to be processed. It can be in any form like text, number, picture, measurements, and bytes.
Example: Ankit, Delhi, 12, 80.
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Java and JavaScript, both play an important role in the field of Computer Technology. Most people think JavaScript is a part of Java. But it is not entirely true. Java is a programming language whereas JavaScript is a scripting language. In this section we will discuss the differences between Java and JavaScript.
What is Java?
Java is an object-oriented programming language, released by Sun Microsystems in the year 1995.
Java programming is most popular programming languages because of object-oriented. It is platform-independent. It does not support explicit pointers that makesJava programs more secure.
One must install JDK before executing the Java program. The Java code is first compiled into byte code and then it is interpreted. The byte code can be executed on any other platform which has Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed on it. This makes the Java programs portable.
There are three versions of Java.
Java SE (Standard Edition)
Java EE (Enterprise Edition)
Java ME (Micro Edition)
Applications of Java
Java Programming can be used to develop:
Mobile applications
Desktop GUI applications
Web applications
Big data technologies
Cloud based applications
Distributed applications
Server side technologies like Apache, Glassfish, etc.
Java program Example
The following program demonstrates how to write a basic Java program.
Sample.java
123456789101112 /* Declaration of Class */ class Sample { /* Driver Code */ public static void main(String ar[]) { /* Print statement */ System.out.println("Hello World"); } }
Output:
123 Hello World
The above Java program, declares a class Sample. The System.out.println() method displays the output on the console.
What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a scripting language that allows us to develop interactive web pages on the client as well as server-side.
The JavaScript code is inserted inside HTML using <script> tag. JavaScript is executed on the client side.
JavaScript is easy to learn and can be used with other languages for developing web applications.
For executing JavaScript programs we don’t need to install any kind of plug-ins.
JavaScript is used with differentprogramming paradigms like REST API, Node.js, etc.
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