It's that time of the year again, the anniversary of the Capaci attack, Italy mourns the mafia victims.
Just yesterday I watched the last Giovanni Falcone interview before he was murdered, and he said "In Italy the only way to be believed is to be killed".
It's been 30 years since the Capaci and via D'Amelio attacks
This is a different post from the others I have posted for Sanremo, but it's far more important than any of them.
It's about history, and murder, and terrorism. It's about the role we each have to play to remember, because it needs to be remembered. It's about a dark page of italian history, and it's something everyone needs to read.
It's quite long, but I hope you'll read it, and understand why mafia can not be a joke, a concept, or romanticized, especially by people that don't know what it is.
Under the cut is the full translated monologue from yesterday night by Roberto Saviano. Hope it will help you think.
"It's been 30 years since the attacks on judges Falcone and Borsellino. Tonight we remember them, but remembering isn't a passive act. The word comes from re-cordare, "to put something into your heart", because in ancient times they thought the heart was the place where memories were stored.
When we remember Falcone and Borsellino, we're not just nostalgic, we are putting them into our hearts, and so we are giving life back to them, we feel them beat deep inside of us.
A lot of people that are hearing this were not born when they were killed, but their history is part of our collective memory. They are symbols of courage, and courage is always a choice. When you get the possibility to change things, you have two choices: you can choose to take a stand, or you can choose to leave it be. But when you refuse to choose, you're not neutral, you're an accomplice. Paolo Falcone and Giovanni Borsellino's stories are those of people who chose, knowing they were putting themselves in danger.
You know, the investigative method used by Falcone and Borsellino and the Palermitan anti-mafia pool was created by judge Rocco Chinnici. He was murdered by a car bomb outside his house in 1983.
Chinnici became the head of the Examining office after Cesare Terranova, murdered in 1979.
Terranova collaborated with the senior prosecutor Pietro Scaglione, murdered in 1971.
The judge who worked on the Chinnici murder, Antonino Saetta, was murdered in 1988.
Gaetano Costa, Ciaccio Montalto, Alberto Giacomelli, Rosario Livatino, who was only 37, were all murdered. And these are only some of the uncountable men and women who died because of mafia.
Every time organized crime kills, it counts on everything being forgotten in a couple of days. Silence.
That was what always happened beofre the attacks on Capaci and via d'Amelio. And that's what mafia thought would happen those times as well. And they thought so because Falcone and Borsellino during their career were victims to the silence's best ally: delegitimization. To discredit someone, and cover them in mud.
Today they are celebrated as heroes, but they weren't when they were alive. Falcone and his pool collegues were called show-offs looking for clout, they were accused of sensationalizing the antimafia judge's work. And so the protection agents, the bulletproof vests, the car sirens weren't exential ways to protect them anymore, they were part of a dramaticization that generated outrage and distrust in colleagues, journalists, citiziens. They even said Falcone placed the bag with 58 dynamite sticks in front of his house, between the rocks in Addaura, to pretend like there had been a failed terrorist attack on himself and climb the ladder.
There were no social media, but there were haters, many of them, who couldn't live up to their courage, their talent, their strenght; they'd rather scuttle them, mess with their image.
Delegitimization was not meant to sic mafiosi against them, but to create mistrust in those who were supposed to fight with them. Mafia knew that and used it. The mud thrown on their faces isolated them, making them easy targets, but it couldn't dirty up their example. Their actions made a lot of people realize they could, with the law, make brave choices and have a different life.
In the 1982 edition of the Festival di Sanremo, a 17 years old girl was watching the tv. Her name was Rita Atria. She was born in Partanna, near Trapani, but she didn't watch the Festival in her home, in Sicily, but in a flat in Rome, of which no one, no one, not even her mom, knew the address. Rita Atria was the daughter of a minor Partanna boss, killed when she was a child. A few months earlier, she lost her brother, Nicola, who wanted to take revenge on his father's murder with the mafia rule, killing his father's murderers, but he died first.
Rita chose differently, bravely, especially for a girl her age.
She chose to denounce what she knew of mafia, that killed her brother and her father, knowing she was putting herself against her own family, her whole comunity. She was the youngest witness of justice in Italy. She was put under protection in Rome with her sister-in-law, Piera Aiello, that started the witness of justice process before her, and was always by her side.
Magistrate Paolo Borsellini was with them. He was a guide to Rita, he showed her the possibility of a life, far away from that in which mafia decided how to live and how to die; and for the first time Rita understood she was free to chose who to love, to decide on her body (which was always denied to her), free to have a walk on her own, unthinkable, for a girl who grew up in the mafia society. She was happy she freed herself from her past, and she couldn't wait to create her future.
Then the attack on via D'Amelio happened, and she commited suicide seven days later. Paolo Borsellino's death, a father figure to Rita, made her fall to despair, to hopelessness. Made her think mafia took away that second chance at life too.
Rita was an energic girl, she made a true revolution, finding the strenght in herself to talk about those criminal mechanisms that she always saw. Her testimony described from the inside what the magistrates could only see from the outside. Thanks to her, a lot of mafiosi were condemned. All of this, thanks to a 17 years old girl.
The witnesses of justice's bravery - and we're talking about innocent people, people that never committed any crimes - is the bravery of people who know that by choosing to denouce, they're changing their lives and those of the people they love. Usually ruining it, usually destroying it.
Every time we don't choose we are afraid of being attacked, isolated, but then we realize neutrality doesn't make us safe, because it makes us give up our freedom, our dignity, our right to look for our happiness. And that's what happens every time society, politics, in Italy and in Europe, chooses to leave mafia be, that is everywhere. Because this silence ends up favouring mafias and leaving those who oppose them alone.
Ernesto Cardenal, a Nicaraguan poet, said "They thought they were burying you, but what they did is plant a seed". they thought they were burying Rita Atria, and they thought they were burying Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, but they were seeds, and they bloomed. The seed their courage put inside each and every one of us can really become root.
A few weeks before she died, Rita had her third year's hotel management school exams. One the essays' topic was the attack on judge Falcone, and that's what she wrote.
With Falcone's death those men told us that they will always win, that they are stronger, that they have the power to kill anyone. The only way to get rid of this evil is letting the boys and girls that live in mafia know that there's a world outside, a world made of simple things, of purity. A world where you're treated the way you deserve, not as the child of this or that, or because you paid a pizzo so that they would make you that favour. Maybe an honest world will never exist, but who prevents us from dreaming? Maybe, if every one tries to change, maybe we'll make it. "
- Roberto Saviano
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